全球变化最快的地方（2012）

白马村 一个中国偏远西部的农村
White Horse Village, a farming community deep in Western China.
几百年来 这里的生活几乎一成不变
Life here hasn't changed much for hundreds of years
而现在 却面临着历史的巨变
but now it faces transformation on an epic scale.
村庄将被拆毁 为城市发展让路
The village is to be destroyed to make way for a city.
这里要讲述的是 一个家庭被变革所颠覆
This is the story of a family torn apart by change.
你就告诉我只能在家里苦苦地辛苦等待
就是这么苦 你才晓得
一位农民试图
A farmer trying to forge
在中国无情的经济浪潮中建立自己的商业帝国
a business empire in China's ruthless economy.
一起来做那些不正当的事 欺负百姓
一位党委书♥记♥必须
And the communist party secretary who has to convince
说服村民舍弃他们曾经的生活方式
the villagers to give up their way of life forever.
第一批这样 第二批这样 第三批还是这样
不接受 政♥府♥根本不听我们的意见
这一历经六年拍摄而成的故事
Filmed over six years,
是全中国千千万万村庄的缩影
it's a story being replicated in thousands of villages all over China.
人类历史上最大规模的城市化
The biggest urbanisation in human history
一切为了发展的必胜信念
and a giant leap of faith in the name of progress.
全球变化最快的地方
我断断续续在中国生活和工作了近30年
I've lived and worked in China on and off for nearly 30 years
当我开始拍摄白马村的故事时
and when I started filming in White Horse Village
这里不过是中国赤贫的角落之一
it was just another dirt poor corner of the country.
农民用双手在地里刨食
Farmers working small plots by hand,
指望着养猪养蚕 年收入2000人♥民♥币
counting themselves lucky to earn 200 pounds a year
就算丰年了
from selling pigs or silkworms.
十年前 中国政♥府♥启动了
A decade ago, the Chinese government embarked
一项雄心勃勃的工程
on an ambitious piece of social engineering.
实施西部大开♥发♥
The plan was to drive development west
让成千上万的农村进入现代化
to modernise thousands of rural communities.
白马村就是其中之一
White Horse Village was on the list.
这个数百年历史的偏僻村庄
After centuries as a rural backwater,
注定要在短短几年内变成高楼林立的城市
it was destined to become a high-rise city in a few short years.
译者注：此地图有严重问题 非中国标准地图
中国的人力和物力集中在
China's power and wealth are concentrated
沿海大城市
in its coastal mega-cities.
而白马村坐落于千里之外的
White Horse Village lies a thousand miles inland,
偏僻小城巫溪县
in remote Wuxi County.
现在面临的挑战是要将中国经济的成功
Now the challenge is to bring China's economic success
惠及内陆地区
to the hinterland.
2006年
小张是一名32岁的农民 种稻 养猪
Xiao Zhang is 32 and she's a rice and pig farmer,
生活正如她母亲一样
just like her mother before her.
她家住在村头 有两个孩子
She lives on the outskirts of the village with her two children,
阳阳和佩佩
Yang Yang and Pei Pei
快点薅
扯猪草
学会扯猪草 扯得快点
她的丈夫在北♥京♥的一家工厂工作
Her husband works in a factory in Beijing.
所以小张要自己一个人养育孩子
So Xiao Zhang is bringing up her children alone
同时照料公婆
as well as caring for her in-laws.
没钱买♥♥食物
There's no money to buy food,
所有吃的东西都要靠她自己种
so she has to grow everything they eat.
你对地有感情吗
非常辛苦地工作 赚不了多少钱
边带孩子边挣钱
边种地什么的
一天到晚非常辛苦 早上得早起 晚归
所以你宁愿做什么
想出去打工
或者做一点什么小生意
让孩子上大学 去城里找一个工作
不像我们这样辛苦
那是最完美
这就是小张渴望她和孩子能过上的生活
This is the life Xiao Zhang wants for herself and her children.
东部沿海城市
The cities of the east coast.
上亿的农民聚集在此
Hundreds of millions of farmers flock here
在市场大潮中寻找工作
for jobs in the money economy.
现在 政♥府♥想要逆转这一趋势
Now the government wants to reverse that tide by bringing
方法就是将农村城市化
the cities to the countryside instead,
将五亿农民变为城市消费群体
turning half a billion farmers into urban consumers,
以优化财富分配
hoping to spread the wealth
解除中国对西方市场的依赖
and cure China's dependence on western markets.
但对于那些从未离开过白马村的人来说
But for those who've never left White Horse Village
这一切都是难以想像的
all of this is unimaginable.
我都60了 当了一辈子的农民
I'm in my 60s and I've been a farmer all my life.
我不会做生意 现在也学不会了
I don't know how to do business and I can't start now.
我们不知道什么发展计划
We don't know anything about the plans for development.
他们说 我们不得不卖♥♥掉家园 不得不
They told us we have to sell and that we'll have to rely
依赖政♥府♥的财政补贴
on financial support from the government.
村庄必须要为城市建设让路
The village must go to make way for the city
而这个人必须要去传达这一命令
and this is the man who must deliver the orders.
向财国恰生于
Xiang Caiguo was born
1949年的共♥产♥革命之后
just after the Communist revolution of 1949,
共♥产♥党造就了如今的他
and the party has shaped his life.
他成长于毛♥泽♥东♥时代 参过军
He grew up under Chairman Mao and he served in the Red Army.
二十年来
For the last 20 years,
他一直担任白马村的党委书♥记♥
he's been White Horse Village's communist party secretary.
这工作挺艰巨
It's a hard job
既要执行上面的命令
because I have to carry out orders from above.
下边群众的意见 我也要听
On the other hand, I have to listen to ordinary people
解决他们的问题
and find solutions to their problems.
共♥产♥党的立业之本是农民斗争
For a party that was founded to fight for the peasants
然而古怪的是
it's awkward that the cities
从中国的发展中获益的却是城市
have benefited so much more from China's growth.
保持政♥治♥稳定必须缩小城乡差异
Political stability depends on closing the gap.
进入城市化生活
把这个迁移的工作
党委书♥记♥必须
It's the party secretary who has
说服村民放弃自己的住♥宅♥
to convince his neighbours to give up their houses.
警♥察♥都来了
那些执法队能起到什么作用呢
故土难离 心疼是很正常的
It's very sad that people have to move.
很多家庭在这片土地上生活了几十年
Many families have been on this land for decades,
甚至数百年
even hundreds of years.
他们会想念这片土地上的生活
They'll miss their old lives here on this land.
新生活不会像务农一样艰苦
The new life can't be as tough as farming.
务农真的是苦活儿
Farming is really hard work.
工作辛苦 收入却低
You have to make a lot of effort for very little reward
实实在在地说 这是事实
and that's a fact.
计划中的巫溪新城
The plan for Wuxi New Town -
这一20万人的城市将要改变山谷旧貌
a city of 200,000 that will transform the valley.
这一远景中不需要农民
Farmers have no place in this vision.
所有的摩天大楼都将建立在某个人的土地上
Every new tower block has to be built on somebody's fields.
政♥府♥和开♥发♥商敲定了协议
Government and developers cutting deals.
在中国 土地是不允许私有的
In China there's no private land ownership.
国家可以任意从农民手里拿走土地
The state can take fields from the farmers at will,
只给极少的补偿
give them minimal compensation
然后再以高达30倍的差价转租给开♥发♥商
and lease the land to developers instead at 30 times the price.
农民认为这很不公平
The farmers think that's unfair.
农业用地和城市用地
永远不在同一个比较范围内
农业每年只能有很微薄的收入
现在政♥府♥补贴给他
通过土地转让
手里有了一定的本钱
他就可以把钱投入其他地方
去做一些其他的事情
山谷中有很多地方已经开始了建设
Construction has already started in some parts of the valley.
这位是谢廷明
This is Xie Ting Ming.
他曾毫不犹豫地
He had no hesitations about
接受对他农田的征地补偿
taking the compensation for his farmland.
43岁时 他是名农民 外来务工者
At 43, he's been a farmer and a migrant worker.
城市规划给了他创业的机会
The plan for a city has given him a chance to start a business
他把自己的补偿款投资于挖掘机了
and he's invested his compensation in a bulldozer.
谢先生努力经营关系
Mr Xie is making friends where it matters.
是可以跟政♥府♥做生意的村民
A villager the government can do business with.
下一步是建房♥子
The next step will be to build houses,
大厦 和公路
high-rise buildings and roads.
这可比当农民赚钱多了
You can make much more money than being a farmer.
我现在有自己的工程了
I've got my own projects now,
但我还入伙了其他人的工程
but I'm also getting involved in other people's projects.
谢先生及其团队工作繁忙
Mr Xie and his team have been busy.
山谷中的大部分土地已经清理好了
Much of the land on the valley floor has already been cleared.
但城市建设的下一步更加艰难
But the next step towards the new city is harder.
村民们虽然并不拥有他们的土地
The villagers may not have owned their fields
但却拥有他们的房♥子
but they do own their houses.
所以他们没那么容易被强制迁出
So they can't be forced out quite so easily.