与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S05E06

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 3:03 p.m.

I was watching this tournament
福兹·佐勒尔赢了那场比赛
where Fuzzy Zoeller was winning.
广播员跑向他问：
Announcer runs up to him and says,
“福兹，你是怎么做的？你怎么赢的？”
"Fuzzy, how did you do it? How did you win?"
他说：“好吧，那是因为我一整周都不动脑子。”
He says, "Well, I've been brain-dead all week."
经过足够多的训练，一次好的挥杆是不自觉的
After enough practice, a good swing is automatic.
实际上几乎所有的躯体动作
In fact, nearly everything that our bodies do
都不需要思索
requires little, if any, thought.
几乎所有的行为都是无意识的
Almost all of our actions are actually unconscious.
我们假装能够控制自己的肌肉
We can pretend we access our muscle.
当我握着一个高尔夫球棍时
You know, when I hold a golf club,
我能抓住它，然后我能想：
I can grip it, and then I can think,
好的，放松这块肌肉，拉伸这块肌肉
okay, flex this muscle, extend this muscle,
转动我的肩膀，扭动腰身，等等
turn my shoulders, turn my waist, so forth.
但实际上，我很难很难专门控制这些肌肉
But actually, I have very, very poor access to those muscles.
先确定想要什么样的结果更简单一些
It's much easier to visualize what you'd like to happen,
然后挥杆就行
and the swing just takes care of itself.
我们的大脑是目标指向的
Our brains are goal-oriented.
我们只去思考最终目标
We think of an end result,
而身体则无意识的完成动作
and our bodies mindlessly follow a program to achieve it.
对于斯科特来说
For Scott, this is evidence
这说明了我们的意志力并没有想象中的强
that our willpower is not as strong as we think.
一个好日子里一个人♥大♥约是97%的僵尸程度
On a good day, I think we're about, uh...97% zombie,
差日子就会有98%的程度，而剩余的2或3%
and on a bad day, 98% zombie, and the rest of the 2 or 3%
代表了自♥由♥意志
is us having actually willful control
能够控制日常行为
over our daily activities.
斯科特正在进行一种实验
Scott is running an experiment
来控制受试者米斯蒂那2%的自♥由♥意志
to momentarily rob his subject, misty, of the other 2%.
他使用的技术
He uses a technique
叫做经颅磁刺♥激♥
called transcranial magnetic stimulation, or T.M.S., to induce
用来产生她脑中一种无害电流
a harmless electrical current in her brain.
经颅磁刺♥激♥这种方法
T.M.S. is a method for
能够短暂关闭你大脑中的一小部分的功能
very briefly turning off a small part of your brain,
我用铜线圈抵住你的头
so it's a copper coil that goes against the skull,
然后就能诱发电流
and you induce a current through that,
这段时间中
and during that time,
你的大脑相当于产生了损伤
you essentially have a virtual lesion in your brain.
斯科特将设备校正
Scott calibrates the device
专门刺♥激♥控制右手的神经元
by stimulating the neurons that control her right hand.
然后再专门刺♥激♥顶叶皮层
He then moves the device to focus on her parietal cortex.
脑中这块区域的作用
This region of the brain is believed to be responsible
是用来确保行为与意图一致的
for making sure that our actions match our intentions,
比如触摸红点
like trying to touch an illuminated dot.
第一轮实验中
In the first round of Scott's experiment,
并不使用经颅磁刺♥激♥脉冲
there is no T.M.S. pulse.
一旦受试者的手开始移♥动♥
As soon as their hand starts moving,
我们马上把红点向右移♥动♥几英寸
we jump that second light to the right a few inches,
受试者的手会马上校正
and their hand quickly corrects for that jump,
顺利的按到第二个红点
and it smoothly goes over and pursues that new location.
但在第二轮实验中
But in the second round,
正当米斯蒂的手指移♥动♥时，斯科特电击了她的顶叶皮层
right as misty's finger moves, Scott zaps her parietal cortex.
哦！
Oh.
她的大脑并不能感觉到刺♥激♥
She doesn't feel the pulse
但失去了意识行为能力
but loses the ability to consciously
来纠正手指到第二个红点
correct her action for a brief moment.
基本上他们的反应
They react, essentially,
就像僵尸一样，想要指第一个红点
as a zombie and go to the original location,
而第二个红点出现后
that second light,
却无法纠正自己的动作到新的位置
and they're unable to correct themselves on the fly.
当我们把顶叶功能关闭后
So when we turn off the parietal lobe,
我们基本上就把一个人
we're essentially making a person a full zombie
瞬间变成了僵尸
for just a second or so.
而在这个期间
And during that time,
他们仅是做出动作
they're just carrying out a movement
却无法继续控制这个动作了
that they no longer can control.
斯科特认为我们之所以进化成98%的僵尸
Scott believes we evolved to be 98% zombie
就是要让大脑的智力部分
so that the intellectual parts of our brains
从繁重而又花费大量时间的
could be freed up from thinking about the menial tasks
各种大脑任务中释放出来
that take up most of our time.
对于进化到现在的人类来说
For all of its evolutionary advantages,
人脑具有高级智慧也是有代价的
the intelligent human brain may come with a cost.
我认为对于我们做的大多事情来说
I think we're a hair's breadth away from a zombie apocalypse
现在距僵尸末日已经非常近了
in the sense that most of what we do,
甚至不知不觉就发生了
we can accomplish without thinking about it.
就只是想想上周你到底自主地
Just think about how many willful choices
做了多少个选择
you've made in the last week.
或许只有一到两个
It's probably maybe one or two.
你做的其他事都是自发行为
Everything else you did was essentially automatic behavior.
那么现在你想做什么，就占用了那2%的自♥由♥意志
So now you think of something, it takes away that last 2%.
你早已准备并适应了像僵尸一样活着了
You're already prepared to live as a zombie.
我们成年后
By the time we reach adulthood,
日常生活中大多行为
most of our daily lives are spent engaging
都基本不需要专门去思考
in activities that require little conscious thought.
但即使我们不能再清醒地做出决定
If we were to lose our ability to make conscious decisions,
生活也还和往常一样
life just might continue as normal.
当然，我们意识不到自己已经变成了僵尸
Certainly, we wouldn't recognize it in ourselves,
而可怕的是你能否辨认其他人
and the scary thing is whether you could recognize it
是不是僵尸呢
in anyone else.
如果僵尸末日真会发生
If there was a zombie apocalypse,
我并不认为会像“僵尸世界大战”里描述的
I don't think it would be like "World War Z."
我们还会像平淡无奇的正常人一样
I think we would be plain old normal human beings,
只不过发生了一点点变化
except we'd be a little bit different.
这种改变更像是电影“天外魔花”
We'd be more like "invasion of the body snatchers,"
虽然我们每个人都在，但已经不再是真正的自己了
where we're ourselves, but we're not ourselves anymore.
人类热爱自♥由♥意志
We humans love our free will.
或许真会这么离奇
As bizarre as it may seem,
某种微小的寄生病菌或某种技术
it is entirely possible that a microscopic parasite
很有可能变得无法控制
or technology run wild
夺走了我们如此珍惜的自♥由♥意志
could take away the free will we cherish so dearly.
而关于僵尸末日的所有说法
All of this talk of zombie apocalypse
向我们提出了一个最终疑问
raises one final question --
为什么我们喜欢用半死不活吓唬自己？
why do we enjoy scaring ourselves half to death?
也许这正说明了我们需要
Maybe that's what we need to do
为最差的情况做准备
in order to prepare for the worst.
不过我才不怕，因为科学才是最好的防御武器
I'm not scared, because science is our best defense.