大西洋：地球最狂野的海洋（2015）

Brazil is so close, that many seeds
have blown or floated across to the island.
因为没有陆地捕食者能游到这里
And because no land predators
have ever swum over here
费尔南多岛也成了鸟类的天堂
Fernando is also a haven for birds.
红脚鲣鸟只是在此繁衍的众多鸟类中的一种
Red footed boobies are just
one of the many species that breed here.
白玄鸥在当地被称为“小新娘”
Ferry turns are known locally as little brides.
黑玄燕鸥被称为“寡妇鸟”
Black noddies are known as widow birds.
它们用海藻来筑巢
They build their nests from sea weed.
所有来这里繁殖的鸟 都是因为这里很安全
All these birds breed here because it's safe
但更因为这里丰富的海洋资源
but also, because of the rich seas.
岛屿陡峭的边缘驱动富含营养的海底洋流上升到海面
The island's steep sides drive
nutrient rich seafIoor currents to the surface.
大量的食物也为这座岛屿吸引了一种不寻常的动物
And a plentiful food makes the island
popular with a remarkable animal.
雄性长吻原海豚的旋转飞跃是费尔南多岛附近的日常景观
The twisting leaps of male spinner dolphins
are a common sight around Fernando
夜晚 它们在富饶的近海捕食乌贼
They hunt squid in the rich
offshore waters at night
白天 两千余头海豚聚集在岛旁的避风港里休息
and by day, over two thousand gather
to rest in the island's sheltered bays
这里有世界上最大的长吻原海豚族群
the largest group of spinners
anywhere in the world.
岸边的海豚数量众多
There's so many dolphins
so close to shore
科学家得以能够研究它们的习性
that scientists have been able
to study their behaviour
详细揭秘它们复杂的群体生活
revealing the secrets of
their complex social lives in detail.
较成年的雄海豚轮流警戒
Older male dolphins take turns on guard duty
提防诸如虎鲨等捕食者
keeping a look out
for predators like Tiger sharks.
其他海豚则可以安全地自♥由♥交际
This leaves the rest of the pod
free to socialise with each other in safety.
一头海豚幼崽在族群中心畅游
A young calf plays
in the heart of the group.
休息的成年海豚则相互陪伴
While resting adults
enjoy each other's company.
令人惊奇的是 海豚也会和人类一样打发时间
It turns out the dolphins have surprisingly
human ways to pass the time.
这就是海豚版的“传球游戏”吧
This is the dolphin equivalent of catch.
研究结果指引科学家去思考关于这种海豚的一个重大疑问
Studies have led one scientist to speculate on
one of the big questions about these animals.
它们为什么要旋转
Why do they spin?
看似一种视觉展示
It looks like a visual display.
但目前研究的重点在长吻原海豚
But now studies here are focusing on
the loud splash a spinning dolphin makes
拍打水面时发出的巨大声响上
when it hits the water.
科学家注意到当船只接近时 海豚会旋转翻腾得更加频繁
The scientist noticed that the dolphins
spun more often when their boat approached
因此意识到飞旋也许是对威胁的回应
and realised that the spinning may be
a response to a perceived threat.
虎鲨也是这里的常住居民
Tiger sharks are common here.
警戒的雄海豚的首要防御措施 就是引诱鲨鱼离开海豚群
The guard males first defence
is to lure the shark away from the group.
但它们也会飞旋
But they can also spin.
巨大的声响也许是向族群发出的危险信♥号♥♥
The loud splashes may be
a danger signal to the group.
也会有助于赶走捕食者
Perhaps help drive the predator away.
得益于其接近南美洲的位置
Thanks to its location
close to South America
火山爆发形成的费尔南多·迪·诺罗尼亚岛
the volcanic forces
that shaped Fernando de Noronha
成为了一个热带岛屿天堂
have created a tropical island paradise.
再更往南的地方 火山作用力也在起作用
Further south, volcanic forces
have aIso been at work
塑造了南部海域的生命圈
shaping the life of the southern seas.
一只漂泊信天翁巡视着大西洋的南部海域
A wandering Albatross patrols
the far south of the Atlantic.
它已经完美适应了这种寻找海洋绿洲的生活
Perfectly adapted
to seek out the ocean's oases.
它巨大的翼展足有三米长 使得它毕生大部分时间都能保持飞行
His huge three metre wing span allows him
to spend most of his life on the wing.
飞行时它也会觅食 飞掠海面捕食鱼和乌贼
He even feeds on the wing,
skimming the surface to catch fish and squid.
这片海域寒冷无比 风雨交加 看似毫无生机
These cold and storm-tossed seas
may look uninviting
但实际上 这里能发现许多食物
but in fact,
there's a lot of food to be found here
只要你知道去哪里找
if you know where to look.
两千米水深处
Two thousand metres down
遥控潜水艇向我们展现了一个奇异非凡的世界
remotely operated submarines have uncovered
a bizarre and unexpected world.
十二米高的火山筒
Twelve metre tall volcanic chimneys
向冰冷的海水中喷涌出过热的硫磺水
spew super heated sulphurous water
into the freezing ocean.
但这里仍有生命存在
But there is life, here.
长相奇特的白色螃蟹大量聚集在一起
Huge aggregations of strange white crabs.
有些体型接近餐盘大小
Some as large as dinner plates.
霍夫蟹依靠水中的硫磺生存
Hoff crabs rely on
the sulphur in the water to survive
但它们经常要冒着被煮熟的风险
but they are at constant risk
of getting cooked.
由于其毛发密集的胸部 这种螃蟹被冠以一位演员
These crabs are named in honour
of actor David Hasslehoff
大卫·哈塞尔霍夫的名字
because of their lavishly hairy chests.
细菌在这些毛发中滋生 以水中的硫磺物质为食
Bacteria growing in these hairs feed
on the sulphurous chemicals in the water.
接下来 霍夫蟹又以这些细菌为食
ln turn, bacteria are food for the crabs.
公蟹终身生活在暖流中 争夺制高点以及母蟹
Males spend their entire lives in the warm water,
competing for top spots and females.
对于带卵的母蟹而言 生存更加困难
For an egg carrying female life is harder.
她产下的卵很容易被高温和硫磺杀死
Her eggs are easily damaged
by the heat and the sulphur.
因此她必须搬到较冷的水中
She must move away into colder water.
这里 既寒冷又缺乏食物 她的身体开始虚弱
Here, cold and unable to feed,
her body itself starts to decay.
如果她能存活到产卵
If she survives long enough
to reIease her larvae
这些卵就会随着水流漂走 去寻找另一处这样的绿洲
they will drift with the currents in search
of an another oasis like this one.
地质构造力为深海中的霍夫蟹提供了生存场所
Here, in the remote south
这种构造力在遥远的南方隆起
the same tectonic forces
that support the hoff crabs in the deep
形成了巨型岛链
have thrown up huge island chains.
南桑威奇群岛
The South Sandwich islands
are a chain of volcanoes
是五百万年前形成的火山岛链
that rose up five million years ago.
如今 炙热的硫磺气体依然从品级荒凉的岩层向外倾泻
Today, hot, sulphurous gases still pour
from the bare and inhospitable terrain.
此岛看似荒凉 却依然有生命存在
The island looks bleak,
but there is life here.
许多生命
Lots of it.
三百万只帽带企鹅每年来此繁衍后代
Three million Chinstrap penguins
come to this volcano every year to breed.
这是世界上最大的企鹅栖息地之一
It is one of the largest
penguin colonies in the world.
而这也只是南大洋众多栖息地中的一个
And it is just one of hundreds
of coIonies in the southern ocean.
地质剧变改变了南大西洋的水体
These penguins prosper
because of a huge geological upheaval
造就了这些企鹅的兴盛
which transformed the waters
of the south Atlantic.
四千万年以前 南美洲与南极洲漂移分隔
Forty million years ago,
South America and Antarctica drifted apart.
使得世界上最强劲的洋流得以环绕着地球南部
Allowing the world's most powerful ocean current
to encircle the south of our planet.
南极绕极流卷起海底的营养物质
The Antarctic circumpolar current
serves up nutrients from the sea floor
肥沃了南部海域
and enriches the southern seas.
这道洋流的一条分支
A branch of this current curls up
上升延伸到福克兰群岛附近海域
and reaches the waters
around the Falkland islands.
在这些浅海区 阳光同洋流中的营养相结合
In these shallow seas,
sunlight combines with the current's fertility
造就了地球上生长最迅速的“森林”
to create one of the fastest
growing forests on earth.
巨藻的叶片每天可生长六十厘米
Macrocystus kelp fronds
can grow up to sixty centimetres a day.
大量动物在这片水下森林中茁壮成长
Huge numbers of animals thrive
in this underwater forest.
对于许多动物 例如这种橘黄海参
For many,
like these saffron sea cucumbers
巨藻森林就是温床
the forest is a nursery.
它们哺育幼体直到其能独♥立♥谋生
They carry their tiny young until
they are old enough to fend for themselves.
但这里所有的动物之中
But of all the animals here
或许这个小家伙承担着最重要的任务
perhaps this little one has the biggest role.
海螯虾 与寄居蟹亲缘很近
Lobster krill, closely related to hermit crabs.
它们以巨藻森林中的尸体为食
They feed on the kelp forest's dead.
这两只正在为水母的尸体争斗