大西洋：地球最狂野的海洋（2015）

All around the ocean, from Canada,
lceland, France, and the British lsles
顶风冒雨 出海捕鱼 获取丰收
men and women brave the elements
and head out to harvest the seas.
苏格兰船长戴维·米尔恩在大西洋上捕鱼已有三十五年
Scottish Skipper, Davey Milne,
has been fishing the Atlantic for thirty-five years
却依然敬畏着大西洋的力量
and is still in awe of its power.
我对这片海洋充满敬意
DAVEY:
l've a great respect for the sea.
与大西洋相比 我们只是一个小浴盆 它太宽广了
We're in just like a bathtub really,
compared with the Atlantic ocean. It's massive.
戴维驾驶着他的渔船深入这片他熟悉的海域
Davey is skippering his bathtub
into waters he knows well
但他依然使用最先进的声呐和雷达 帮助他寻找鱼群
but he still makes use of the latest sonar
and radar to help find the fish
同时监视着即将到来的天气
and keep an eye on
what the elements have in store.
海风推动着温暖的湾流从美国而来
The weather comes from the west,
brought by the same winds
也同样从西边带来了风雨
that blow the warm Gulf Stream waters
over from the Americas.
戴维和他的六名船员
Davey and his crew of six
寻找着洋流 把营养物质带向海面最剧烈的区域
seek out the places where the current
drives the nutrients most strongly to the surface
那里就是最富饶的渔场
creating the most fertile fishing grounds.
但在这片富饶的海域捕鱼是一项非常危险的工作
But fishing these rich waters
is a very dangerous job.
每年在这里都有渔民丧命
Trawlermen lose their lives
every year while here.
对于戴维和他的船员
For Davey and his crew
每天都要与地球上最恶劣的环境战斗
it's a daily battle with one of the most
hostile environments on Earth
狂风吹过两千英里的海面
winds blowing
over two thousand miles of ocean
在大西洋上卷起高耸的漩涡 比一栋房♥子还高
build up towering Atlantic swells,
taller than a house.
但对于这些渔民而言 这只是一个正常的工作日
But for these fishermen,
this is just a typical day at the office.
戴维努力维持着船身平稳
Davey fights to keep the boat steady
同时装满十五吨♥鱼的渔网
while the massive net,
filled with up to fifteen tonnes of fish
被甲板上的船员拽拉进船
is hauled in by the men on deck.
渔获大部分是黑线鳕 偶尔会有巨大的大西洋鳕
The catch is mostly haddock,
with the occasional huge cod.
渔民们的捕捞有着严格的配额
Trawlermen have to work to strict quotas
而关于他们应该捕捞多少的争论一直在激烈地进行
while arguments rage about
how much fish they should be taking
而今天 他们恐怕一条更多的鱼都无法捕获了
Today though, they'll be lucky
to take any more fish at all.
从北极而来的风暴 席卷过加拿大海岸
Off the coast of Canada,
a storm has swept down from the Arctic.
风暴气旋被吹向欧洲 在大洋中肆虐
The spiral of storm clouds has been
blown towards Europe, whipping up the seas.
波涛渐渐变得汹涌 船长开始更加频繁地监视着西方的地平线
As the swell builds, the skipper starts
to monitor the western horizon more closely.
戴维很快需要做出一个决定
Davey will soon have a decision to make
什么时候环境会变得太过凶险 无法捕捞
when the conditions get too dangerous
to carry on fishing.
你需要时刻有主见 船员的生命掌握在你的手中
DAVEY: You've always to be mindful
you've men's lives in your hands, basically.
只要一个大浪 你就会消失不见
And. . . it only takes one large
lump of sea and you're gone.
海风越大 海浪越强
Stronger winds mean bigger waves.
海员们自有描述海洋汹涌程度的方法
Seamen have a way to describe
how rough the sea is.
他们称之为“海况”
They call it the sea state.
通常状况下是五级大浪 六级巨浪或者七级狂浪
DAVEY: You'll usually get rough,
very rough, or high.
然后是九级怒涛
Then you get phenomenal.
再之后就是九级怒涛以上了
And phenomenal's, phenomenal! Heh, heh.
风暴成长得很快
The storm has grown very quickly
到达大西洋中部时 达到了飓风的等级
the winds reaching
hurricane strength by mid-Atlantic.
这种快速形成的强力风暴被称为“气象炸♥弹♥”
Powerful storms that form this fast
are called weather bombs
它们会使渔民措手不及
and they can catch fishermen off-guard.
即便在渔民们看来 这种天气也足够恶劣
This is rough,
even by trawlermen standards.
戴维明白在他正下方就有大量的鱼群
Davey knows there are masses of fish
right beneath him
但他必须评估在此停留的风险
but he has to weigh up the risks
of staying out.
他决定返航
He decides to turn back.
把船转向 侧身面对海浪是最危险的动作
Turning side on to the waves is just about
the most dangerous manoeuvre a boat can make.
这时候就需要你的航海技术
DAVEY:
And that's when your seamanship comes in.
你需要做出决定
You make a decision. . .
而且一定得是正确的决定 因为没有犯错的空间
you make a decision and it's gotta be right.
There's no room for error.
戴维的渔船并非是在风暴前夕唯一返航的船只
Davey's ship isn't the only one heading home
through the gathering storm.
当渔民们到达他们的避风港时
As the trawlermen make it
to the shelter of their harbour
暴风正撞击着海岸线
the storm crashes into the coastline.
整个冬秋两季 风暴在欧洲肆虐
Through Autumn and winter,
storms batter Europe.
爱尔兰的海岸首当其冲
Nowhere feels their force more
than the coast of lreland.
高达两百米的莫赫悬崖被海浪猛烈拍打着
Reaching up to over two hundred metres,
the Cliffs of Moher
每次巨浪都裹挟着超过一千吨♥海水
are pummelled by over
a thousand tonnes of water in every wave.
如若能加以利用 仅一次风暴的能量
If you could harness the energy
of just one storm
就足够正英国的冬季所需
it could power the whole
of the UK for the winter.
但没有人能够接近并利用这些能量
But no one's come close to harnessing this.
风暴能带来大规模的毁灭 但被搅动的海水也将
Storms bring destruction on a huge scale,
but the churning seas bring up nutrients
在夏季滋养大批浮游生物繁盛的营养物质卷起
which drive huge Summer plankton blooms
而这对于不列颠群岛的海洋生命至关重要
crucial for the marine life of the British lsles.
十米长的姥鲨从深海中游上来
Ten metre long basking sharks swim up
from the depths of the ocean.
它们是世界上第二大的鱼类 只以微小的浮游生物为食
Second largest fish in the world,
they feed on nothing but tiny plankton.
数以百万的各种海鸟繁衍生息
Seabirds thrive,
breeding in their millions.
成群的海鹦从过冬的自♥由♥水域飞来
Puffins flock in from the open ocean,
where they've spent the winter.
它们在悬崖洞穴内哺育下一代
They raise their young at cliff top burrows
白天在富饶的海洋里捕鱼
fishing by day in the fertile seas.
今天的大餐是满嘴的鲱鱼
Today's meal is a beak full of sprats.
对于那些勇敢地穿越了大西洋风暴的旅行者而言 这里也有丰盛的食物
And there's plenty of food, too, for travellers
who have braved the stormy Atlantic crossing.
一些在加勒比海过冬的座头鲸
Some of the humpback whales,
who spent the Winter in the Caribbean
在夏季来到爱尔兰海岸觅食
feed off the coast of lreland in the Summer.
湾流激起风暴 给这片海域带来了丰富的营养
The Gulf Stream helps to whip up
the storms that make these waters so rich
而巨大的洋流也同样带来了热量
but the great current also brings warmth.
到达欧洲时 湾流开始分支
As it approaches Europe,
the Gulf Stream splits.
一部分温暖的海水向南流向非洲
Part of the warm water
flows south towards Africa
剩余的支流 即北大西洋洋流向北流经欧洲海岸
but the rest, now known as the North Atlantic Current,
flows north, past the shores of Europe.
不列颠群岛附近海域的水温
The sea off the British lsles
比大西洋同纬度另一侧的海域水温高出十度
is ten degrees warmer than at the same latitude
at the other side of the Atlantic.
因此在这里繁盛的动物在遥远的南方更为常见
So animals thrive here that are
usually more at home further south.
比如粉海扇 以及欧洲乌贼
Like a pink sea fan
and the European cuttlefish.
这些乌贼和章鱼的近亲
These close relatives of squid and octopus
每年夏天在英格兰南部海域繁殖
breed in the waters off
southern England every Summer.
相比过去 人们现在认为暖流
The warm current is now thought
to have less influence
对不列颠群岛陆地气温的影响较小
on land temperatures in the British lsles
than people used to believe.
对冬季气温带来的提升仅一两度
Adding perhaps just a degree or two
to Winter temperatures.
但在更远的北部 它却有着重要的影响
But further north, it has a significant effect.
在横跨大西洋的洋流以及与之相伴的西风
Norway's five to ten degrees warmer
than other places at the same latitude
共同作用下 挪威的气温
because of a combination of the ocean current
and the warm westerly winds
比同纬度的其他地区要高出五到十摄氏度
that have blown with it,
across the Atlantic.
当洋流流向更远的北方 深入北极圈
Those winds are no longer
the only thing driving the current
直到寒冷的北冰洋边缘时
as it flows on even further north,
far beyond the Arctic Circle
这些海风将不再是它动力的唯一来源