维京史话（2012）

So you want to have a bit of a backstop on it to stop it shooting out.
它末端的突起可以防止它从手里滑落
And you can see here that the wear pattern is on that side.
勺子磨损的部分在这边 ...
Mm-hm.
嗯
It's a right-handed person. A right-handed person.
它的主人是习惯用右手的
This object was found in the 1970s in Shetland.
这东西是上世纪七十年代在设德兰找到的
It's so fine.
真是精致！
Look at the tines, the little rivets, because its composite, isn't it?
你看这梳子的齿尖，还有小巧的铆钉
It's been made from multiple parts.
用来把几个部件连接在一起
That's gorgeous. Look at that.
你看这里，真是精美
Look at the shine on it from being handled,
一直被手触摸的表面富有光泽
you know, that patina there of being held and used.
这种光泽是(长♥期♥)使用它而造成的
Exactly, that's what brings the past to life.
没错，这就是生活的印记
Handling these simple objects
触摸着这这些简单物件
took me right into the practicalities of Viking daily life.
恰能带我进入古代维真人的日常生活
It's got this little depression there.
这里有一个小小的凹槽
That's for your thumb, so you can carry it.
这样大拇指就能牢牢握住它
Lamps, whetstones,
灯，磨刀石
loom weights and fishing tackle.
纺锤和渔具
But best of all was one very personal possession.
而其中最好的是一件个人物品--
And it's a piece of a glove, or a mitten.
这是一副连指手套
That's for a thumb?
这里肯定是拇指
That's a thumb.
是的
For a Viking thumb
一个维京人的大拇指
Yes, yes, a Viking thumb.
没错，维京人的大拇指
It's one thing to talk about Vikings
嘴上说说维京人是一回事
but that was worn by a Viking hand.
实实在在触摸到维京人的手则完全是另一回事
Well, it's been carbon dated to 975 AD.
碳同位素分♥析♥显示这东西的年代是公元九七五年
Oh, wow! How can that be 1,000 years old?
这么说已经有一千年的历史啦？
Is that knitted?
这是编织的吗？
That's woven, believe it or not.
是纺织的，信不信随你...
Gosh.
天啊
I think it's just absolutely electrifying to see an item like this
我觉得看到这些东西绝对是令人激动的
where something as powerful as the human hand is there to be seen.
在此你能够见证到人的双手是如此强有力的工具
Through the 10th and 11th centuries,
整个十世纪和十一世纪
Shetland supported a huge community of around 10,000 Vikings.
大概有上万维京人生活在设德兰地区
But these islands settlements were just
然而这些小岛仅仅是
the first stepping stones for even greater and far more daring journeys.
维京人伟大的远征途中第一站而已
While the Swedes were getting rich from trade in the east
当瑞典人在东方以贸易发家
and the Danes were establishing a kingdom in England,
丹麦人在英格兰建立了维京国家
the Vikings here plotted a route into the west,
这里的维京先民们则绘制出一条西行的线路来
and the lands they revealed were much more than just a day's sail away.
他们所发现的那些土地绝非和维京本土是近在咫尺的
From Shetland, and continuing north and west to Iceland.
从设德兰出发继续往西北行进来到冰岛
Having braved the wild seas,
渡过了狂暴的海洋
the Vikings reached here in the late ninth century.
维京人在九世纪下半页来到这里
I've been digging in this bank for a very good reason,
我之所以在这挖这么个洞
because I was told that if I went deep enough,
是因为有人告诉我...如果挖到足够深的话
I would find a very important, significant layer.
就能找到一个具有重大意义的土层
Now, if you look down in here,
你往下看
first of all, ignore that very obvious, thick, grey band.
先别管这块厚厚的灰色的土块
Down into that deep section,
你往更深的地方看
do you see the quite narrow band of sandy coloured material
看到在深色的泥土当中
in amongst much darker stuff?
有薄薄的沙子颜色的物质了吗？
Now that, believe it or not, is debris from a volcanic eruption dated to 872 AD.
这些东西是公元八七二年一次火山喷发的遗迹
Now, no evidence of human habitation has been found below that layer,
在这层土的下面就再也没有找到过人类活动的证据
meaning there was no-one here before 872.
也就是说在八七二年之前这里没有人类居住
Above that layer,
而在这层土上面
after that date,
也就是这个年代之后
we start to get evidence of Viking settlement.
则找到了维京人在此定居的证据
And that's how we know when they arrived.
于是我们知道了维京人是何时来到这里的
Iceland was some way north of the Viking homelands.
冰岛甚至比维京人的故乡更靠北方
And although the Norwegians here were well used
虽然挪威人早已学会了
to surviving long, dark, cold winters,
如何在漫长严寒黑暗的冬天生存
this place was in a league of its own.
但这里却独具法则
The very first settlements here were on the coast,
第一批移♥民♥选择在海边定居
where there was easy prey in the water.
因为能从海里轻易的取得食物
Fish, walrus, seals,
鱼、海象、海豹
even whales.
甚至是鲸鱼
Today, just outside Reykjavik
时至今日，就在雷克雅未克郊外
there's a Viking-themed restaurant that recreates the delights of a unique diet.
有一间维京主题餐厅 仍然重现着那个时代的独特饮食
I remember when I was five or six years old,
记得我五六岁的时候
my father told me you will get strong if you eat it.
父亲告诉我吃这东西可以让身体变得强壮
And he kept telling me that.
他总是这么说
The local Viking speciality?
这是当地的特色吗？
Rotten shark.
腐鲨肉
And you say rotten, do you mean rotten?
你说腐烂，真的腐烂了吗？
Yes, it is actually rotten.
是的，真的是腐烂的
They cut the best pieces of the shark
他们会把鲨鱼身上最好的那块肉切下来
and put it in a box.
放在一个盒子里
They put the box into the sand
然后把盒子埋在沙子里
and let it be lying there for a couple of weeks.
让它埋上两个星期
You just eat it slowly,
你要慢慢的吃
just let it be in your mouth for a long time.
让这东西在你嘴里停留时间长一点
Enjoy the taste.
享受它的味道
OK?
还行吗？
It's a formidable scent.
可怕的味道
That is amazing!
真令人吃惊
Whoa!
Wow..
It's like...
有点象...
it's like blue cheese,
蓝纹奶酪
but 100 times more.
但味道要浓上一百倍
Wow!
Wow!
Give him schnapps.
给他一杯杜松子酒
Fortunately, there was something on hand to take the taste away.
还好，还有东西可以冲淡这股味道
That is Black Death.
这叫“黑死病”
Black Death and rotten shark.
黑死病和腐烂鲨鱼肉
Right.
对
I can't remember the last time I had those two together.
我记不起上次是什么时候吃过这两样东西了
That's amazing. I like that.
太棒了，我喜欢！
Natural maritime resources led to successful coastal settlements.
充足的海洋资源使得(维京人)成功在此定居下来
But as the population grew on Iceland,
但是来到冰岛的维京人越来越多
new settlers had to forge lives elsewhere,
后来者只能去别处另寻容身之地
building farmsteads inland.
去内陆地区建造农场
I'm standing inside the ruins of a byre for keeping livestock.
我站着的地方是一处牛栏的遗址
These upright stones mark the individual stalls,
这些直立的石块就是一个个的厩棚
there'd maybe be seven or eight animals on this side
这一边大概有七八头牲畜
and the same again on the other,
而那一边也有相同数量的
so maybe 14, 16 head of cattle, maybe sheep.
所以这里大概有十四到十六头牛或绵羊
On other parts of the island,
在岛的另外一边
they would have had pigs and goats.
人们饲养的可能是猪和山羊
They would have bought up seaweed from the coast to feed the animals,
人们会从沿海地区买♥♥来海藻当做饲料
and the animals would also have grazed
这些牲畜也会去吃
on whatever naturally occurring grasses were all around.
到处生长的野草
The introduction of domestic animals to Iceland
被引入冰岛的各种牲畜
brought a whole new diet,
使得这里的菜谱更加丰富
but not necessarily a better one.
但并不比原先的更美味
That is what they put in the air,
人们把这东西放在外面
and let it be just...
让它自然风干...
They put it in the air and when the wind was blowing, the rain was coming in.
就把它放在外面任凭风吹雨淋
So it's not been cooked?
不用煮熟?
Not been cooked at all.
根本不煮
It smells awful but it is OK to eat.
味道很难闻但是吃起来还不错
If you eat this...
如果你能吃的了这个...
Is this a challenge?
这不太容易吗?
..then I think that you were born in Iceland,
..那你上辈子可能是出身在冰岛的
and have been a Viking in the past.
前世是个维京人
There is something almost... almost like the,
这味道就象是...
um...
呃
Well, to be honest, flowers or fruit that has turned and gone bad.
坦率的说，象是变质的花或者水果
To survive the winter,
为了能在严冬中生存
the Vikings preserved every single body part.
维京人把每块肉都保存下来