监视资本主义：智能陷阱（2020）

-是3小时45分 -那不是…
Three hours and 45 minutes. -That...
我觉得没有… 平均每天？
I don't think that's... No. Per day, on average?
-对 -我现在去拿来吗？
Yeah. -Should I go get it right now?
每一天 我都要提醒我的孩子们
There's not a day that goes by that I don't remind my kids
愉悦和痛苦的平衡
about the pleasure-pain balance,
多巴胺短缺的状态
about dopamine deficit states,
上瘾的风险
about the risk of addiction.
-对 -来揭晓真♥相♥
Moment of truth.
每天2小时50分
Two hours, 50 minutes per day.
-我们看看 -其实 我今天用了很多
Let's see. -Actually, I've been using a lot today.
-过去七天 -可能这就是原因
Last seven days. -That's probably why.
Instagram 6小时13分 好吧 我使用Instagram是最严重的
Instagram, six hours, 13 minutes. Okay, so my Instagram's worse.
我的屏幕彻底碎了
My screen's completely shattered.
谢谢你 卡桑
Thanks, Cass.
“谢谢你 卡桑”是什么意思？
What do you mean, "Thanks, Cass"?
你一直让妈妈担心我们的手♥机♥问题 但其实这根本不是问题
You keep freaking Mom out about our phones when it's not really a problem.
我们吃晚餐不需要手♥机♥
We don't need our phones to eat dinner!
我明白你说的 但这又不是什么大事 没什么啊
I get what you're saying. It's just not that big a deal. It's not.
不是什么大事 那就一周别用手♥机♥
If it's not that big a deal, don't use it for a week.
对
Yeah.
对 其实 如果你能把那东西 收起来一整周…
Yeah, actually, if you can put that thing away for, like, a whole week...
我就给你买♥♥一个新的屏幕
I will buy you a new screen.
-从现在开始吗？ -现在开始
Like, starting now? -Starting now.
好 成交
Okay. You got a deal. -Okay.
好 不过你要放在这里 小朋友
Okay, you gotta leave it here, though, buddy.
好 我把它放进去
All right, I'm plugging it in.
计时开始 我退后了
Let the record show... I'm backing away.
好
Okay.
-计时开始了 -一周
You're on the clock. -One week.
天啊…
my...
你觉得他能做到吗？
Think he can do it?
不知道 走着瞧
I don't know. We'll see.
你吃饭吧 好吗？
Just eat, okay?
美好的家庭晚餐！
Good family dinner!
这些技术产品不是由
These technology products were not designed
努力保护和培育孩子的 儿童心理学家设计的
by child psychologists who are trying to protect and nurture children.
它们的设计 是让这些算法
They were just designing to make these algorithms
非常擅于给你推荐下一个视频
that were really good at recoending the next video to you
非常擅于让你拍照加滤镜
or really good at getting you to take a photo with a filter on it.
（两个赞）
（确定删除吗？否）
（是）
这些东西不仅在控制
It's not just that it's controlling
他们把注意力花在哪里
where they spend their attention.
尤其是社交媒体越来越深入大脑根部
Especially social media starts to dig deeper and deeper down into the brain stem
夺走孩子们的判断力 自我价值和身份
and take over kids' sense of self-worth and identity.
（美化我）
（莉莉：可爱！）
（索薇娅：天啊 好美）
（奥利维亚：你太美了）
（阿瓦：你把耳朵P大了吗？）
（哈哈）
我们进化出 在意我们社群中的其他人…
We evolved to care about whether other people in our tribe...
（布里亚纳：漂亮！）
…是否对我们有好印象的机制 因为这很重要
think well of us or not 'cause it matters.
但我们的进化 需要我们在意 一万个人怎么看我们吗？
But were we evolved to be aware of what 10,000 people think of us?
我们的进化
We were not evolved
不需要每隔五分钟 就获得一次社交认可
to have social approval being dosed to us every five minutes.
这根本不是我们需要去体验的
That was not at all what we were built to experience.
我们管理自己的生活 建立在获得的完美感上
We curate our lives around this perceived sense of perfection
因为爱心、点赞、竖起大拇指 这些短期的信♥号♥♥
because we get rewarded in these short-term signals
给我们奖赏
hearts, likes, thumbs-up
我们把它融合到价值中 融合到真♥相♥中
and we conflate that with value, and we conflate it with truth.
不论是否虚假 易破碎的人气
And instead, what it really is is fake, brittle popularity...
这是短期的 你需要承认 这让你更加
that's short-term and that leaves you even more, and admit it,
空虚 于是会再次这样做
vacant and empty before you did it.
因为这样 它会将你逼入这样一个恶性循环
Because then it forces you into this vicious cycle
你会想：“我接下来要做什么？ 因为我还想要这种感觉”
where you're like, "What's the next thing I need to do now? 'Cause I need it back."
想一下 这种现象被20亿人复杂化
Think about that compounded by two billion people,
然后想一下 之后人们 会怎样回应别人对自己的看法
and then think about how people react then to the perceptions of others.
真的… 真的很恶劣
It's just a... It's really bad.
真的太恶劣了
It's really, really bad.
美国青少年群体中
There has been a gigantic increase
出现了大幅增长的抑郁和焦虑
in depression and anxiety for American teenagers
大概就在2011年到2013年开始的
which began right around... between 2011 and 2013.
这个国家中 每十万名少女中
The number of teenage girls out of 100,000 in this country
每年因为割腕或者自残
who were admitted to a hospital every year
进医院接受治疗的人数
because they cut themselves or otherwise harmed themselves,
在2010年到2011年是非常平稳的
that number was pretty stable until around 2010, 2011,
在那之后 直线上升
and then it begins going way up.
大一点的少女中 增加了62%
It's up 62 percent for older teen girls.
（美国非致命性自残住院人数）
进入青春期前的少女 增加了1♥8♥9♥% 将近三倍了
It's up 1♥8♥9♥ percent for the preteen girls. That's nearly triple.
更可怕的是 自杀也呈现出相同的趋势
Even more horrifying, we see the same pattern with suicide.
（美国自杀率 每百万女孩死亡人数）
大一点的少女 15到19岁
The older teen girls, 15 to 19 years old,
与本世纪初相比 增长了70%
they're up 70 percent, compared to the first decade of this century.
青春期前的少女 最开始的比率非常低
The preteen girls, who have very low rates to begin with,
现在增长了151%
they are up 151 percent.
这个增长模式 指向了社交媒体
And that pattern points to social media.
（2009年手♥机♥上的社交媒体数量）
Z代人 1996年之后那会儿出生的孩子们
Gen Z, the kids born after 1996 or so,
那些孩子们是历史上第一代
those kids are the first generation in history
在初中开始使用社交媒体的
that got on social media in middle school.
他们的时间 花在了哪里？
How do they spend their time?
他们放学回家 就拿起手♥机♥
They come home from school, and they're on their devices.
整个一代人都更加焦虑 更加脆弱、更加抑郁
A whole generation is more anxious, more fragile, more depressed.
他们更不愿意冒险
They're much less comfortable taking risks.
他们拿到驾照的比率下降了
The rates at which they get driver's licenses have been dropping.
出去约会过的人数
The number who have ever gone out on a date
有过任何形式浪漫互动的人数骤减
or had any kind of romantic interaction is dropping rapidly.
整个一代人 有了真正的改变
This is a real change in a generation.
别忘了 这些人中的每一个 每一个住院的人
And remember, for every one of these, for every hospital admission,
背后都有一个受伤的、惊恐的家庭
there's a family that is traumatized and horrified.
“天啊 我的孩子们怎么了？”
"My God, what is happening to our kids?"
在我看来 问题很显而易见
It's plain as day to me.
这些服务正在杀人 也在导致人们自杀
These services are killing people... and causing people to kill themselves.
我不认识哪个家长会说 “是 我希望我的孩子们 成长过程中
I don't know any parent who says, "Yeah, I really want my kids to be growing up
感觉被技术设计师操控
feeling manipulated by tech designers,
操控他们的注意力 让他们无法完成作业
manipulating their attention, making it impossible to do their homework,
让他们将自己 和不切实际的审美标准相对比”
making them compare themselves to unrealistic standards of beauty."
没有人希望那样
Like, no one wants that.
没有一个人
No one does.
我们以前有一些保护措施
We... We used to have these protections.
小孩子们观看周六早间动画片的时候
When children watched Saturday morning cartoons,
我们关心保护儿童
we cared about protecting children.
我们会说：“你不能这样 给这个年龄段的孩子看广♥告♥”
We would say, "You can't advertise to these age children in these ways."
然后有了YouTube儿童频道
But then you take YouTube for Kids,
蚕食了注意力经济的全部
and it gobbles up that entire portion of the attention economy,
现在所有的孩子 都能看YouTube儿童频道
and now all kids are exposed to YouTube for Kids.
所有的保护措施 所有的管理规定都不见了
And all those protections and all those regulations are gone.
（没有手♥机♥的时间）
我们在训练、调节整个一代人…
We're training and conditioning a whole new generation of people...
我们不自在、孤独、不确定或害怕时
that when we are uncomfortable or lonely or uncertain or afraid,
有一个自己的数码安慰
we have a digital pacifier for ourselves
这有点让我们 自己处理这些情绪的能力退化了
that is kind of atrophying our own ability to deal with that.
Photoshop屏幕的另一端 没有几千个工程师
Photoshop didn't have 1,000 engineers
用通知 用你的朋友
on the other side of the screen, using notifications, using your friends,
用人工智能去预判 什么能完美地让你上瘾 引诱你
using AI to predict what's gonna perfectly addict you, or hook you,
或者操纵你 或者允许广♥告♥商
or manipulate you, or allow advertisers
去测试六万种不同的文本或颜色
to test 60,000 variations of text or colors to figure out
（芝加哥反垄断技术会议）
…以此来找到 怎样能完美地操纵你的思想
what's the perfect manipulation of your mind.
这是一种全新的力量和影响
This is a totally new species of power and influence.
我想再一次强调 他们使用的
I... I would say, again, the methods used
玩弄人们的能力 让人们成瘾或者受到影响
to play on people's ability to be addicted or to be influenced
或许这一次是不同的 或许他们是不同的
may be different this time, and they probably are different.
报纸问世时 印刷媒体问世时 与现在很不同