地平线系列：火星旅行者指南（2017）

火星
Mars...
红色星球
..The Red Planet.
许多科学家认为第一个登上火星的人
Many scientists believe that the first person to set foot on its surface
将诞生于我们这一代
is alive today.
也许这个人正在看这部影片
Perhaps it's someone watching this film?
也许就是你
Perhaps it's you!
如果是你 欢迎来到你的旅行者指南
If it is you, then welcome to your traveller's guide...
我们将指导你在何处登陆
..A guide in which we will show you where to land,
何处生活 最重要的是
where to live, and, most importantly of all,
在那里欣赏哪些景观 进行哪些活动
what to see and do while you're there...
从参天的火山
..From towering volcanoes...
到深不可测的大峡谷
..To unfathomably large canyons...
以及地表蚀刻的神秘特征
..And mysterious features etched on the landscape.
我们甚至会带你深入地下
We'll even take you deep underground.
《地平线》节目聚集了
Horizon has gathered together
全世界的顶级火星专家
the world's leading experts on Mars.
我从七岁起就对
I've been interested in space exploration
太空探索感兴趣
since I was seven years old.
我们询问每一个人如果有机会他们会去哪里
We asked each of them where would they go if they got the chance.
我们在地球上根本没有这样的东西
We don't have anything like this on Earth.
以及为了生存需要哪些东西
And what they would need to survive.
你需要采取措施保护自己不会爆♥炸♥
You need something to protect you from essentially exploding,
至少防止皮肤被撑开
or at least having your skin all stretched out
血液沸腾
and the blood boiling.
利用真实的图像与数据
Using real images and data,
我们将会带你领略太阳系中发现的
we will take you to some of the most jaw-dropping landscapes
最令人瞠目结舌的地貌
discovered in our Solar System...
站在边缘
Standing on the rim,
我想 "我会不会捡到一块石头
I wonder, "Could I pick up the rock that actually came from
就来自造成这一壮观奇景的物体呢"
the object that formed this enormous feature?"
这些地方会改变你对世界的看法
..Places that may change the way you think about our own world...
地球之外存在生命吗
Is there life beyond the Earth?
这可能是人类有史以来提出的
This is probably one of the most profound questions
最深奥的问题之一
that's ever been asked by the human mind.
这次旅程会考验任何旅客的忍♥耐力
..On a journey that will test the endurance of any traveller.
火星旅行 听起来很浪漫
Travelling to Mars, the idea sounds romantic,
但是这样的旅程可不适合胆小鬼
but, you know, the journey is not for the faint of heart.
下一个探索的黄金年代之初
At the dawn of the next golden age of exploration,
我们将会带你到火星前沿
we'll take you to the Martian frontier.
我等不及要看到
I cannot wait for the day
人类第一次在火星上行走了
I get to see people walk on Mars for the first time.
这就是《火星旅行者指南》
This is your Traveller's Guide to Mars.
地平线 火星旅行者指南
地球与火星的距离 5500万-3.78亿千米
半径 3396千米
表面重力 0.38G
地表平均温度 零下63摄氏度
地表气压 0.006标准大气压
火星发出的红光
The red glow of Mars
在夜空中无处不在
is an omnipresent feature of our night sky.
但只有近距离接触
But it's only when viewed up close
才能揭开这颗锈色行星的秘密
that this rusty planet really begins to reveal its secrets.
任何乘坐飞船
It promises to wow any visitor
花费七个月到达的旅行者
who's spent the past seven months onboard a spaceship
都一定会发出惊叹
travelling to get there.
除了我们的母星
Other than our home planet,
火星是我们最了解的星球
there is no world we know in such detail.
多亏过去50年中我们成功发射的
That's thanks to the numerous successful satellites and rovers
多架卫星与探测器
we've sent there over past 50 years.
它们拍摄的地貌
And the landscapes they've looked down upon
为我们讲述着惊人的故事
tell astonishing stories.
巨大的平原上千疮百孔的陨击坑
Vast plains, riddled with hundreds and thousands of craters.
深渊峡谷与奇特的岩层
Deep canyons and strange rock formations.
以及地球上无处寻觅的风景
And scenery not seen anywhere on Earth.
我们已经拍摄了这颗行星的每一个角落
We've photographed every corner of the planet
正在计划第一次将人类送上火星
and plans are now underway to send the first humans to Mars.
但要到达那里需要做些什么呢
But what does it take to get there?
我们如何在火星表面生存呢
How can we survive on the surface?
最佳的探索地点是哪里呢
And where are the best places to explore?
我们从最熟知的火星地标开始说起
We'll start with the Martian landmark we know best.
位置 盖尔陨击坑
直径 155千米
深度 5千米
年龄 38.6亿年
位置 盖尔陨击坑
盖尔陨击坑
Gale Crater,
这颗行星上的巨大伤痕
a vast scar on the planet
美国宇航局的旗舰探测器
and home to NASA's flagship rover
好奇号♥自2012年起停泊于此
Curiosity since 2012.
可以认为这是目前为止发射到火星的
Arguably the most ambitious explorer sent
最有雄心的探测器
to the Red Planet so far.
盖尔陨击坑
这个陨击坑使地球上所有相似地貌相形见绌
The crater itself dwarfs any similar features here on Earth.
好奇号♥每天都会发回
Every day, Curiosity sends back detailed images
陨击坑内部的详细图像
from within the crater.
这就是其中之一
This is one of them.
在数据科学研究所
And here, at the Data Science Institute,
桑吉夫·古普塔教授所在的团队正在研究这些图片
Professor Sanjeev Gupta is part of the team studying them.
远处是陨击坑的边缘
This is the crater rim over here.
桑吉夫·古普塔教授
伦敦帝国理工学院
它直径有150千米
This is 150km in diameter,
面♥积♥巨大
so a really big feature.
从这个视角
And there, in this view over here,
可以看到夏普山
what we can see is Mount Sharp.
高5千米
That's 5km high.
它位于陨击坑中心
That sits in the centre of the crater,
能看到这种尺度的图片真的很震撼
so it's really amazing here being able to look at this image at such a scale
因为你可以真正感受到
because you really get a sense of this mountain
这座山高耸入云 俯瞰大地
that's sort of towering high above us.
但古普塔教授不仅仅是来欣赏美景的
But Professor Gupta isn't simply enjoying the view.
好奇号♥火星车
2015年9月4日至18日
我们知道今天的火星是干燥 荒凉的
Today, we know Mars is a dry, desolate world,
但有图像显示火星并不一直是这样
but some images suggest that wasn't always the case.
盖尔陨击坑经历了一个漫长的筛选过程
Gale Crater was chosen as the landing site for Curiosity
才被选为好奇号♥的着陆点
after a very lengthy selection process.
火星轨道飞行器已经发现了
Orbiters had discovered evidence that
夏普山底部的岩石
the rocks at the base of Mount Sharp,
就是这里的这些岩石
so the rocks that we can see over here,
曾经含有结晶水的证据
had evidence for hydration.
火星勘测轨道飞行器和火星快车
在好奇号♥发射前很久
Long before Curiosity left Earth,
像这样的卫星图像就提醒我们
satellite images like this hinted
这个陨击坑远不止表面所见
there was more to this crater than meets the eye.
这张图的魅力在于
What's beautiful in this image
你可以看到这些峡谷
is that you can see these canyons or valleys
像是被刻进了陨击坑边缘
carved into the crater rim,
这完全能说明
and this is really suggestive
有水从陨击坑边缘流下
that water flowed down the crater rim
并侵蚀出了这些峡谷
and eroded these canyons.
其次 我们可以看到这些美丽的岩层
Secondly, we can see all these beautiful layers here
构成了夏普山的底部
that form the base of Mount Sharp.
这些岩层富含水合矿物
These layers are enriched in hydrated minerals,
也就是含有水的矿物
so those are minerals that contain water.
好奇号♥的任务是什么呢
Curiosity's mission?
找到水在火星上留下的蛛丝马迹
To follow the elusive trail of water on Mars.
所以从根本上来说 轨道探测器的图像
So, essentially, the orbital images
让我们知道了该去哪里找
provide us clues on where to go,
但我们还是得踏上火星的土地
but we really need to be on the ground,
从几米远的地方仔细勘探这些岩石
looking carefully at these rocks from a few metres away,
所以我们才要向火星派遣探测车
and that's why we send rovers to Mars.
探测车一旦着陆
Once the rover touched down,
就马上开始搜集更多的线索
it quickly began picking up more clues.
这些其实是
These are actually pebbles
直径几厘米的小石头
that are a few centimetres in diameter.
你如果观察它们的轮廓 就会发现
What you can see, when you look at the pebble outlines,
它们有部分是圆形
is that they have rounded shapes,
所以它们是在被移♥动♥的过程中被磨圆的