地球壮观河流之旅 Ⅱ（2022）

从峡谷出发，赞比西河继续前行
From the gorge, the Zambezi journeys on.
蜿蜒穿过边境断裂的土地
Winding its way through the fractured land along the border
赞比亚和津巴布韦之间
between Zambia and Zimbabwe.
但它将再次改变形状
But it's about to shapeshift once more.
这一次，在一种完全不同的力量之中
This time, at the hands of an entirely different force.
卡里巴大坝
Kariba Dam.
建于20世纪50年代，
Built in the 1950s,
它完全挡住了赞比西河，
it completely blocks the Zambezi,
使它通过涡轮机发电
and forces it to flow through its turbines to make electricity.
只花了五年时间，河水就被拦住
It took just five years for the river, held back
在大坝后面，
behind the dam,
水位上升100米
to rise 100 metres.
水面形成了巨大的卡里巴湖
Swelling up to form the vast Lake Kariba.
25英里宽
25 miles wide.
140英里长
140 miles long.
44立方英里的水
44 cubic miles of water.
如此之多的水，以至于在下沉时引发了20多次大地震
So much water that it caused over 20 large earthquakes as it settled
在下面的陆地结构上
down on the land beneath.
卡里巴湖是世界上最大的人工湖
By volume, Lake Kariba is the largest manmade lake
这个星球上
on the planet.
它也成为了野生动物的天堂
But it has also become a haven for wildlife.
沿着湖岸线，生长着肥沃的草原
Along the lake's shoreline, rich grasslands have grown up.
在被淹死的树林里
And in the forests of drowned trees
由上涨的水形成
formed by the rising waters
这是一个独特的栖息地
is a unique habitat.
非常适合赞比西最具标志性的鸟类
Perfect for the Zambezi's most iconic bird.
非洲鱼鹰
The African fish eagle.
这里大约有500对，正在繁殖之中
There are around 500 breeding pairs here.
每一对都是终身伴侣
Each pair mates for life...
树木扭曲的形状提供了一个小平台
..the contorted shapes of the trees providing a platform
正好筑巢
for their nests...
…同时水面下有鳄鱼保护
..protected by the crocodile-infested waters below.
树木也提供了绝佳的有利位置
The trees also provide the perfect vantage point
可以搜寻湖中的猎物
to survey the lake for prey.
用两米长的翅膀飞掠，在浅滩上捕鱼
On two-metre wings, they hunt for fish in the shallows.
这地方适合鱼鹰，
This place is so good for fish eagles,
成了他们的据点
it has become their stronghold...
萦绕不去的叫声，成了卡里巴湖的声音
..their haunting call, the sound of Lake Kariba.
赞比西河现在正处于旅程的一半
The Zambezi is now at the halfway point on its journey
到达印度洋
to the Indian Ocean.
当河水冲出大坝，
As its waters break free of the great dam,
河水继续流淌
the river flows on.
现在它进入了一个失落的世界，
And now it enters a lost world,
延伸到50英里宽的山谷
spreading out into a valley 50 miles wide...
滋养了一片广阔的荒野
..nurturing a vast wilderness...
非洲最丰富的野生动物栖息地
..some of the richest wildlife habitat in Africa.
它也成为世界著名的未来之地之一
It has also become world famous as one of THE places to come
观察野生动物
and watch wildlife.
赞比西河及其支流的这一部分星罗棋布
This part of the Zambezi and its tributaries is dotted
带着观兽小屋
with safari lodges...
人们来这里与赞比西的标志性动物见面
..places where people come to meet the Zambezi's iconic animals.
但谁看谁？
But who's watching who?
这个观兽小屋已经经营了很多年，
This safari lodge has operated for many years,
野生动物现在已经习惯了人类
and the wild animals are now used to people.
大堂外还有一个主要景点
And there's one main attraction just beyond the lobby.
野生芒果树
A wild mango tree.
它的果实成熟的时间很短，
Its fruit is ripe for just a short time,
就在旱季结束的时候
right at the end of the dry season.
食物短缺时，令人垂涎三尺
A mouth-watering treat when food is scarce.
不仅是狒狒喜欢吃芒果
But it's not just baboons that have a thing for mangoes.
有更大的客人也要入住这间小屋
There are larger guests about to check into this lodge.
大象来到这棵芒果树前
Elephants have been coming to this mango tree
一代代从附近的河流前来，
from the river nearby for generations,
沿着很久以前就存在的古老道路
following ancient pathways that existed long before
屋子是后建起来的
the lodge was built.
特别是大象家庭学习到：屋子及其居民
One family in particular has learned that the lodge and its inhabitants
没有威胁
poses no threat.
为什么绕着走？
Why go around?
可以直接穿过接待处
When you can walk right through reception.
这些完全是野生大象
These are completely wild elephants.
多年来，他们已经理解
But over the years, they have developed an understanding
这里的工作人员
with the staff here.
大象世代相传的信任
A trust passed down through elephant generations.
我们肯定发展了这种关系，
We've definitely developed that relationship
我们看到，多年来年轻人几乎长大成人
and we've seen youngsters grow into almost adults now over the years.
所以我们的关系很好
So it's it's a beautiful relationship we have.
这头年轻的小象可能首先跟随它的母亲
This young bull probably first followed its mother
像小牛一样穿过这里
through here as a calf.
现在他很放松，
Now he is so relaxed,
他甚至花时间浏览礼品店
he even takes time to browse the gift shop.
在接待处办理登记手续
And check in at reception.
但很快，芒果的诱惑力就太大了
But soon, the lure of the mangoes is too great.
像这样的树对这里的野生动物至关重要
Trees like this are vital for the wildlife here.
它们的根从地下深处吸水，
Their roots draw water from deep underground,
因此，即使在旱季，它们也能结果实
so they can fruit even in the dry season.
是能量和维生素C的重要来源
An important source of energy and vitamin C.
当大象们大吃大喝的时候，
And while the elephants are feasting,
客人们得到了一生中最疯狂的邂逅
the guests get a wild encounter of a lifetime.
当大象吃饱，
When the elephants have had enough,
他们悄悄地离开了
they quietly leave.
和他们进来的方式一样
The same way they came in.
直接穿过接待处
Straight through reception.
大象是吃货
Elephants are big eaters.
但他们每天也要喝200升以上的水
But they also drink over 200 litres of water a day.
为此，就像这里所有的动物一样，他们依赖于河流
And for that, like all animals here, they rely on the river.
但赞比西不仅仅是一个喝水的地方
But the Zambezi is not only a place to get a drink.
对于胭脂红蜂鸟，
For carmine bee-aters,
河岸提供了一个完美的居所
the banks of the river provide the perfect place to make a home.
它们的聚居地可以容纳多达一千个巢穴
Their colonies can contain up to a thousand nests...
每只鸟都在沙质悬崖上挖掘一米多深
..each one dug into the sandy cliff face over a metre deep...
…它们的卵被保护免受捕食者的侵害
..where their eggs are protected from predators.
但在巢外，成鸟很脆弱
But outside the nest, the adults are vulnerable.
非洲鱼鹰不只生活在卡里巴湖上
African fish eagles don't only live on Lake Kariba -
他们在赞比西河沿岸随处可见
they can be found all along the Zambezi.
他们擅长捕鱼的技巧
The skills that make them so good at catching fish
对鸟类也同样有效
work just as well for birds.
在炎热天，河马沉湎于赞比西凉爽的河水
Hippos spend the hot days wallowing in the Zambezi's cool waters.
雌性群体，生活在由一个单身雄性
Schools of females live together in a territory ruled
统治的地区
by a single male.
在大多数情况下，他们是平和的生物
And for the most part they are peaceful creatures.
直到雄性的权威受到竞争对手的挑战
Until the male's authority is challenged by a rival.
然后河马变得暴躁
Then hippos turn violent.
在河流的安全所里，
In the safety of the river,
河马是万能的
hippos are all-powerful.
当太阳落山的时候，他们不再虚张声势
It's as the sun goes down that they start to lose their bravado.
河马必须吃草
Hippos eat grass.
每晚大约40公斤
About 40 kilos every night.
他们如果呆在河里，是吃不到的
They can't get that by staying in the river.
它们可能很大----超过两吨♥，但离开水
They may be huge - over two tons, but out of water
他们变得谨慎起来
they become cautious.
那么，他们紧张什么呢？
So what are they nervous about?
随着夜幕降临
As the night progresses...
……它们会深入阴影中
..they travel further into the shadows.
每晚有五英里远
Up to five miles a night.
不发出声音
Not making a sound.
很快，河马在月光下的草地上安静地吃草
Soon, the hippos are peacefully grazing in moonlit meadows.
但他们正在被盯视
But they are being watched.
狮子
Lions.
一群狮子在赞比西河的这一段巡逻
A pride of lions patrol this stretch of the Zambezi.
他们知道动物在河边来来往往，
They know that animals are moving to and from the river,