与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S05E04

Part 1 April 19, 2021, 3:02 p.m.

许多超级大国
The most powerful nations
都担心自己会在某种新型战争中战败
fear a new form of warfare that could bring them to their knees.
在这个军队、政♥府♥和经济都依赖于
In this age where armies, governments, and economies
复杂的全球性基础设施的时代中
all depend on an intricate global infrastructure,
要毁灭一个超级大国无需枪炮
you don't need guns and bombs to bring down a superpower.
你需要的只是想象力
All you need is imagination.
百万分之一秒的改变就会造成混乱
Shift time by a millionth of a second and create chaos.
通过人体传播电脑病毒
Use the human body to spread a killer computer virus.
将我们依赖的技术转而对付我们自己
Turn the technology we are addicted to against us.
人类智慧会助我们成功？
Will human ingenuity triumph?
或是我们被自己的智慧所毁灭？
Or will our ingenuity prove our undoing?
空间，时间，生命本身
Space, time, life itself.
宇宙之谜，尽在穿越虫洞
The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole.
与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（S05E04）
Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman (S05E04)
如何摧毁一个超级大国？
How to Collapse a Superpower
我们的生活要依赖现代文明
You and I rely on our modern civilization,
但有很多人并不喜欢这样
but there are plenty of people who don't like it,
原因有很多
for a variety of reasons,
宗教、政♥治♥，甚至是惧怕我们自己未来
religion, politics, or maybe fear about our future.
到目前，我们暂且称他们为“恐♥怖♥分♥子♥”
For now, let's call these people "terrorists."
恐♥怖♥分♥子♥并不以传统方式发起袭击
Terrorists don't fight by conventional means.
而是用我们意想不到的方式
They strike in ways we don't expect.
现在，也许我们给了他们一件武器
Now, we have given them a weapon
能够改变全球力量的平衡
that could change the global balance of power.
美国、欧洲、中国之间的稳定
The stability of the U.S., Europe, China,
以及世界上其他国家
and any global power depends on
都依赖于高速数字通信
high-speed digital communication.
只需要一点想象力，极少的恐♥怖♥分♥子♥就能
With a little imagination, could a few terrorists sabotage
破坏这只巨大的网络，毁掉一个强大的国家吗？
this massive network, cripple a mighty nation,
甚至是摧毁整个现代文明？
perhaps even tear down modern civilization?
击球手是杰基·罗宾森
Batter is Jackie Robinson.
一好球一坏球。两上垒，两出局
One ball, one strike. Two on, two out.
当我还在密西西比时
When I was growing up in Mississippi,
喜欢收听老布鲁克林道奇队的棒球比赛
I loved to listen to the old Brooklyn Dodgers
那是从纽约来的现场直播
baseball games, broadcast live all the way from New York.
我的家人和在艾必斯野场的几万名球迷
It amazed me to think that my family was cheering
可以同时为杰基·罗宾森的击球欢呼
one of Jackie Robinson's big hits at the same instant
这让我觉得很奇妙
as tens of thousands of fans at Ebbets Field.
安全回到本垒！
Way back, it's gone!
那是杰基·罗宾森的本垒打
That's a home run for Jackie Robinson.
无形的无线电♥信♥♥号♥♥将数百万人联♥系♥起来
Invisible radio signals that connected millions of people
并使我们变得同步
and synchronized us all.
现在他们走出休息区开始握手
They're coming out of the dugout now to shake hands...
今天，我们比以往联♥系♥的更加紧密
Today, we are more connected than ever before.
各种机器设备将我们联♥系♥在一起
And all the machines that connect us,
这些设备维持着现代社会的运行
the machines that keep the modern world running,
但都要基于精确的同步时间
rely on precisely synchronized time.
这点是否会被用来攻击我们呢？
But could time be turned against us?
位于科罗拉多博尔德的
The National Institute of Standards and Technology
美国国家标准技术研究所
in Boulder, Colorado, is the home base
是物理学家犹大·莱文的本垒
of physicist Judah Levine.
只要你使用了电脑和手♥机♥
Whenever you use a computer or your cell phone,
就要进入犹大最伟大的创造：
you're tapping into Judah's greatest creation,
互联网授时服务
the Internet time service.
互联网授时服务会发出信♥号♥♥
The Internet time service sends out signals that let computers
使所有计算机同步至百万分之一秒内
synchronize their clocks to within a millionth of a second,
而需要精确时间的设备数量
and the number of devices that need precise time
突飞猛涨
is skyrocketing.
增长率是每月5%
The growth has been 5% per month,
连续增加了15年
compounded for 15 years.
我们开始时每日有5万个请求，到现在
And so, we started out with 50,000 requests a day, and now,
每天差不多有60亿个请求
we have about six billion requests a day.
世界时间的维持并非只要一台时钟
No single clock keeps time for the world.
国家标准技术研究所中就有12个
N.I.S.T. has a dozen,
每个都以不同的方式测量时间
each measuring time in different ways.
犹大时钟的精确度对于
The accuracy of Judah's clocks is vital for controlling
控制电力电网、
electric power grids,
同步电子通信网络、
synchronizing telecommunications networks,
安排金融交易都很关键，也许最重要的
timing financial transactions, and perhaps most importantly,
就是维持全球定位系统的工作
making the global positioning system work.
假如恐♥怖♥分♥子♥把这些时钟
Imagine if terrorists threw those clocks off
扰乱一点点
by just a tiny bit.
那会发生什么？
What would happen?
GPS导航系统要基于
The G.P.S. navigation system depends on the fact that
所有的卫星都处于同步状态
all the satellites are synchronized to the same time,
这就是GPS系统时间
which is called G.P.S. system time.
这是这个系统的最基础部分
The system fundamentally requires that,
没有它GPS就无法工作
and it won't work without it.
是完全无法工作，而不是功能减弱
It just doesn't work at all. It's not that it degrades.
是彻底不工作
It just doesn't work.
整个地球上
Around the world,
任何时刻都有5千架航♥班♥正在飞行
more than 5,000 planes are in the air at any given time.
为了防止出现碰撞，空中管制员必须高度精确的
To keep them from colliding, controllers must track time,
跟踪时间、速度和距离
speed and distance with great precision.
系统中几秒钟的扰动
A few seconds' disruption in this network could mean disaster
就会在一些大型机场中造成灾难性的流量拥堵
in the tightly packed airspace around a major airport.
现在想象下攻击
Now imagine that effect simultaneously hitting
保持大国运行的全部基础设置
the entire infrastructure that keeps a superpower running.
发电厂、医院、食物配送、石油生产
Power plants, hospitals, food delivery, oil production,
全都依赖于精确的时间
all depend on time-critical functions.
若没有时间的同时性
Throw them out of sync,
就会发生灾难性的链式反应
and there could be a catastrophic chain reaction.
一些并没有马上失去功能的小的影响
Small effects, if they're not damped out quickly,
会逐渐发展为大问题
can grow to become much bigger problems.
犹大的挑战就是防止
Judah's challenge is to keep that chain reaction
这种链式反应的发生
from happening.
他最大的威胁来自黑客
His biggest threat comes from hackers.
过去一两年里黑客数量急剧增加
The last year or two has seen a dramatic increase in hackers.
过去你必须懂得如何编写一些攻击程序
It used to be that you really had to understand how to write
但现在，只需要一个人编写
some of these attacks, but now, one person writes the attack
然后传给50个人
and distributes it among 50 people
或5百个人，甚至5千人，而这些人不需要知道
or 500 people or 5,000 people who don't necessarily understand
这些攻击程序如何工作的
even how the attack works,
他们需要做的只是拷贝和运行
and all they have to do is copy and run it.
这个问题只可能变得越来越严重
So it's a problem that's only gonna get worse.
犹大的互联网授时服务的保护措施
Judah's Internet time service protects itself
就是将时钟分散
by spreading its clocks around.
这就要追溯到互联网开始的用途
This goes back to the original purpose of the Internet --
分散控制权，故损失一些网站
distributing control so losing a few sites
不会导致整个互联网的瘫痪
won't take down the entire network.
NIST的互联网授时服务
The N.I.S.T. Internet time service
更难加以干扰，因为其分散度很高
is more difficult to jam, because it's so distributed.
我们有45个服务器
There are 45 servers.
全都位于不同地点
They're all at different locations.
有着不同的地址
They don't have the same address.
还有着不同的物理网络
They don't have the same physical -- physical networks.
所以同时入侵这些服务器
So jamming all of them simultaneously would be --
我并不想说是不可能的
I wouldn't want to say it was impossible,
因为没有什么是不可能的
'cause probably nothing's impossible,
但需要大量的工作才能入侵
but it would be quite a job.
但处于安全中的幻觉
But the illusion of security
或许是我们面对的最大的威胁
may be the greatest threat we face --
当我们处于危险时仍认为自己是安全的
the false belief we are safe when we are not.
人们倾向于相信自己看到的听到的
People tend to believe what they see and what they are told,
尤其是信息来自一个可信任的形象
especially when it comes from a trusted figure.
我来到开罗，希望在美国和
I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning
穆♥斯♥林♥国家之间寻求新的开端
between the United States and Muslims around the world.
美国并没有，也不会与伊♥斯♥兰♥国家开战
America is not, and never will be, at war with Islam.
但如果你无法再信任任何人了呢？
But what if you couldn't trust anyone anymore?
通过今天的技术
With today's technology,