人工智能的真相（2023）（3）

that was driven by an autonomous vehicle ever.
这真的非常了不起
And that is extraordinary.
这跟我们人类恰恰相反
And it's the exact opposite way to we as humans do it,
因为我们的经验仅限于自己 不会大规模分享
cos we're just ourselves, not sharing at scale.
基于这个了不起的原因
And that is an extraordinary reason
我相信这项技术
why I really believe this technology
将会... -当无人驾驶汽车出错时呢
is going to... - So, when a driverless car makes a mistake?
该信息将在整个汽车群内共享
That would then be shared across the whole fleet
每辆车都会知道
and every vehicle can get an update in the way
而我们人类司机则不会
that we as a human set of drivers can't get an update.
如果在遥远的哥本哈根发生了什么事
You can't get an update, an improvement,
你就无法立即得知并加以改进
because of something that just happened in Copenhagen.
好吧 保罗 感谢分享你的无人驾驶之旅
OK, Paul, thanks for the journey in your car
谢谢你来参加今天的讲座
and thanks for joining us today.
非常感谢
Thank you very much.
现在大家可能还不觉得无人驾驶车是机器人
Now, you might not think of a driverless car as a robot,
但它确实就是
but it really is a robot
它用到了许多先进的科技
and it uses many of the same techniques
在不久的将来 我们在家里和工作场所也会见到
that are going to be used by the robots that we're going to encounter
使用相同技术的机器人
in our homes and our workplaces very soon.
为了更好的了解机器人如何工作
And to see how these robots are going to work,
下面有请来自牛津机器人研究所的
from Oxford Robotics Institute,
莫里斯·法♥伦♥和机器狗点点
please welcome Maurice Fallon and Spot, the robot dog.
欢迎莫里斯 欢迎点点
Welcome, Maurice, and welcome, Spot.
今天稍早 我们放点点在阶梯教室随处走
Now, earlier in the day, we let Spot loose in the lecture theatre
在旁边这位操作员米凯尔的协助下
with the help of its operator, Mikhail, standing over there,
测绘阶梯教室
to map the theatre.
大家可以在影片中看到点点的行动
And on the projector you can see Spot doing that.
莫里斯 请告诉我们 点点是如何对周边环境
So, Maurice, can you tell us, how exactly is Spot mapping
展开测绘的
the space around it?
点点身上装了大量传感器
So, Spot is blessed with a variety of sensors on board.
顶部有激光探测器 就是保罗刚刚
It's got this laser on top, the same kind of sensor that Paul
提到过的那种
was talking about earlier.
它装有许多摄像头
It's got a variety of cameras that
提供360度的视角 所以它能看到地上的障碍物
form a ring around it so it can see obstacles that are in the ground
其腿上装有传感器 所以能行走 -好
and it has a sensor in its legs so it can walk. - Ok.
现在听起来有点像刚才提到的无人驾驶车
Now, that sounds a bit like the driverless cars earlier.
理念相同吗 -非常类似
Is that the same idea? - Very similar.
好 那它在做的事 就是给周围环境
OK. And so what it's doing in this is building up a map
画出一张地图吗
of its environment?
对 它在行走过程中使用传感器
Yeah, it's using the sensors as it walks around to build up
对周围环境建立起数据库
a database of what's around it.
这里可以看到它建立起的数据库
And we have here a view of its database.
可以看到机器狗所搭载的摄像头
You can see the camera feed from the onboard sensor,
传回的画面
the onboard camera on board the robot.
从这里能看到一个俯瞰的视角
And here you can see a kind of view from above
灰色是之前的地图
that shows the prior map in grey
彩色斑点则是那些
and the colorised points are the points
激光探测器正在捕捉的地方
that are being captured right now from the laser.
这些直线则代表
These straight lines indicate
机器人可以选择的
the kind of highway that the robot has,
可通行路径
where it can choose to go to.
点点解读了所有数据
Ok. Now, Spot's interpreted all the data,
就像我们刚刚看到的无人驾驶车一样
just like the driverless cars that we saw earlier on.
人工智能则协助机器狗
And the AI has helped it to build a map
为空阶梯教室画出地图
of the empty lecture theatre.
现在 我们认为点点已经可以
Now, we think at this point, Spot can autonomously
在这个环境中为自己导航
navigate this environment.
今天稍早 我们给点点看了这只球
So, earlier today, we showed Spot this ball here.
这次我居然接住了
Wow, I caught it this time!
我们让点点看到了这颗球的样子
And we showed Spot what this ball looked like.
现在我们要让点点完全自动的
And what we're going to ask Spot to do is to navigate
去找到这只球
to this ball completely autonomously.
过程中不会有任何人员操作
So, not under anybody's control.
好
Ok.
但我们给点点制♥造♥了些难题
But we've made Spot's life a little bit more difficult.
增加了一些障碍物
We've introduced some obstacles.
点点需要弄清楚
Spot's going to have to figure out how to get
如何绕过障碍 及如何通过
around these obstacles and also how to traverse those sleepers
地上的轨枕
on the floor there.
终于 这句台词我已经期待了好几周了
Now, this is, I've been waiting weeks to say this line.
开始
Here we go.
出发 点点 开始搜寻
Go, Spot, fetch!
好的
Ok.
莫里斯 现在它在做什么
Maurice, tell us, what's it doing?
显而易见 它爬上了楼梯
So it's obviously walked up the stairs
并且这次的搜寻已经结束
and got to the end point in its search.
大家看这里的图片
And you can see here a picture,
是向左的相机拍到的图片
the picture from the camera facing to the left.
它已经找到球了
The ball has been spotted.
球外圈了一个框
A box is around the ball.
我们甚至能看到一个百分数
And we have even here a percentage
显示这个物体有多大可能
which corresponds to how confident
就是那只球
we are that it is a ball.
不过这次搜寻真是很严谨
But this is really serious research.
像点点这样的机器人都会应用在哪里呢
So how might robots like Spot actually be used?
比如 检查一所核设施
For example, inspecting a nuclear facility,
这类的工作
that kind of work.
就是说 我们会让点点这样的机器人
So the idea is we'll have robots like Spot
去做一些危险工作
that do dangerous things
因为那些地方对人类可能会有伤害
in places where it would be unsafe to send human beings.
没错 -好的
Exactly. - Ok.
莫里斯 感谢到访 也感谢你 点点
Maurice, thank you so much for coming on, and thank you, Spot!
像点点这样 能定位能走动的人工智能
Artificial intelligence that can navigate the world like Spot
也可以装备武器
might also be equipped with weapons
变成机器士兵
to turn it into a robot soldier.
现在我要说明一下 点点的制♥造♥者们
Now, we should say Spot's manufacturers have a very strict
对于机器人的武器化有着十分严格的政策
policy against weaponising their machines in that way.
但其他机器人公♥司♥则无类似的规定
But other robotics company have no such reservations,
能自动作战
and autonomous fighting machines
自主决定攻击目标的战争机器
that are empowered to decide who to attack
将从根本上改变战争的性质
would fundamentally change the nature of warfare.
包括我在内的诸多人工智能研究者都认为
And many AI researchers, myself included, think this is something
我们永远不该这么做
that we should just never do.
使用致命的自动武器是否合理
Whether it's acceptable to use lethal autonomous weapons
应该是近年人工智能成功所引发的
is probably the single most important and prominent issue
最重要 最尖锐的问题
that's been raised by the recent success of AI.
今天我们请来了一位政♥治♥理论家
So joining us to discuss the possibility of these machines
来探讨智能机器的可能性及其带来的问题
and the issues that they raise is political theorist,
有请伦敦玛丽女王大学的埃尔克·施瓦茨博士
from Queen Mary University of London, Dr Elke Schwarz.
谢谢埃尔克来到现场 -感谢邀请
Elke, thanks for joining us. - Thanks for having me.
我觉得很多听众都认为机器士兵
Now, I think a lot of the audience imagine that robot soldiers,
自动致命武器等 要么只是科幻设定
lethal autonomous weapons is either something in science fiction
要么是未来才会发生的事
or it's some time in the future.
是这样吗
Is that the case?
实际上不是 自动致命武器
Well, no, actually, autonomous weapon systems
已经存在了几十年 至少在七十年代就有
have been around for many decades, at least since the '70s,
非常原始和基础的雏形存在
in a much more rudimentary, basic form.
但装备了人工智能的系统 是新鲜事物
But those systems that are equipped with AI, they are new,
但也是现实存在的东西 我们认为其已经
but they are already here and we think that they're being used
被应用于一些冲突中
in some conflicts already.
真正的问题是 是否有人
But the question really is, is there a human somewhere
在对这种事进行监管督查
overlooking that loop or overseeing that loop?
人们对全自动武器的应用讳莫如深
People are very secretive about full autonomous use.
这是敏感话题 因为现在说不清
It's a delicate subject, because it's not clear at all
此事是法律范畴 还是伦理范畴
whether that's legal or ethical.
我知道你对人工智能在战争中的使用
Now, I know you have lots of concerns about the use
非常担忧
of AI in warfare.
可否与我们分享下你的想法
Can you talk us through some of those?
我们必须知道 战争难以预料
Well, we have to remember, warfare is not predictable.
战争存在诸多偶然因素