与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S05E04

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 3:02 p.m.

他是西雅图保罗艾伦大脑研究所
He is chief scientist at Paul Allen Institute
的首席科学家
for brain research in Seattle.
对于克里斯托弗来说，思维纯粹是
For Christof, the mind is purely a product of the web
大脑神经元网络的产物
of neurons in the brain.
如果互联网是一个大脑
So if the Internet were a brain,
那么它要有多复杂才能比得上人脑？
how would its complexity stack up against a human brain?
互联网目前
The Internet is, by far,
是最复杂的人造物
the most complex artifact ever built by mankind.
连接它的晶体管数比典型的
It has on the order of probably 10,000 more transistors
人脑中突触的数量还要多1万个
than there are synapses in your typical brain.
这当然就引起了一种可能
It certainly raises the possibility,
因为赋予了互联网极大的复杂性
given the enormous complexity of the Internet,
现在，也可能是未来某时
that now, or sometime in the future,
我们会发觉互联网是某种东西
it may feel like something to be the Internet,
互联网本身产生了某种程度的意识
that the Internet itself has some degree of sentience.
有些人认为互联网早已产生了知觉
Some say the Internet may already be sentient
或自我意识，但其意识程度
or self-aware, but its level of consciousness may be similar
可能只类似于新生儿
to that of a newborn.
假如互联网有了某种模糊的意识
Let's say the Internet has some sort of dim awareness.
我们需要知道这种意识的智慧程度
We have to ask how intelligent is that awareness.
比如你是一个婴儿
You know, if you're a little baby,
你对自己的母亲具有某种模糊的意识
you can be somewhat dimly aware of your mom,
你会觉得饿，就会找奶喝
and that you're hungry, and that you're looking for milk,
但你并不会非常智慧
but you're not really very intelligent
也不会做很多事
and you're not able to do a lot.
但很可能
But presumably,
互联网会学习和进化
the Internet will learn and evolve.
它会成长
It will grow up.
如果真是这样，我们又怎么知道
If it does, how will we know when it has become more than
它何时不再是名义上的计算机器了？
just a glorified calculator?
一种对意识的测试方法是图灵测试
One way to gauge consciousness is to apply the turing test.
其方法是对一个人或一部机器问一些问题
This imagines asking a man and a machine a series of questions
询问者却不知道答案是人还是机器给出的
without knowing who or what is giving the answers.
如果你不能分辨出哪个答案是机器回答的
If you can't figure out which one is the machine,
机器可以让你认为它是一个人
if the machine has fooled you into thinking it is human,
那么就能说明这部机器是有智慧的
then for all practical purposes, it might as well be intelligent.
我应该看哪里？看着你？看着我
Where do I look? At you? At me.
克里斯托弗提出了一种经过改进的新式图灵测试
Christof proposes a new, improved Turing test
不仅能够用来衡量智力
that measures not just intelligence,
还能衡量意识
but consciousness.
这种测试使用的是视觉意象
The test uses visual imagery.
计算机需要判断一系列照片中
The computer must decide whether a series of photographs
哪些是真的，哪些是假的
are right or wrong.
只要是人类一眼就能看出来
Any humans looking at these photographs would know
这些图片都不是真的
they are not real,
但当代计算机仍能轻易的被欺骗
but modern day computers are still easily fooled.
除非计算机能得到一个非常非常复杂的列表
A computer, unless you provide it with a very, very large list,
无限复杂的列表，列出所有可能的情况
an almost infinite large list of all the exceptions,
这台计算机才能判断图片真假
could not deal with that.
这也是视觉意识图灵测试的
And that's the basic nature of this turing test
本质特征
for visual consciousness.
克里斯托弗打算让互联网
Christof wants to apply this test
进行这种测试
to the entire Internet.
如果庞大的全球计算机网络通过了这项测试
If the vast global network of computers passes the test,
根据他的标准，就说明互联网是有意识的
by his definition, it is awake and aware.
那如果互联网已经具有意识了呢？
But what if the Internet is conscious?
它会想要什么？它又会如何行动？
What would it want? How will it behave?
它会是朋友，还是敌人？仆人，还是主宰？
Will it be friend or foe, servant or master?
如果互联网能够做出独♥立♥的行为
To the extent that the Internet developed independent behaviors
将会是可怕的，会非常可怕
would be scary, could be very scary.
虽然它会涉及到所有的安全问题
Of course, it could have all sorts of security implication.
但在这种程度上来说，我们就能够确定
To that extent, that would certainly be a signal that
互联网中自发产生了某种自主的东西
there's something independent, autonomous there.
如果互联网开始做出一些我们无法预测的事情
If the Internet begins to do unpredictable things,
我们就能知道一种新的生命形式诞生了
we will know we are dealing with a new form of life.
它也许仍会遵循
It may even follow an important precedent
地球生命重要的历史先例
in the biological history of planet earth --
同化更小更简单的生物
the absorption of smaller, simpler life forms
将其组合成更大更复杂的生物
into the bodies of larger, more complex ones.
人类的未来也许和线粒体很类似
The future of humanity may be similar to that of mitochondria,
线粒体是大多数细胞的能量工厂
the power generators inside most biological cells.
线粒体曾经是独♥立♥的生物体
Mitochondria were once independent organisms,
但在进化史上
but over evolutionary history,
它们被大型细胞所同化
they were taken over by larger cells.
曾经独♥立♥的线粒体
The once-independent mitochondria
变成了它们主人（大型细胞）的能量源
became a mere power source for their Masters.
我们，以及像超级大国这样的人类文明
We, and the civilizations we now think of as superpowers,
也许会被我们自己创造的东西所同化
may be absorbed by our own creation.
但它能从我们身上得到什么呢？除了偶尔修修东西而已？
But what would it want from us, other than occasional repairs?
或许是需要我们产生的能量
Perhaps it would want our energy.
或许它渴望得到自己并不具有的东西
Or perhaps it will desire the one thing it doesn't have --
灵魂
a soul.
灵魂说起来的确挺吓人的
The soul is really spooky.
如果无法衡量它，你又为什么需要它？
If you can't measure it, why do you need it?
如果你没有物理载体
What function does it do that you can't do
又何必需求它的功能呢？
with physical stuff anymore?
所以今天，随着计算机的发展
So today, with the existence of computers,
互联网根本不需要灵魂的载体
there isn't any need for soul stuff,
因为通过软件中的各种算法进行计算
because it can all be done using computations,
它就能得到自己想要的
using algorithms in software.
具有意识和强大力量的互联网
A conscious, superpowerful Internet
也许并不需要灵魂
may not need a soul to function,
但体会着人类的欢乐和悲伤
but experiencing the joys and sorrows of humanity
也许会给互联网一种新的方式来理解世界
would give it another way to understand the world.
不过与人类始终领先的技术间的差距
So our defining difference from technology
会防止人类
may ultimately keep the human race
最终变成自己的受害者
from becoming its victim.
纵观历史
Throughout history,
每项技术进步都引发了新的战争方式
every technological advance has led to new forms of warfare.
铜器时代赋予我们斧和剑
The Bronze Age gave us the ax and the sword.
铁器时代给了我们枪炮
Iron gave us the cannon and the gun.
信息时代催生了属于它自己的武器
The Information Age has birthed its own weapons.
但信息不像物理资源
But information is not a physical resource
可被开♥发♥和控制
that can be mined and controlled,
像铁和铜一样
like iron and bronze.
它是思维的资源
It's a resource of the mind.
在这样的新时代，一个国家的命运
In this new age, the fate of a nation,
包括最强大的超级大国，都要依赖于一个东西
even the mightiest superpower rests on one thing --
那就是人类的想象力
the power of human imagination.