大西洋：地球最狂野的海洋（2015）

These two are squabbling
over the remains of a jellyfish.
到了夏末 小海螯虾蜂拥而至
In late summer,
young lobster krill swarm in vast numbers.
为许多动物提供了大量食物
A plentiful food supplier for many animals.
巴布亚企鹅把自己的繁殖季
Gentoo penguins
time their breeding seasons
安排在与每年食物激增相同的时节
to coincide with this annual explosion of food.
吃饱之后 它们游回了栖息地
Bellies full,
they swim back to their colonies.
每年有超过十万对巴布亚企鹅在福克兰群岛繁育
Over one hundred thousand pairs of gentoos
breed in the Falklands every year.
企鹅父母轮流待在岸上喂养小企鹅
The parents take it in turns
to stay ashore and feed the chicks.
然而小企鹅必须先赶上它们的脚步
Though the chicks will have to catch them first.
最终 父母动了怜悯之心 小企鹅终于吃上了饭
Eventually, the parent relents
and the chick gets it meal
半消化的海螯虾
Semi digested lobster krill.
想要吃第二顿的小企鹅必须等接♥班♥的成年企鹅归来
Anyone wanting seconds has to wait
for the next shift of adults to return
但海浪中潜伏着危险
But danger lurks in the wings.
南海狮在巡视着浅海
Southern Sea Lions patrol the shallows.
企鹅们匆忙逃向海滩
The penguins make a dash for the beach
即使上了岸 它们仍不安全
but they're not safe, even on dry land.
海狮拥有能前后运动的尾部鳍肢
Sea lions have forward facing rear flippers
使得它们能爬上海滩追捕企鹅
which allow them to chase
the penguins up the beach.
也许企鹅年幼时追赶父母的经历
So perhaps all that running
which the penguins did as chicks
终究派上了用场
was useful training after all.
侥幸逃脱
A lucky escape.
然而往返大海的企鹅如此之多
Though with so many penguins
heading to and from the ocean
海狮确信下一餐很快就来
The sea lion is sure
of a meal sometime soon.
福克兰群岛的南部 强劲的绕极环流
South of the Falklands,
the mighty circumpolar current
横扫过地球南端
sweeps on round the planet
给大西洋带来了生机
bringing life to the south Atlantic.
花斑喙头海豚以小鱼和贝类为食
Commerson's dolphins
feed on small fish and shell fish.
座头鲸则以大群磷虾为食
Humpback whales
feed on huge blooms of krill.
海狗也能找到大量的食物
There is plenty of food
for fur seals, too.
这里生物丰富多彩
There is life here in abundance
有一个极为特别的岛屿 它周围的海域更是物种繁多
and nowhere more than in the waters
around one very special island.
这就是南乔治亚岛
South Georgia
长约一百英里 宽约十五英里
one hundred miles long
and about fifteen miles wide
它是一条山脉的顶点 正处于绕极环流之中
it is the top of a mountain range that sits
in the full force of the circumpolar current.
尽管拥有严寒与风暴 这里仍然是生命的热区
Despite freezing temperatures
and brutal storms, this is a hot spot for life.
该岛的陡峭边缘能把富含营养的绕极环流引到海面
The island's steep sides divert nourishing water
from the circumpolar current, up to the surface.
即使在夏季 这里的海水温度也极少超过五摄氏度
Sea temperatures here seldom rise
above five degrees Celsius, even in summer.
同时冷水中富含赖以生存的氧气
And cold water is rich in life-giving oxygen.
丰饶的海水养育了近一千五百种生物
These fertile seas support
nearly fifteen hundred species.
许多动物来这里繁殖
Many come here to breed.
企鹅
Penguins.
海豹
Seals.
甚至还有一种食肉鸭 南乔治亚岛针尾鸭
And even a meat eating duck,
the South Georgia Pintail.
每两年 漂泊信天翁都会来这里休息
Every two years, wandering Albatrosses
take a break from life on the wing.
许多信天翁来南乔治亚岛繁殖
Many come to South Georgia to breed.
这里极少有陆地捕食者能偷去它们珍贵的蛋
Here, there are very few ground predators
to steal their valuable eggs.
待在巢里长达九个月之后 雏鸟笨拙地试飞
After a marathon nine months on the nest,
the chick will make its first clumsy attempt
准备一生的飞行生活
at a life in the air.
不出所料 人类很快从南乔治亚岛的富足中牟利
Unsurprisingly, humans were quick to cash in
on South Georgia's richness.
库克船长于1775年发现了这座岛屿
Captain Cook discovered the island in 1775
并汇报了这里丰富的野生资源
and sent home reports of the abundant wildlife.
猎人们接踵而至 屠♥杀♥海狗和象海豹 剥取皮毛
Hunters soon followed, slaughtering fur seals
and elephant seas for their skins.
其后的五十年间 超过一百万张皮毛被取走
Over the next fifty years,
more than a million pelts were taken
这里的海狗几近灭绝
and fur seals nearly went extinct here.
二十世纪初 捕鲸船也来到这里
Whalers arrived at the start
of the twentieth century.
捕获迅速增长 但捕鲸业却继而崩溃
Harvests quickly grew,
but then the industry collapsed.
在1965年 人们终于意识到捕杀必须停止
In 1965, people finally realised
that the hunting had to stop
岛上留下一片死寂
and the island was left eerily empty.
但是岛屿周围海域的开♥发♥仍在继续
But exploitation of the seas
around the island continued
岛上的信天翁遭受了灭顶之灾
with devastating effects
on the island's Albatrosses.
二十世纪六十年代 工业化捕鱼开始兴盛
Industrial scale fishing
began in earnest in the 1960's.
拖网渔船捕获了大量的浔鳕和南极冰鱼
Trawlers hauIed in massive catches
of rock cod and ice fish.
捕鱼业的扩张毫无节制
The industry expanded,
without management or regulation.
二十世纪八十年代 渔船开始采用延绳捕鱼 鱼钩上使用乌贼作为诱饵
By the 1980's, ships had began long lining,
using hooks baited with squid.
数以千计的信天翁死于延绳鱼钩之下
Thousands of Albatrosses were killed
on the long lines of hooks.
但如今 有了希望
But today, there is hope.
这些延绳钓船看似一样
These long liners look the same
但如今已采取了强制性措施 以降低信天翁的死亡率
but now, there are compulsory measures
in place to reduce Albatross deaths
沉重的鱼绳只能在夜间放置
Heavily weighted fishing lines can be set
only under cover of darkness
因此鸟无法看到诱饵钩
so the birds can't see the baited hooks.
当渔民们拖拽鱼绳时
And when they're hauling in their lines
他们会挂起彩旗带 以阻止鸟接近诱饵
the fishermen put out streamers,
to deter the birds from approaching the hooks.
这些渔船收集的数据
The data that these ships collect
会直接反馈给管理渔业部门的科学家
is fed directly back to the scientists
that manage the fishery.
这种合作能抑制漂泊信天翁数量的下降
A partnership that is helping arrest the decline
of the wandering Albatross.
如果世界上其他渔船队也能如法炮制
If the rest of the world's
fishing fleets follow suit
这些神奇的鸟就有了希望
then there is hope for these wonderful birds.
如今 南乔治亚岛又恢复了生机
Today, South Georgia is coming back to life.
鲸群回归 绕极环流为其提供食物
Whales are returning,
fed by the circumpolar current.
冬去夏来
And as winter turns to summer
岛屿也随之改变
the island is transformed.
旧时猎杀鲸鱼和海豹的基地被自然重新占据
The old whaling and sealing bases
have been repossessed by nature.
一艘捕鲸船如今成了蓝眼鸬鹚的筑巢地
A whaling ship,
imperial Shags now nest on it.
海狗则在水下的残骸里玩耍
And below,
fur seals play in the wreckage.
在所有被猎杀几近灭绝的动物中
Of all the animals that were
nearly hunted out of existence
南极海狗的数量恢复最为显著
the Antarctic furl seal has made
the most remarkable come back.
如今 世界上90%的海狗群
Today, ninety per cent
of the world's population
都来到这座岛上繁殖
come to this island to breed.
数量可达惊人的三百万头
A staggering three million individuals.
近五十万头南象海豹也会来到这里
Nearly half a million southern
elephant seals also come here.
占世界数量的一半
Half the world's population.
这里有着世界上最密集的海洋哺乳动物群
Here is the greatest mass
of marine mammals anywhere on earth.
海滩上挤满了五十万只摩肩接踵正在筑巢的企鹅
The beaches are packed shoulder to shoulder
with half a million nesting penguins.
在南乔治亚岛上发现了八十七种鸟类
Eighty seven species of bird
can be found in South Georgia
包括四种不同的信天翁
including four different type of Albatross.
这群超凡的动物就这样
It's an extraordinary mass of animals
生活在一个寒冷偏僻 风雨飘摇的岛上
on a lonely island in a cold,
storm-tossed ocean.
比起大西洋的其他地方
More than anywhere else in the Atlantic
南乔治亚岛更好地展示了从海床隆起的山脉
South Georgia reveals how mountains,
rearing up from the sea floor
是如何把这片蓝色荒漠
can transform a lifeless blue desert
变为生命绿洲的
into an oasis.