维京史话（2012）

ever came to be.
为什么会产生，又是如何产生的
'To discover the very earliest roots of the Vikings,
为了揭开维京人最初的发源
'I'm leaving Oslo behind and heading east,
我离开了奥斯陆一路向东
'to the very heart of the Baltic.'
进入波罗的海的中心地带
It's taking me 450 miles from Norway,
离开挪威四百五十英里
to a Swedish island called Gotland.
来到瑞典的哥特兰岛
To really get to grips with the Vikings,
要真正认真审视维京现象
to have any chance of seeing who they were and where they came from,
要搞懂维京人到底是谁他们从何而来
you have to dig down towards the roots of the world that bore them.
你必须深入研究他们的起源地
And that means going all the way back to pre-historic Scandinavia.
而这意味着要一路回溯到史前的斯堪的纳维亚
And, I can tell you, there's some pretty strange stuff down there.
我可以告诉你们，在那有一些有趣的东西
The streamlined longboat was key to everything the Vikings achieved.
维京人所收获的一切都是因为有了这种流线型的大船
And the very beginning of the longboat's story
而这种船诞生的源头
can be found here in the Baltic, on Gotland.
就在波罗的海的哥特兰岛上
'Joakim Wehlin is a local archaeologist,
约阿基姆.韦林是当地的一位考古学家
'who's promised to help me find some ancient rock carvings.
他答应陪我我一起去看一处古代的岩画
'The only trouble is, they're submerged and, in winter,
唯一的麻烦是这些岩画浸没在水下
'also stuck under a lot of ice!
而在冬天就会被冻在冰层下面
'And to make matters even worse, it's getting dark!'
更加糟糕的是天快要黑了
This is exactly what they tell you not to do in all the warning films.
我刚刚告诉过你不要踩在冰面上
Exactly. It's not...
没错，它不……
Oh, how frustrating.
唉，真是让人泄气
I mean, they're just...
我是说…
Oh, I can see them!
哇，在那…我看到了!
Honestly, I've got...
老实说，我已经看到了…
Yeah?
是吗?
Yeah, yeah, I can. I can see it.
是的，是的，我看到它了
You see there, the dark. There's the line of the boat.
看那里，深色的地方.那是船的轮廓线
You can see the curving hull. It's there. Amazing.
你能看到弧形的船身，太棒了就在那里
Yeah, it is.
是的
It's really cool, actually.
真是酷，真的
It's great!
太棒了
Effectively, what we've got is a sunken Bronze Age rock carving.
简而言之，我们找到的是沉入水下的青铜器时代的岩画
It's great!
太棒了!
Just amazing.
太妙了
I suppose the obvious question is, why is that rock art here?
我疑惑的是这个地方为什么会有岩画?
Because it feels like the middle of nowhere,
因为这的周围什么都没有
Yes, today, it's the nowhere,
是的，现在是什么也没有
but back in the Bronze Age,
但是如果回溯到青铜器时代
I think this is a meeting place.
我认为这里是个集♥会♥地
People gathering around here.
周边都住着人
You see the open landscape. High points all over here.
你看这里地势平坦开阔
In the Bronze Age, would the sea have been closer
而在青铜器时代海岸离这更近，更容易看见吗?
and, therefore, easier to see? Yeah, the sea would have been closer
是的，那时这离海岸更近
and also there was a freshwater lake just next.
并且这里还有淡水
You can see the remains.
你还能看的到痕迹
So this is the only place for freshwater at the time.
因此，xa0这里是唯一可以取水的地方
And so, if it was a place that mattered,
如果这样的话，就很好解释我的疑问了
because people were accustomed to coming here to talk or to trade
因为人们会习惯来这里交谈或者进行交易
or whatever, then it would have made sense
或者做其他的事情
to make carvings in the rock here.
这里会有岩画就很好理解了
Exactly.
完全正确
If you look at the rock art that is made
那些瑞典中东部地区发现的岩画
on the mid-Eastern part of Sweden, it is the same kind of rock art.
和这里的岩画是同一类型的
There's something symbolic about something
这些岩画都是远古时代
from so long ago being trapped under the ice.
一些冰封已久事物的象征
'Rock carvings have been found all over Scandinavia,
岩画在整个斯堪的纳维亚地区都有发现
'going back thousands of years, into the Iron Age and beyond.
这些东西可以回溯到几千年前的铁器时代甚至更早
'And there's a very definite recurring theme.'
它们很多在重复表现一个明确的主题
I can see right away the ships, with people in them, with a crew.
我可以看到船，船上乘着人，还有船员
Yes.
是的
People with weapons - swords and axes.
人们带着武器--剑和斧子
And the ships are actually really good.
这些船真的画的很棒
There's quite a lot of detail.
细节描绘的很生动
You know, this...
你看，这个是…
This coming up at the bow
你能看到船身是弓形的
and then you've even got a serpent head at the bow of the ship.
还有蛇状的船头
Yes, and sometimes it looks almost like you can see the direction of it.
是的，你几乎可以分辨出船的行进方向
So the people who are making the carvings, you, kind of, get a sense
你能够感觉到，画这些岩画的人
of how familiar they are with ships, with boats,
对船只和航行是多么的熟悉!
because there's detail and a real familiarity with the shape.
因为只有真正的内行才能描绘出这么多细节
'The rock carvings are stunning, but they're not the only remains
这些岩画的确令人瞠目结舌
'that testify to the Vikings' ancient sea-faring roots.'
但这却不是能证明维京先祖是海上民族的唯一证据
Very evocative.
真是令人心潮澎湃
'Next morning, I'm still on Gotland. I'm searching out more evidence
明天早晨我还会留在哥特兰岛
'of the earliest maritime ancestors of the Vikings.'
进一步搜寻维京先祖依海而居的证据
What I've come to see here is much, much older than these trees,
我在这里见证的东西比这些树木要久远的多的多
but the fact that it's partly concealed by a forest
这东西大部分被森林所包围
just adds another layer of mystery and it kind of sets you up
而这恰恰增加了它的神秘感，而更加激起你...
for the expectation that you're about to see something magical.
...对即将要见证的奇妙事物的期待
This vast monument is called the Stone Ship of Ansarve...
这个巨大的遗迹被称作"安萨维石舟"
..and it's around 3,000 years old.
…大约建于三千年之前
Anyone coming here couldn't help but be struck by its sheer scale.
每一个来这里的人都不禁会被其巨大的外形所震慑
I've walking into lots of stone circles in my time,
我曾经见证过很多岩石阵
but nothing like this.
但没有一处比得上这里
In a stone circle, you never quite know how to feel -
身处这样的岩石阵中，你永远不会知道...
you don't really know for sure what you're being told,
…你真的不知道这些岩石在诉说着些什么
but you come in here and, without anyone saying a word,
但你身处其中时，不用我再解释
you know exactly what this is.
你会清楚知道这是什么
Like Britain's stone circles,
正如不列颠的石阵一样
the purpose of ancient ship monuments is mysterious.
古人建造这些遗迹的目的不得而知
Many are graves.
有很多是墓碑
But not all.
但也有一些不是
Every one of them, though,
而每块石头...
testifies to the symbolic importance of the sea
都证明了海洋对于维京人的重要性
to the people who lived on Gotland long before the Viking Age.
在维京时代之前很久就有人在哥特兰岛上居住了
It's such a Baltic thing to do.
诸如这样的石船只有在波罗的海地区才能见到
You don't get ship settings in France or in Britain
在英国或者法国从来没有这样的东西
but you do get them here - lots and lots of them.
而在这个地区却十分常见
The prehistory of Scandinavia was dominated by the sea.
在斯堪的纳维亚的史前时期，海洋是占主导地位的
With its rugged coastline of fjords and inlets,
蜿蜒曲折海岸线遍布着大小峡湾
it was often much easier to travel by sea than over land.
…使得海上的航行远比在陆地上方便
In the Baltic Sea alone there are over 50,000 islands,
仅仅在波罗的海就有超过五万个海岛
convenient stopping-off points,
(对于海上航行)这些都是很好的中途停留点...
service stations or lay-bys, if you like,
服务站或者避难所
along an ancient maritime motorway.
这些小岛遍布于古老的海上通道
It was these ancient maritime skills
正是这些古老的航海技术
that evolved into the seagoing prowess of the Vikings,
造就了维京人今后纵横四海的英勇...
their daring raids, and their great epic voyages.
还有他们无所畏惧的劫掠和史诗般的航行…
The ancestors of the Vikings
维京祖先流动的血液中
had the salt of the sea running through their veins.
浸淫着大海的盐分
But they were also a people who were shaped by their land.
而同时陆地也塑造着这个民族
When you travel though Scandinavia,
旅行在斯堪的纳维亚大地
you begin to realise just how huge and varied a land
你会意识到维京人曾居住的这片土地
the Vikings inhabited.
是如此广阔和多样化
From the cold, northern mountains of Norway,
从挪威北部寒冷的山区
where arable land was scarce...
那里可耕作的土地稀少…
..all the way down to the fertile plains of Denmark and the South.
…一直到丹麦和更南边富饶的平原
Travel in prehistoric Scandinavia might have been dominated by the sea
在史前的斯堪的纳维亚，出行虽然要走海路
but survival depended on the land.
但生存活命还是得依靠陆地…
How successfully you could tend animals and grow crops.'
人们如何才能成功地养殖庄稼和牲畜呢?
The geography of Scandinavia provides for
斯堪的纳维亚的地理条件造就了
many different landscapes and many different climates
多种多样的地形和气候类型
and people living in different parts are affected in different ways.
住在不同地区的人们也因而受到不同的影响
In the far north,
在遥远的北方
where the soils are thin and the winters are long and dark,
土地贫瘠，严冬漫长而黑暗
it's very difficult to grow crops -
庄稼很难有好的收成
it's even a challenge to keep animals.
即使要养活牲畜也很困难
But in the South, especially during the Bronze Age -
而在南部地区，特别是到了青铜器时代
the time where people were making those ship carvings -
就是绘制那些岩画的年代