大西洋：地球最狂野的海洋（2015）

酷热也产生了大风
The intense heat fuels powerful winds
从沙漠向西直吹入大西洋
which blow out from the desert
and west into the Atlantic.
信风
The trade winds.
信风首先在非洲海岸线以外
They first hit land
four hundred miles off the African coast
四百英里处的佛得角群岛登陆
in the Cape Verde archipelago.
被风支配着的荒凉岛屿
Desert islands, dominated by the wind.
这里的居民与风和海都有着紧密的联♥系♥
The people here have an intimate relationship
with both wind and sea.
他们用旧塑料袋来缝补船帆
They stitch their sails from old plastic sacks.
渔民泽维尔对风有种直觉
Head fisherman, Sévère
has an instinct for the wind.
这决定了出海会成功还是失败
It's all that stands between
a successful trip and disaster.
渔民们会深入大西洋捕鱼
The fishermen sail far out into the Atlantic.
每次出海都需要一个星期或更久
Each trip can take a week or more.
渔民们只能依靠海风
The men are dependant on the wind.
如果风出了问题 他们或许就无法回家
If it fails, they might not get home.
一次成功的出海后 渔民们回家了
After a successful trip,
the fishermen turn for home.
信风继续向西吹着 横扫大西洋
But the trade winds blow on,
driving west across the ocean.
风吹过时 能带走海面上的湿气
As they move, they pick up moisture
from the sea below.
到了五月 太阳的热量每天能蒸发
By May, the sun's heat evaporates
billions of tonnes of water
海面上数十亿吨♥海水
from the ocean's surface, every day.
雨云形成 并由着信风将其吹向西方
Clouds build, and the trade winds
sweep them west.
当云最终到达加勒比海时
when they finally reach the Caribbean
这片天堂迎来了最重要的资源
they bring a vital resource to paradise. . .
雨水
. . .rain.
雨水把泥土从陆地冲刷到海里
The rain washes mud from land to sea
红树林的根部减缓了泥流
and here,
the mangrove roots slow the flow
淤泥在此沉积
and the sediment settles.
淤泥滋养了红树林 树根则作为过滤器
The mud nourishes the mangroves
and the roots act as a filter.
确保了加勒比海域
ensuring the waters in the Caribbean
清澈透明
remain crystal clear.
六月来临 日照达到了顶峰
It's June and the sun is at its height.
雨云迅速蒸发
The clouds soon burn away.
很快 积聚的热量 将会挑战许多生活在此的生物的极限
Soon, the building heat will test many
of the creatures that live here to their Iimits.
但暂时 生活还是很美好
But for now, life is good.
巴哈马附近的海域 年轻的海豚组成了一个族群
Off the Bahamas,
adolescent dolphins have formed a group.
它们长出了最初的斑点 也是它们开始独♥立♥生活的标志
They're getting their first spots,
a sign of their new found independence.
如今它们已经断奶 必须自己捕食
Now they've been weaned,
they must hunt for themselves.
对于海豚 捕食意味着团队协作
And for dolphins,
hunting means teamwork.
它们围堵了一条不幸的鲀鱼 但海豚不打算吃掉它
The group have cornered an unlucky filefish,
but they don't plan to eat it.
海豚的叫声
DOLPHIN NOISES
小海豚们轮流驱赶着鲀鱼 发出激烈的交流声
The youngsters take turns to herd the fish,
communicating in intense bursts.
这不仅仅是玩耍
More than just play
小海豚们正学习协调行动 团队作战
the youngsters are learning to coordinate
their movements and work as a unit.
鲀鱼走运了 海豚厌倦了这场游戏
Fortunately for the fish,
they tire of their game.
团队协作的能力对生存至关重要
Their ability to work together
will be crucial to their survivaI.
盛夏时节 阳光和热量引起了植物的繁盛
In midsummer, the heat and light
drives an explosion of plant life.
海草每天能生长三厘米
The sea grass is growing
by three centimetres a day.
对于海牛无疑是个好消息
Good news for the manatee.
但它的后背也长了一层厚厚的海藻
But there are also thick patches
of algae growing on her back.
不用费事 它就在附近找了一块
Conveniently, she's found a place nearby
可以“搓背”的地方
where she can get a back scrub.
在珊瑚礁沿线 鹦哥鱼建立起了清洁站
Alongside the reef, young parrotfish
have set up a cleaning station.
鹦哥鱼得到了食物 海牛也得到了清洁
The fish get a meal, and she gets cleaned.
现在 它能回去安然进食了
Now, she can go back
to the serious business of eating.
热带的阳光把生机带向它所及之处
The tropical sunlight brings life
to everything it touches.
在巴哈马的这个海岸潟湖内 另一种动物也在尽情享受着阳光
In this coastal lagoon in the Bahamas,
another animal can't get enough of it.
虽然看似游得很慢 但这只朝天水母却正在赶路途中
It may be moving slowly,
but this cassiopea jellyfish is in a hurry.
它要奔赴一场日光浴派对
It's on its way to a sunbathing party
每天 数百只朝天水母聚集在最安静 阳光最灿烂的地方
Every day, hundreds of cassiopea
cluster in the calmest, sunniest spots.
这些水母以阳光为生
These are solar powered jellyfish.
它们的触须上长有以阳光为能源的海藻
There are algae that live just beneath
their tentacles which feed on the sun.
它们进行光合作用 合成的营养能为朝天水母提供食物
They photosynthesise and the nutrients they make
are food for the cassiopea.
一个互利双赢的合作
An arrangement that benefits both sides.
水母获得免费食物 海藻获得移♥动♥温室
The jellyfish get free food,
the algae get their own mobile greenhouses
确保其能接受日照
guaranteeing them a place in the sun.
这些水母极少需要捕食
These jellyfish rarely need to hunt
明媚的阳光加上身上的海藻 它们茁壮成长
with bright sunlight
and algae on board, they thrive.
它们日落而息 第二天又是一场日光浴
And when the sun sets, they will rest,
ahead of another hard day's sunbathing.
夜幕落下 太阳的能量消失了
As evening falls, the sun loses its power.
但在这个时节 它的影响力能持续到午夜
But at this time of the year,
its influence persists far into the night.
夜晚 潟湖内的红树林经历着一场神奇的转变
After dark, the mangrove lagoons
undergo a magical transformation.
而来自伯利兹的渔民克利福德正打算利用这场转变
Something that Clifford, a fisherman from Belize,
plans to take advantage of.
一整天 这里的一种水下生物都在吸收太阳的热量
All day long, an underwater life form here
has been harvesting the sun's energy.
现在 这些能量会被释放
Now, that energy will be released.
随着鱼在水中游动 一场“灯光秀”即将上演
As fish move through the water,
they create a light show.
然而并不是鱼在发光 是某些更小的生物
It's not the fish that are glowing,
it's something much smaller.
这些名为双鞭毛虫的单细胞生物
Tiny, single celled creatures
called dinoflagellates
活跃在红树林潟湖温暖富饶的水中
flourish in the rich, warm waters
of the mangrove lagoons
一旦被扰动 它们就会发光
And when they're disturbed, they glow.
生物荧光
Bioluminescence.
一种吓退捕食者的手段
A shock, to warn off predators.
它们的能量来源于阳光
They're charged up by sunlight
因此日照越长 荧光越强
so the longer the days,
the more intense the glow.
借着这种强劲的生物荧光 克利福德可以在黑暗中捕鱼
The bioluminescence is so powerful
that Clifford can fish in the dark.
在更远的加勒比海珊瑚礁那里
Further out to sea,
on the Caribbean's reefs
有另一场奇特的夜场秀
there's another extraordinary
night time display.
显示出太阳的能量把珊瑚礁内的生态系统推至极限
A sign that the sun's power is now pushing
the reef's ecosystem into overdrive.
看似不像 但这确实是珊瑚
It may not look like it, but this is a coral.
科学家认为它们发光的作用等同于防晒霜
Scientists believe its glowing
is an equivalent of sunscreen.
珊瑚的细胞内长有海藻
Corals have algae, living in their cells.
通过光合作用 它们能为珊瑚提供食物
As these photosynthesise,
they produce food for the coral.
但过强的紫外线会伤害它们
But too much ultraviolet light
can damage them
因此珊瑚需要自我保护
so the corals protect themselves.
这种特殊的蛋白质能吸收紫外光
A special protein absorbs the ultraviolet light
并放射出另一种颜色的光
and reemits light of another colour.
白天 过强的阳光掩盖了这种现象
By day, the sun is too bright
for this to be visible
但夜晚 珊瑚上的蓝♥光♥显示了它们的荧光反应
but shining blue light on the corals at night
shows their fluorescent response.
当盛夏的阳光无法躲避时
It's a much needed defence mechanism
when there is no escape
这变成了亟需的防御机制
from the midsummer's sun.
现在是八月
It's now August.
水温升到了二十九摄氏度
Water temperatures
have hit twenty-nine degrees.
许多生物在阴凉处寻找庇护
Many creatures seek refuge in the shade.
在大开曼岛 数百万条银汉鱼聚集在珊瑚礁下的洞穴内
In Grand Cayman, millions of silversides