大西洋：地球最狂野的海洋（2015）

它们以这道富含营养的上升洋流为生
sustained by the rich, upwelling current.
栉水母能长到一米多长
Comb Jellies can grow
to more than a metre across.
潜水艇的光线下 数千根纤毛
Thousands of hairs
catch the submarine's light
拍打推动着它在水中游动
beating to propel it through the water.
接踵而来的是一大群磷虾
Next come clouds of krill, tiny shrimp.
这些小虾是巨型蓝鲸的食物
The food of giant blue whales.
这是什么
-什么
What's this?
- What?
好奇怪
Strange.
哦 那是一只帆乌贼
KIRSTEN:
Oh, that's a Histio!
是的 是相模帆乌贼
Yes, Histioteuthis! Yes!
我们现在必须非常小心
-太棒了 太棒了
Oh, we have to be very careful now.
- That is too nice, that is too nice.
在阳光能穿透的边缘地带
At the edge of where sunlight can penetrate
出现了一只奇异的草莓色乌贼
the bizarre strawberry squid.
它有两只不同大小的眼睛 用于在这个奇异的世界里捕食
it has two different sized eyes
for hunting in this unusual world.
大的眼睛看向上方 能在弱光下监测到物体轮廓
The large eye points upwards, to scan
for silhouettes in the twilight.
小的眼睛能监测到在深海里发光的猎物
And a smaller one scans for
bioluminescent prey glowing in the depths.
最终 潜水艇返回了阳光能照射到的海域
At last, the submarine returns
to sunlit water.
从下方涌出的营养物质加上阳光
The nutrients welling up from below
combine with the sunlight
在大西洋中心创造了生命的绿洲
to create an oasis of life
in the heart of the Atlantic.
从蓝竹荚鱼一样的小鱼
From small fish
like Blue Jack Mackerel
到梭鱼一样的贪婪捕食者
to voracious predators,
like these Barracuda
许多动物在夏季高峰期从数千英里外赶到这里聚餐
Many animals journey thousands of miles
to feast here in the peak summer season.
这些长达三米的蝠鲼来自于非洲海岸
These Mobula Rays, over three metres across,
have travelled from the coast of Africa.
一只大青鲨 大洋荒漠中的另一个奇迹
A blue shark, another wonder
of the ocean desert.
以及这些抹香鲸 地球上最大的有齿动物
And these, sperm whales,
the largest toothed animal on earth.
它们捕食千米以下的深海乌贼 甚至是深海鲨鱼
They feed one thousand metres down
on deep sea squid and even deep sea sharks.
这里丰富的资源为数百头抹香鲸提供了食物
The abundant life here supports the population
of hundreds of these whales.
大西洋中脊把广阔的海洋转变为生命的绿洲
The mid Atlantic ridge has transformed
the open ocean into an oasis for life.
在大西洋的某些区域形成中脊的火山力量是如此强劲
In some parts of the Atlantic, the volcanic forces
that created the ridge are so powerful
以致于一些山峰被挤出了海平面
that the mountains have driven
right up to the surface.
一百万年前 赤道以南的一座火山
One million years ago, the tip of a volcano
突出了海面 形成了阿森松岛
broke the surface just south of the equator,
to create the island of Ascension.
它是南大西洋最新最荒凉的岛屿之一
It is one of the newest and most lonely islands
in the South Atlantic.
也是一处十分罕见的生态系统
And home to a very strange eco system.
一种动物统治着岛屿四周的浅海
The shallow waters around the island
are dominated by one animal
黑鳞鲀
the black trigger fish.
几乎没有其他对手能够跨越大♥片♥的自♥由♥水域到这里
Few competitors have yet made it across
the vast stretches of open ocean.
鳞鲀几乎什么都吃
Trigger fish will eat almost anything.
并且数量巨大 使得小珊瑚和海藻
And they are here in such numbers
that little coral or sea weed
都难以容身
can gain a foothold.
海鸟掉到海里很快就被瓜分
Sea bird chicks that fall in the water
are soon snapped up.
伤病的鳞鲀也不能幸免
Sick or injured Trigger fish
don't last long either.
海浪上方 贫瘠的火山岩在赤道烈日的炙烤下
Above the waves, barren voIcanic rocks bake
in more than thirty degrees Celsius
可达三十多摄氏度
under the equatorial sun.
这是真正的荒岛
This truly is a desert island.
几世纪前 在这里发现了一名荷兰水手的日记本
The diary of a Dutch sailor
was found here centuries ago.
在这个无水的荒岛上 他仅仅存活了六个月
He survived just six months
in this waterless place
靠饮用海龟的血来维持生命
drinking the blood of sea turtles to survive.
但另一些漂流者却把阿松森岛变成了永远的家
But some castaways have
made Ascension their permanent home.
阿松森地蟹仅有人类拳头大小
Ascension Iand crabs,
the size of a man's fist
是岛上体型最大的本土动物
are the largest native animals on the island.
幼蟹随洋流漂流到这里
Their larvae drifted here on ocean currents
成年蟹则靠在熔岩原觅食为生
and the adults survived
by foraging on the lava fields.
为了躲避灼热的赤道阳光
To escape the searing equatorial heat
地蟹居住在高处 那里比较凉爽 并能吸收云层中的水汽
the crabs live high up, where it's cooler
and there's moisture from the cIouds.
但它们仍需到海里产卵
But they still have to
lay their eggs in seawater.
因此 母蟹每年都会面对一次前往大海的史诗之旅
So, every year, the female crabs
face an epic journey to the ocean.
为了躲避白天的酷热 它们通常都在夜间行动
To escape the heat of the day,
they travel mostly at night.
几乎所有地蟹都只会去少数几个海滩
Almost all the crabs
head for just a few beaches
也许那是它们幼年时登陆的地方
perhaps the ones where
they first came ashore as youngsters.
对于一些地蟹 这意味着要穿越半个岛屿
For some, that means travelling
half way across the island
相当于人行走一百英里
the equivalent of a person
walking one hundred miles.
它们从在岩石上偶尔凝成的水坑中饮水
They drink from occasional
pools of condensation on the rocks.
它们并非用嘴喝水
They don't drink with their mouths
而是用后腿吸收水分
they absorb water through their rear legs.
黎明来临 它们结束了一周的长途跋涉
Dawn brings an end to their week long trek.
但在旅程收尾阶段 母蟹却避开了海水
But after travelling all this way,
the females avoid the sea.
此时 海水中满是肉食性的鳞鲀
Right now, the sea
is full of predatory trigger fish.
太危险了
It's just too risky.
因此地蟹聚集在海滩边缘的洞穴里 躲避阳光
So the crabs gather in caves
at the edge of the beach, sheltered from the sun
等候夜晚来临
and wait for night fall.
洞穴内充满了熟睡的地蟹轻柔的声音
The cave is filled
with a gentle sound of sleeping crabs.
夜晚 鳞鲀准备去睡觉了
The trigger fish are ready
to turn in for the night.
在这里几乎没有捕食者 因此它们都睡在明处
They have few predators here,
so they sleep out in the open.
但阿森松岛的海滩正被巨浪和洋流席卷
But the coasts of Ascension are swept
by powerful swells and currents
因此它们必须有所防备
so they must take precautions.
背鳍处的鳍刺原本进化用于抵御捕食者
The spike and the dorsal fin originally evolved
as a defence against predators.
此时它们用鳍刺把自己锲入安全区域
They use it to wedge themselves
securely into place.
鳞鲀们睡着了
The trigger fish are sleeping.
新月升起之前
It's just before new moon.
正是地蟹一直等待的时机
Exactly the conditions the crabs
have been waiting for.
新月带来了强劲的潮汐
The new moon brings powerful tides
which will carry their young far out to sea.
它们全力抖动 让海浪卷走它们的卵
At the edge of the surf,
a vigorous shake dislodges their eggs.
一大群小鼹蟹从沙子里爬出来 尽情享用这些蟹卵
Swarms of tiny mole crabs emerge
from beneath the sand to feast on the eggs
但这里地蟹数量太多 它们数百万的后代仍会漂向大海
But there are so many land crabs
that millions of their progeny will make it to the sea.
它们会被海岛周围涌出的营养所哺育
They'll be sustained by the nutrients
welling up around the island.
几周之后 一些幼蟹就会返回岸边
And in a few weeks,
some will return to land
再次扮演这个神奇岛屿的新移♥民♥
re-enacting the colonisation
of this extraordinary island.
如果由火山喷发形成的岛屿靠近大♥陆♥
Where volcanic forces have created
islands cIoser to continents
那里生命的机遇也更多
the opportunities for life are far greater.
费尔南多·迪·诺罗尼亚岛
Just over two hundred miles
off the coast of Brazil
距离巴西海岸仅二百英里
lies Fernando de Noronha.
这个岛屿边缘陡峭 从海床之上拔起四千米
This steep sided island rises
four thousand metres from the sea fIoor
它位于大西洋中脊的一个分支
on an off shoot of the mid Atlantic ridge.
费尔南多岛与阿森松岛类似 也是一个新生的岛屿
Fernando is a young island,
like Ascension
但相似之处仅此而已
but there, the similarity ends.
巴西距离这里很近 使得很多种子得以飘落到岛上