维京史话（2012）

there was actually an economic surplus.
经济其实十分繁荣
There was plenty of good grazing
牧人牛羊成群
and the land was good for many crops.
农民的庄稼也多种多样
Having visited the coasts of Norway and Sweden,
在访问了挪威和瑞典的海岸之后
I'm now heading for Denmark, and its capital, Copenhagen.
我启程前往丹麦首都--哥本哈根
Because just 100 miles from here,
来这里的原因是距此地一百英里外有一处遗址
there's a remarkable site that reveals how Bronze Age people
它能够告诉我们...青铜器时的人们
thrived off the fertile land of the South.
是如何依靠南部肥沃的土地而繁衍生息的
3,500 years ago,
三千五百年前
this place was an important settlement of wealthy farmers.
这里曾是一个重要的定居点，居住着富有的农民们
These are the burial mounds of Borum Eshoj
这些伯鲁姆的古墓
and they were built between 1,400 and 1,300 years BC.
大致建造于公元前1400到1300年
At that time, there were more than 40 mounds in this area alone...
仅在这个地区就有超过四十个这样的坟丘...
..and 45,000 dotted right across Denmark.
…而在丹麦全境则有超四万五千个
One of the many extraordinary things about these mounds,
这些古代房♥屋的不同寻常之处在于
is the effort, the colossal effort it takes to build them
建造它们所需要的巨大花费
and it's estimated that when this was first completed,
据估计这座坟墓最初建成时
it was eight times as big.
其大小应是现在的八倍
To build one of these you need 150 people
建造这么规模的一个屋子要一百五十个人
working flat out for three or four months,
全力以赴地干上四个月
so whoever commissioned it
无论谁是古墓的主人
had to have resources to organise those people,
他必须拥有巨大的资源来组织这些人工
to feed those people and to give them the tools for the job.
供给他们食物，以及工作所需的工具
But all of this is and was rich farming land,
这片亘古的沃土
it provides surplus grain and surplus animals.
提供着足够的谷物和牲畜
So the families who buried in mounds like these
拥有这些坟墓的家庭
weren't just trying to survive off the land,
并不仅是依靠土地而生存
they had control over it.
他们拥有这些土地的控制权
These mounds suggest that the people here
这些屋子说明这个地区的人们的生活
enjoyed a relatively good life,
相对于北方苦寒之地的人们
especially compared to the tougher conditions of the north.
要轻松悠闲的多
But wherever you lived, north or south,
但是无论你身处北方还是南方
surviving a Scandinavian winter wasn't easy.
度过斯堪的纳维亚的严冬天绝对不是件轻松事
Experimental archaeologists working here have created
在这里工作的实验考古学家…
an exact replica of the houses
精确的复♥制♥了一间房♥屋
these Bronze Age farmers would have lived in.
青铜器时代的农民们就曾居住在这种房♥屋的原型中
And since I've come here in February,
因为我来到这里时正好是二月份，
it's just the right time
正是时候可以去尝试一下
to get a taste for the winter food their lives depended on.
古人赖以过冬的食物
My guide is food expert, Bi Skaarup.
我的向导是食品专家--比.斯加罗
It's all very well for us in the 21st century,
二十一世纪的我们衣食无忧
but what kind of challenges faced Bronze Age farmers
而青铜器时代的农民们又曾遭遇什么样的挑战呢
as the long dark nights of winter set in?
特别是当漫长严寒的冬季来临时
The most important thing was to get enough provisions
至关重要的是获得充足的食物
to get you through the winter.
要足够整个冬天吃的
If you were completely starved in the spring,
如果到了春天时你饿着肚子
you couldn't start working the land
你就没有力气耕作土地
and that was very important.
这是非常重要的
Is there anything interesting to drink in the Bronze Age?
在青铜器时代有什么好喝的东西吗？
Yes, definitely,
是的，当然有
and I've made some for you.
而且我还给你准备了一些
I was hoping you'd say that. Yeah.
我就希望你能这么说
The residue of this drink
这种饮料的残渣
was found in a bark bucket in a burial mound.
我们曾在屋子里的一个木桶中找到过
So its malted wheat,
这里有小麦麦芽…
honey, bog myrtle to give a bit of bitterness,
…蜂蜜，香杨梅，有一点点苦味
and cranberries.
还有蔓越莓
Slainte mhath. Skol.
祝你健康!
That's fantastic, it really is.
太棒了，真的很好喝!
It just tastes like fruit juice.
味道象果汁
Yes.
是的
But that's a fermented... It is. ..drink.
它是发酵过的饮料
So that would last.
所以可以较长时间保存
It would.
是的
That would see you through a winter's night, wouldn't it?
整个冬天他们都会喝这个对吗?
Yes.
是的
Fermented drinks may have kept the cold at bay,
发酵过的饮料可以保存在橱柜里阴凉处
but more of a problem was keeping food through the winter.
比较困难的是其他的食物如何保存过冬
Especially meat.
特别是肉类
I brought some meat, marinated in whey.
我带来了一些肉，是在盐水里腌过的
What sort of meat is that?
这是什么肉
It's pork. Right.
是猪肉
And that's edible now just having been soaked or sat in whey?
就在盐水里腌一下...就可以吃了吗?
Now, you're not just having me on, are you?
你不是在骗我吧?
No, I'm not. OK.
没有骗你
It's got all the texture, but it only tastes very faintly of meat. Mmm-hmm.
几乎都是纤维，只有一点点肉的味道
But, you know... But then I do like raw meat,
但是我其实喜欢吃生肉
I've always been drawn that way!
我一直是这样吃肉的
Preparing for winter, surviving it, together.
为过冬做好准备，安全度过寒冷的冬天…
It's such a shared human experience for anyone in Northern Europe.
这是每个生活在寒冷北欧的人所共有的经验
I remember speaking to a woman on Shetland once
我记得曾经在设得兰群岛跟一个人聊起过
and I asking her how she coped with the winter
我问她是怎么度过冬天的
and she said she enjoyed it and looked forward to it.
她说她很享受冬天且盼望冬天到来
And I asked her why, and she said
我问她为什么…她回答我
the satisfaction was preparing for it
为过冬做准备让她有满足感
and feeling proof against the winter.
因为严寒也不能奈何她
And so the people here in the Bronze Age,
因而青铜器时代在这里生活的人们...
they would have been making plans for the winter,
他们肯定需要为安然越冬制定计划
laying down supplies,
储备过冬的供给
and as well as making sure they had the basics of life,
确保生存必须品都能齐备
they were finding time to prepare a few barrels of fermented drink
他们需要花时间酿造几桶酒
so that, as well as surviving, they could also take the edge off
这样…除了生存之必须外
and enjoy themselves as well.
也还能不时娱乐一下
So they'd be in here with their extended families,
人们就这样和各自的家族聚在一起
with the animals for extra warmth,
还有各自的牲畜…这样可以相互取暖
and if they had got their plans right, and they pulled together,
如果计划准确无误…人们就可以聚在一起
then they would survive,
安然度过冬天
and having survived a winter like that,
在度过这样严寒的冬天后
then I'm sure it would make the spring and the summer that followed
我肯定接下来的春天和夏天
that bit sweeter.
他们会过的更加有滋有味
Having eaten like a Viking ancestor,
在尝试了维京人祖先的食物后
I'm going to spend the night like one,
我将在这里过夜
in the moonlit shadow of those ancient mounds.
月光下…古屋中…
Now, you can read all the books you want,
此时此刻... 你可以随便拿出一本你感兴趣的书来阅读
but the only way to even get close to having a Bronze Age experience...
而要更加真切的接近青铜器时代
..is to do it.
那就需要去亲身体验…
Hopefully these sheepskins will make all the difference.
这块羊皮可以让我暖和好多
Don't suppose there were many occasions
青铜器时代的人很少会…
when a Bronze Age person had a night to him or herself inside a house like this.
...在冬夜独自一人呆在这样的屋子里
They would have been with their family almost all of the time.
他们应该会一直和自己的家人呆在一起
In Britain, Bronze Age people lived in round houses,
在英伦，青铜器时代的人们住在圆形的屋子里
but over here,
而在这里
the rectangular timber houses of Borum Eshoj
博鲁姆这些长方形的木屋
were the direct ancestors of the Viking longhouses that would appear 2,000 years later.
是两千年之后维京长屋直接的原型
Well... ..there we go.
好…该起床了
I have to report, first of all, that despite all my best intentions
首先我要说…虽然我想的很好
to report throughout the night, I fell asleep.
整晚保持清醒汇报情况… 但是我还是睡着了
All I can really say is, it was warm enough
我能说的只是…这里足够暖和
and here I am.
我安然无恙
I've survived my Bronze Age winter's night.
我安然度过了青铜器时代的冬夜
Quite good, really.
很不错，真的
Incredibly, it's even possible to get a glimpse
难以置信，我甚至有幸得以一观…
of the very inhabitants of Borum Eshoj themselves.
真正的博鲁姆原住民
In Copenhagen,
哥本哈根
an entire 3,000-year-old family from the settlement
从三千年前定居点发掘出来的...
has been carefully preserved.
…一家人保存的十分完好
And this is the mum.
这是干尸
What's most moving of all to me
最最令我们大家动心的是...
is the preservation of the clothing
...这些保存下来的布料
that she was put into after she died.
这些布料用来包裹她的尸体