地平线系列：火星旅行者指南（2017）

在看到这种延迟是如何对实际工作产生影响后
By seeing how these sorts of delays impact upon real fieldwork,
比顿博士和团队能够开♥发♥出解决方案
Dr Beaton and the team are able to develop solutions.
我们想到了好几种
So, we've come up with
不同的技术来解决如何更好交流的问题
different techniques for how to best communicate.
显然 从声音入手是一种办法
So, obviously, voice is one way,
这当然是一种可行方法
and certainly that's a viable option,
但我们发现发文字短♥信♥也不错
but we've also found that text messaging is good
因为这让队员在等待回复的同时
because that allows the crewmembers to do something else
可以做些别的事情
on the side while they're waiting to hear a response.
但在真实的火星任务中
But in a real Mars mission,
你要怎么发送和接收这些讯息呢
how would you actually send and receive these messages?
首先 你需要这样一个东西
To begin, you'll need one of these -
一个直径70米的射电望远镜
a 70-metre radio telescope.
理查德·斯蒂芬森是澳大利亚
Richard Stephenson is a radio engineer
堪培拉深层空间通讯基地的
here at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
一名射电工程师
in Australia.
深空探测网
The Deep Space Network
能够发送和接收数十亿千米远外的
is capable of sending and receiving high-frequency radio signals
高频射电♥信♥♥号♥♥
billions of miles away,
甚至是太阳系最边缘的信♥号♥♥
even to the very edges of our Solar System.
深空探测网
The Deep Space Network
理查德·斯蒂芬森
堪培拉深层空间通讯基地
在全球共有三座基地
has three complexes around the globe
三处基地呈120度分布
and they're spaced around about 120 degrees apart,
因此当地球自转时
so, as the Earth rotates,
我们能够为我们支持的任何任务
we can provide 24/7 coverage
提供全天候的支持
to any of the missions that we're supporting.
这些射电接收盘是地球的耳目
These radio dishes are our eyes and ears on the planet,
从火星上传来的任何信息都是从这里接收的
and any information we get back from Mars is received right here.
这个天线
This antenna,
深空43是我们70米直径的天线
Deep Space Station 43, is our 70-metre antenna.
它肩负的责任重大
It's a very heavy-duty antenna.
这个可转向的铁家伙重达四千吨♥
We're looking at 4,000 tonnes of steerable metal,
因此不论刮风下雨
so regardless of wind, weather,
我们都能对需要与地面联络的飞船进行支持
we can support the spacecraft that need to communicate to Earth.
鉴于我们要
As we prepare
将首批人类探险者送上火星
to send the first human explorers to the Red Planet,
建立火星通信基础设施
building up a Martian communication infrastructure
是极为关键的
is going to be key.
深空探测网的箴言是
The Deep Space Network's motto is,
没有我们不要离开地球
"Don't leave Earth without us."
我们是太阳系的交通管♥理♥员♥
We're the traffic control of the Solar System.
理查德和深空探测网团队
It's going to be up to Richard and the Deep Space Network team
负责与未来的火星旅行者进行通信
to juggle communications with future Mars travellers
更重要的是 他们还负责预防飞船
and, more importantly, prevent their spacecraft
在交通拥堵时相撞
from slamming into one another in a Martian traffic jam.
所以今天团队正针对这个问题做测试
So today the team are testing how this might work.
在那边的工作站
Over there, on the work station,
约翰正要进行单天线多飞船通信
John is just about to commence a Multiple Spacecraft Per Aperture.
基本上我们就是将天线
Essentially, what we do is we point the antenna
对准火星中心 利用电波就能
right in the middle of Mars and, using the beam,
接收绕火星运行的所有飞船信♥号♥♥
we can incorporate any spacecraft orbiting Mars.
约翰将支持四艘飞船的通信
John will be supporting four.
它们都绕轨道飞行这点让此举尤为困难
What makes it particularly difficult is they're all orbiters,
我们必须确保在它们
so we have to make sure that we capture them
绕火星飞行时捕捉到通信
as they come around Mars.
这是我们对
This is the first glimpse of
未来火星通讯网络的最初一瞥
the future of our Martian communications network,
该网络将支撑首个人类旅行者
the very same one that will support
在未来登上火星
the first human travellers to the Red Planet.
两年内
In two years' time,
我们可能就开始将人类送出大气层
we start possibly launching humans beyond our atmosphere
我的目标是到时能够和正去往火星的
and my ambition is to be able to talk to somebody
某个人进行交谈
who is on a pathway to Mars.
多亏了这些布设在世界各地的
Thanks to radio telescopes like these,
射电天文望远镜
strategically positioned around the globe,
火星旅行者不必担心
travellers to Mars needn't worry about being isolated
会与地球上的人隔绝
from everyone back on Earth.
如果你是其中一员 如果你想的话
If you're one of them, you'll be able to communicate
你将可以每天都与亲人联♥系♥
with your loved ones every day, if you want,
向他们诉说你所见的壮美奇观
waxing lyrical about the epic wonders you have seen.
这些望远镜将会是
These telescopes will be the sorting offices
全宇宙最壮观的明信片的分拣地
of the most spectacular postcards in the universe.
有了通往火星的计划
With a plan for how to get there,
并配以我们维生所需的一切
and armed with everything we need to survive,
我们现在可以开始探索火星奥秘了
we can now start to explore some of the mysteries of Mars.
欧克斯山
这是欧克斯山
This is Orcus Patera crater.
长约四百千米 使其周边地貌相形见绌
Nearly 400km long, it dwarfs any features nearby.
无人知晓
No-one quite knows
这奇特的泪滴状火山口是如何形成的
how this unusual teardrop crater was formed.
欧克斯山
作为一长串火星谜题的最新一个
The latest in a long line of mysteries,
它将成为任何火星探险中的有趣一站
it would prove an intriguing stop on any Martian adventure.
火星有许多陨击坑 而它们大多呈圆形
Mars has a lot of craters, yet most of them are circular.
这些陨击坑直径四十到五十千米
You can see these craters, 40 or 50km across,
大多趋于圆形 但有些并不是
they tend to be circular, but there are some that are not.
如果我去火星
If I were going to Mars,
我最想去的是这个大家伙
the one I would like to go to the most is the whopper.
它形状像一头鲸
It looks like a whale.
彼得·舒尔茨 布朗大学
其实它叫做欧克斯山
In fact, it's called Orcus Patera
"Orcus"意为"鲸"
"Orcus" Means "Whale".
它有点奇怪 看其他的陨击坑
So there's something odd. Look at all the other craters -
都是圆形的
they're round.
这是怎么形成的
What formed this?
在我们去火星一探究竟之前
Until we go there ourselves,
对这个问题能给予的最好回答
our best shot at answering that question
就是在地球上模拟这个撞击
is to recreate the impact here on Earth
彼得·舒尔茨 教授刚做了这个实验
and Professor Peter Schultz has just the experiment.
这里是美国宇航局埃姆斯垂直射击靶场
This is the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range...
是一个以小规模模拟
A unique facility that simulates
天体高速撞击的独特装置
high-speed celestial body impacts on a small scale.
今天 舒尔茨教授
Today, Professor Schultz
将尝试再现欧克斯山的形成
is going to try to recreate the Orucs Patera crater.
我们试着借此模拟
This is a case of trying to simulate what happens
巨型抛射体 例如小行星
when you have a giant projectile, an asteroid,
甚至卫星撞击火星的情景
or even a moon, collide with Mars,
我们利用往沙子上撞击进行模拟
so we're trying that here by impacting into sand.
目标位于气压可控的撞击室内
The target sits inside a large pressure-controlled impact chamber.
所以在撞击室内我们可以控制大气条件
So, with the chamber, we can control the atmosphere conditions
抛射体发射时将会通过这个洞
and we have a projectile that will be launched
通过这个发射管发射
to go through this hole, this launch tube,
然后命中这个激光照到的位置
and is going to hit right here where this laser is hitting,
以子弹速度的八倍速左右撞击
maybe about eight times the velocity of a speeding bullet.
因此我们现在要做的就是上膛
So now all we have to do is, really, lock and load.
舒尔茨教授装好了子弹
Professor Schultz has rigged the gun
与平面呈十五度角发射
so that it fires at just 15 degrees from the horizontal,
模拟一次陨石斜向撞击
simulating an oblique meteor strike.
一切就位
With everything in place,
现在只需要发射了
all it takes now is to fire the projectile.
JP 你准备好了吗
JP, are you ready?
我们准备好了
We're good. Ready.
是 准备好了
Yeah, ready to go.
充电完毕
It's charged.
灯是绿色的
Lights are green.
警示灯
我们要开始了
Here we go.
发射中 闪烁时请勿入内
开录
Rolling.
很好
Sweet.
每秒5.53千米
5.53 kilometres per second.
干得漂亮