地平线系列：火星旅行者指南（2017）

that running water continued to carve.
但只有着陆在那里
But it's only by landing there
我们才能搜集到决定性的证据
we can gather the conclusive proof.
作为一名地质学家
What you want to do,
我想做的就是找到露出地面的岩层
as a geologist is get to outcrop,
就像我们这里看到的
like we see right here.
打个比喻可以说是你能使用你的工具
A slab of rock that you can interrogate and taste, so to speak,
来询问和鉴赏的一块岩石
with your instruments.
如果你是一名来到地球的火星人
If you were a Martian coming to Earth,
你很可能会来这里
you'd probably come here
因为在这你能很清楚地了解地球的地质史
because you get a good idea of the geological history of the Earth,
都记载在层层岩石上
from the rim all the way down to the floor.
这里大部分的岩石都记录着海洋
Most of these rocks record oceans that came and went,
山川和沙漠的形成和消失
mountain changes that came and went, deserts that came and went.
在火星上 站在峡谷底部
You know, on Mars, it would be safe to say you go back three,
你可以说你回到了三十亿 三十五亿
three and half, maybe even four billion years
或者甚至是四十亿年前
at the floor of the canyon down there.
我随时可以出发
I'd go in a heartbeat.
就像很多人 也许也包括你
Like many of us, perhaps even you,
赖斯博士也梦想着能踏上火星
Dr Rice also dreams of walking on Mars.
我们仍不知道在火星上会发现什么
I mean, on Mars, we don't know what there is to learn yet.
火星就像一本翻开的书 等着我们去那里取样
It's this open book waiting for us to go there and sample it
去解读它的地质历史
and to decipher the geological history.
水手谷这样的峡谷系统
In a canyon system like Valles Marineris,
就是已经翻开了的书
the book is open right there for you.
你只要去到那里 收集样本就行了
You've just got to get there and start collecting samples.
许多人认为 水手谷是完美的降落地点
Many think Valles Marineris is the perfect landing zone.
那里不仅有适合降落的辽阔平原
Not only are there last flat areas to touch down,
还能让我们一窥
but it would also give a tantalising glimpse
火星的地质历史
into Mars's geological past.
当然 站在太阳系最宏伟的峡谷边缘
And, of course, stood at the edge of the grandest canyon of the Solar System,
景色必然是叹为观止
the view would be jaw-dropping.
现在我们知道了去的方法 和降落的地点
So, now you know how to get there and where to land.
但飞去火星可不止是为了游览观光
But travelling around Mars is not just about seeing the sights.
如果不包括到达火星表面后该如何生存
No guide would be complete without advice for visitors
这本观光指南还不完整
on how to survive once they get there.
火星是个贫瘠的世界
Mars is a barren world,
火星的水和大气都被时间冲刷得所剩无几
with its water and atmosphere long lost to the hands of time.
对人类来说 这可不是适宜生存的环境
For humans, it would be an inhospitable environment.
所以研究者们
That is why researchers
才会去到夏威夷的火山
have descended upon the volcanoes of Hawaii...
地球这一处的环境与火星极为相似
...an environment on Earth that closely matches Mars
至少就地貌来说十分相似
in terms of landscape, at least.
他们在探索
They're working out
我们如何才能在这颗荒凉严酷的星球上生存
how we can survive on this desolate and hostile planet.
迈克尔·黎和他的团队设计了一套太空服
Michael Lye and his team have designed a spacesuit
在夏威夷模拟火星任务
to simulate Mars missions here on Hawaii.
一旦踏上火星 周围基本就是一片真空
Once you land on Mars, you're basically living in a vacuum.
迈克尔·黎
罗德岛设计学院
火星虽有大气 但很稀薄
It's got an atmosphere, but not much.
在火星时
And, while you're there,
你不可能在外界自然地呼吸
you won't be able to go outside and breathe naturally.
温度方面 大部分时间都会非常冷
Temperature-wise, it's going to be extremely cold at many times
那里的环境还是非常严酷的
and it's generally a pretty hostile environment.
太阳耀斑 紫外线辐射 阿尔法粒子
Solar flares, UV radiation, alpha particles,
有来自太阳的各种辐射 还有来自
other kinds of radiation from the sun as well as cosmic radiation
太阳系内外的各种宇宙辐射
that's coming from all over the Solar System and beyond.
在火星表面的所有时间
You have to wear a spacesuit the entire time
你都得穿太空服
you're on the surface of Mars.
在两极地区 火星的气温
Temperatures on Mars can plummet below
会骤降至零下126摄氏度
minus 126 degrees Celsius near the poles.
火星的大气完全不含氧气
Containing virtually no oxygen,
且十分微薄 气压极低
the wispy atmosphere has a pressure of just
只有地球海平面气压的百分之零点六
0.6% of what can be found at sea level here on Earth.
所以在未来的载人任务中 太空服都将是
This is why spacesuits will be one of the critical components
至关重要的一部分
for any future human missions.
你需要有东西保护你不受过度辐射的伤害
So you need something to protect you from essentially exploding,
或是皮肤被撑开
or at least having your skin stretched out
血液沸腾 患上减压症这类问题
and the blood boiling and getting the bends, things like that.
现今设计出的太空服
The way spacesuits are designed now,
差不多就是一个增压的太空舱
they're mostly pressurised spacecraft.
最终都会变得好像一艘小型宇宙飞船
Essentially, they're almost like a mini spaceship.
火星宇航员会需要全护式面罩
Martian visitors will require a full face helmet,
持续的氧气供应
permanent oxygen supply,
维生系统和电子系统
life support and electrical systems...
就跟登上国际空间站的宇航员一模一样
..Just like astronauts on board the International Space Station.
空间站所处的微重力环境
The microgravity environment aboard the Space Station
使得一百三十千克的太空服轻若无物
makes the 130-kilogram spacesuits effectively weightless.
太空服本身有点头重脚轻
The suit itself is a little bit top-heavy,
所以平衡起来有点困难
so it makes it a little hard to negotiate.
穿着它走起路来还是挺舒服的
It's actually pretty comfortable walking,
虽然还是有点过沉
even though it weighs quite a bit.
不幸的是 火星上的情况并非如此
Unfortunately, this won't be the case on Mars.
火星这颗行星要小很多
Mars is a much smaller planet.
火星的重力场
The gravity field on Mars
大概只有地球的三分之一
is roughly about a third of Earth's gravity,
如果一样东西在地球上重六十千克
so if something weighs 150 pounds on Earth
在火星的重力场中
it would weigh about 50 pounds
大约就有二十千克重
in a Martian gravity field.
在山上看到的火山非常美丽
The volcano looks pretty impressive over the hill.
我要在这儿稍事休息
I'm just going to take a breather here for a moment.
我们整个夏天都要穿着这套太空服做现场试验
We're going to be doing field tests all summer on this suit,
从今天这种短期的开始
starting with short ones like today
然后再进行更长♥期♥的试验
and then going onto longer duration ones
好为HI-SEAS任务做好准备
to get it ready for the HI-SEAS mission.
HI-SEAS的意思是
HI-SEAS stands for
夏威夷空间探索模型模拟项目
the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog And Simulation program.
许多研究者会定期来到这里
Teams of researchers regularly enter this facility
模拟长♥期♥的火星表面任务
to simulate a long duration planetary surface mission to Mars.
在海拔两千五百米的高处
Hidden about 2,500 metres above sea level,
住在这里的人们完全与外界隔离开来
inhabitants are completely cut off from the outside world
一次任务的时间为四到十二个月
for between four and 12 months at a time.
这段影片是由队员特别拍摄的
This is footage specially filmed by the teams.
这里可以看出居住地的面♥积♥
It reveals the extent of the habitat.
这里有休息区 有一间厨房♥
There are sleeping quarters, a kitchen,
实验室 浴室 模拟的气闸和工作区
laboratory, bathroom, simulated air lock and work area.
对食物 人员动态 行为
Research into food, crew dynamics,
角色和表现的研究都会被分♥析♥
behaviours, roles and performance are all analysed.
但只有当研究者们走出住处进行舱外活动
But it's when researchers step outside the habitat on EVAs,
或者舱外活动
or extravehicular activities,
使得火星模拟变得真实起来
that this Martian simulation really comes to life.
由于在这种地方进行的研究
Thanks to the research being conducted in places like this,
未来的旅行者可以准备好
any future travellers will be prepared
勇敢面对恶劣的火星环境
to brave the harsh Martian environments.
但是你还是会需要一个避风的港湾
But you'll also need a place to shelter,
一个能称之为家的地方
a place to call home.
而且如果你真的聪明
And if you're really clever,
你会在发现火星上一些特殊的地址条件
Mars has some peculiar geology
能够起到意想不到的作用
that you could find astonishingly useful.
地点 帕弗尼斯山
我们的下一个地点
Our next location is one that could provide
能够为疲惫的旅行者
some much-needed refuge
提供急需的庇护所
for the weary traveller.
帕弗尼斯火山的侧翼
The flanks of the Pavonis Mons volcano.
看上去这可能跟你我所认知的家不一样
It may not look like a home that you or I recognise,
帕弗尼斯山
但是这座火山的表面之下埋藏的
but buried just beneath the surface of this volcano
是能让我们远离火星天气的特别地点
is a unique feature that offers protection from the elements.
值得注意的是 只要你知道到哪里去找
And remarkably, similar features can be found right here on Earth
在地球上也能找到类似的地质结构
if you know where to look for them.
我们在夏威夷的一个块熔岩流上
We're out here on an a'a flow in Hawaii.
这个火山岩浆流起源于冒内罗亚火山顶