维京史话（2012）

Archaeologist John Ljungkvist has found some remarkable remains
考古学家约翰.伦克维斯在这里发现过一些东西
that reveal just how lavish a palace it once was.
足以证明这里的宫殿曾经多么奢华
Here we've got two of the spirals that we find
这两样东西是之前在这里发现的
on the doors of the hall.
是厅门上的装饰
Look at that! Fantastic.
你看啊!太漂亮了...
There would have been a longer bit as well, extending...
这东西之前应该更大一些…象这样延伸出来
Yeah, would have had a tang like this,
是的，应该有一个这样形状的柄脚
but unfortunately it's broken on this one.
可惜它断了
Take it away. Take it from me.
把它放好把，把它放起来
And what else?
还有别的吗?
Oh, so that would have been all as one, all one.
喔…那个应该是象这样的
Yeah. That's amazing.
太棒了
You get the sense that it's not just a functional building,
你能感觉到这些房♥子不光有实用性
it's been decorated to be stunning.
它的装饰也令人瞠目
It's when you see these beautifully crafted, beautifully wrought finishing touches,
你看到这些精心锻造涂装的饰件时
that you realise it wasn't just a big hall,
你会意识到这撞房♥子不仅仅是普通的大厅
it was the best hall finished to the highest standards.
而是精工细作的最棒的...
Absolutely, it is a fantastic house, I've never seen anything similar.
这绝对是座难以置信的房♥子，我从没见过更好的
The fine ironwork adorned huge timber doors to an interior
精致的铁器装点着通往内堂的巨大木门
that would have both impressed and intimidated visitors.
初来乍到者常会又惊又羡
The inside would be huge,
屋子的内部也十分宽敞
it's like a living room 200 square metres big.
比如起居室就有两百平♥米♥大
And the walls had been whitewashed.
墙壁都粉刷的洁白无暇
So it's not like a smoky, really Dark Age,
不像是在烟雾弥漫的黑暗世纪
really a very nice palace with white, shiny, nice walls.
而是十分漂亮的宫殿…漂亮的墙壁洁白发亮
I wonder how they maintained it,
我好奇他们如何让墙壁保持洁白…
cos there would have been big fires inside as well,
因为他们需要在房♥里生火取暖
so they'd have to be constantly... Yeah! ..whitewashing the inside.
也就是说他们要不断地粉刷墙壁
Yeah, absolutely!
是的..你说的对
This was the royal person's,
这里是皇族的…
the Prince's reception rooms and the reception area.
王宫贵族的接见区…
And it's the lofty position that it has in the landscape,
这里是国王所处的位置
down to those fields, it's way below us.
居高临下的俯瞰这地方
So the working people are literally beneath us
工匠仆人们都仰视着我们
and we are above everybody else.
我们可以凌驾于一切之上
And just over there, of course, they've got
当然他们能看到
the presence of their ancestors buried in these mounds,
那边先王们的坟墓
they've got people so that they can say this is ours
他们可以对臣民们说这里属于我…
and I can prove that,
我能证明自己
because my father was here and his father was here. Yeah.
正如我的父王和祖父之前一样
Gamla Uppsala is one of
格姆拉乌普萨拉是斯堪的纳维亚地区
the most important pre-Viking sites in all of Scandinavia.
最重要的前维京时代的遗址
It reveals a new centralisation of power in the east,
它揭示了在东方出现了中♥央♥集权
the first people who were not just chiefs,
出现了第一位不仅仅是酋长的统治者
but regional kings and queens.
而是地区的国王和王后
But it's important for another reason too,
它的重要性更在于...
because this place was also a centre of a very violent religion.
此地所处的是一个十分动荡的地区
A reminder that this world was very different
要知道这里和崛起于维京世界之外的
to the emerging Christian kingdoms beyond the borders of the Viking world.
基♥督♥教王国截然不同
There are disturbing reports of ritual sacrifice,
传说这里曾流行活祭的仪式
of nine males of every living creature,
九种不同的雄性动物
dogs, horses, even men, being taken to a nearby grove
狗，马，甚至人… 被带到附近的坟地(献祭)
and their dead bodies hung up on the branches
他们的尸体被吊在树枝上
where they were left to rot together.
只到腐烂…
Archaeologists working hereabouts are tempted to think
附近的考古学家大多认为
that this might be the location where it all went on.
这一带就是当初流行活祭仪式的地区
Now, all over the trees here, there are little runes,
所有这些树上都能发现小符咒…小贡品
little offerings of bits of jewellery and ribbons,
比如珠宝和丝带等
here someone has even made and brought in a plaster cast of Thor's hammer,
还有人带来了石膏的雷神之鎚
so even after all this time,
可见即使是在千年之后
this place matters on some level to all sorts of people.
这种习俗还是多少留下些的影响
Evidence of exactly what went on here has been lost...
已经没有证据显示这里到底发生过些什么了…
..but one extremely rare pagan find has been unearthed nearby.
但在这附近曾经出土过一件及其珍贵的文物
The object is a clue as to why the people of Scandinavia
这件东西为我们提供重要的线索
were so different from those living
我们得以推断为什么斯堪的纳维亚
in the rest of Europe.
会和欧洲其他地区如此泾渭分明
It's a bronze pendant,
这是个铜质的挂件
once upon a time it would have been worn around the neck of a woman
曾几何时，它曾经挂在以为女性的脖子上
who lived sometime towards the end of the 7th century.
她生活在公元七世纪的晚期
It's quite obviously a horse,
显而易见这是匹马
but this is no ordinary horse.
但这不是寻常的马
This is the mount of Odin himself,
这是奥丁神的坐骑
one of the most important and powerful of the old pagan Gods.
奥丁神是异教中最为强大的神明
This is Old Norse,
古代北欧的人们
the woman who wore this didn't believe in one God,
他们不信仰单一的神
she believed in many.
而信仰多神
After a journey that's taken me all over Scandinavia,
在穿越了整个斯堪的纳维亚地区之后，
I've come back to Oslo.
我又回到了奥斯陆
And to the Oseberg ship
又回到了奥斯贝格之舟，
that also played its part in Viking belief.
因为它在维京信仰中扮演了重要的角色
Because this vessel wasn't only to be used to ferry the living.
这些船不仅是用来载活人的
But also the dead.
也用来载死去的人
Viking funerals, at least for the high and mighty,
维京人的葬礼，至少是那些位高权重者的葬礼
were massive, elaborate affairs with rituals lasting weeks at a time.
盛大而冗长的仪式要持续一周时间
Of course, the dead had to be placed aboard
当然...死者要被安放在船上
because it was them who were making the journey
因为他们要开始另一段旅程
and then around them would be heaped
堆在尸体周围的是…
all of the things they might need and want in the next life,
所有他们喜欢的和在要来生使用的物品
so sumptuous clothes, jewellery for display,
华服和珠宝
food and drink,
食物和饮料
and also, and importantly, there was usually an element of sacrifice,
更有甚者…通常还会一些牲畜祭品
And so dogs, maybe hunting dogs and also lap dogs and pets,
比如狗狗，可能是猎狗…哈巴狗或者其他的宠物
would be killed and put beside their owners,.
会被宰杀放在主人旁边
In this instance, as many as 15 horses were slaughtered
比如这次，十五匹马被宰杀殉葬
and laid out for use in the next world.
以备死者来生之用
And you have to imagine
由此你可以想象一下
the impact that would have had on the people who were watching.
这场景对观礼者产生的影响
For one thing, it was a display of wealth beyond their reach,
一方面，葬礼上展示的财富远超出他们毕生所能积攒的
this only happened to the few,
这样的财富只有极少人能拥有
and they would see all the valuables going in,
他们看到这么多值钱的珍宝…
then the animals being killed and put alongside.
还有牲畜一起当做殉葬品
It would have stayed with those spectators for a lifetime,
这影响会一直伴随观礼者一生
and they in turn would have passed stories about
他们还会把他们的所见所闻
what they had seen down through the generations
一代代的传下去
so whoever went into the next life aboard this ship
所以登船前往来生者
would never be forgotten.
将被永世铭记
When I look out into the Atlantic from here,
当我在次远望大西洋时
I feel a great deal of respect,
敬仰之情油然而生
if not downright admiration,
几乎是要顶礼膜拜
for the people who embarked on their journeys.
对于那些由此踏上海上旅程的人们来说
I don't think they were driven by greed, far less bloodlust,
驱动他们的不是贪婪，更不是杀戮的欲望
instead I think the motivations were ambition and opportunity.
相反，我认为是雄心和寻找机会
They were living at a time when populations were expanding,
他们生活的年代人口膨胀
but here in Norway, beautiful though it is, space is finite.
而在挪威…虽然美景如画…却空间狭小
There's a limit to how much good land there is available to expand into,
没有足够的沃土来容纳人口的增加
so who could blame some of them when they knew that out there
所以当他们得知远方有充足的土地和金银...
was plenty of land as well as gold and silver that might be acquired.
…从而开始远航时那就在正常不过的了
I've seen how,
我明白了
over thousands of years, a strange and unique Scandinavian culture
陌生而独特的斯堪的纳维亚文明
gave rise to the Viking Age.
是如何历经千年而崛起…从而开创维京时代的
But when the magnificent Oseberg ship burial was unearthed
而当奥斯贝格之舟发掘出土
it contained an unexpected twist in the tale.
让维京的传说产生了出人意料的转折
As an archaeologist,
作为一名考古学家
I tend to spend a lot of my time talking about powerful men,
我通常会花很多时间啦谈论那些强大男人们
but when the Oseberg ship was excavated
但是当奥斯贝格之舟出土时
the big surprise was that it contained two women.
让人♥大♥吃一惊的是船里的是两个女性
And these are the remains of one of them, in fact the older of the two.
这些是其中以为的骨骼…年长的那位
We can tell that this venerable lady
我们判断这位庄严的女性t`
was perhaps as much as 80 years old when she died
去世时的年纪在六十岁到八十岁间
and it was cancer of some sort that finally claimed her.
她最终死于癌症