健康解密：肠道的奥秘（2024）

We should put hot dogs in there.
热狗和面包本身就被评为了黄色
The hot dog and bun on its own is rated yellow.
也不是太糟 对吧 - 不算太糟 但也不好
But that's not too bad, right? - It's not too bad, but also not good.
但搭配奶酪和牛油果会好一些
But it's better when it's with cheese and avocado.
我喜欢牛油果
Oh, I like avocado.
太棒了
It's amazing.
配料越多越好
The more toppings you add to it, the better.
天啊 猪里脊
Oh my God. Pork tenderloin.
你是说吃猪肉有好处吗
So you mean to tell me pork is good?
最好别跟我说其他的理论
Nobody better not tell me nothing else.
嗨 姬米
Hi, Kimmie!
嗨 安妮
Hi, Annie!
嗨 姬米 - 嗨 埃兰
Hi, Kimmie. Hi, Eran.
你之前问过
You know, you had asked before, like,
为什么你试图减肥时总是失败
why is it that when you try to lose weight, you can't.
在我们观察你的微生物群时
So when we looked at your microbiome,
我们发现你微生物群的多样性较低
we saw that you had a less diverse microbiome.
特别是 我们注意到一种特殊的细菌
In particular, we noticed a specific type of bacteria,
它们被称为普雷沃氏菌 你体内的含量为零
it's known as Prevotella, you had zero.
天啊
Oh my goodness.
没有普雷沃氏菌的人
So people who have that pattern of no Prevotella
减肥会非常困难
have a hard time losing weight.
此外我们发现
Then the other thing we found
在你的肠道内 还有另外三种特殊的细菌
was that there were three other specific bacteria in your gut
它们的含量很低
that were in low amounts.
它们与一种能让人产生饱腹感的
They're associated with the production of a specific type of gut hormone
特殊肠道激素的分泌有关
that makes you feel full.
这可能就是你总觉得饿的原因
It could be why you're always hungry.
但这绝非由一种细菌所决定 因为任何细菌都不是单独行动的
But it's never as simple as one bacteria, because no bacteria acts alone.
所以你必须了解它们 是如何在某个生态系统中发挥作用的
So you really need to understand how they act within an ecosystem,
这也是我们将微生物群 作为一个整体进行分♥析♥的原因
which is why we analyze the microbiome as a whole.
你能理解吗
Does that make sense?
当然 其实我还挺惊讶的
Absolutely. I mean, I'm kind of amazed, actually.
通过简单的粪便检测 就能够了解到所有这些
I mean, just to be able to find out all those different things about myself,
我的不同之处
simply from testing poop.
但我不知道 我猜这看起来非常困难
But I don't know. I guess it just seems so difficult.
为什么我觉得自己好像被困住了
Why does it seem like... like I'm stuck?
我被困住了吗 - 不 你没有被困住
Am I stuck? - Yeah. No, you're not... you're not stuck.
好消息是你走到了这一步 但你还是可以出去的
So, the good thing is you got here, but you can also get out.
你真的想改变你的生活方式
You really want to do, I would say, a lifestyle change
改变你的饮食习惯
where you really change your food,
让它更好地与你的有益菌相匹配
such that it better matches your good bacteria.
对
Oh yeah.
我们也许能找到一些可以享用的东西
And we might be able to find something that is enjoyable,
可以长♥期♥坚持
something that could be sustained for a long period of time,
对你也有好处的东西
and would also be good for you.
我们提过"ABC法则" 时刻保持计算
You know, we talked about ABCs, "always be counting,"
不是卡路里 而是要时刻计算
not calories,
而是要时刻计算 你每周摄入的蔬果数量
but always be counting the number of fruits and vegetables that you have per week.
通常认为 20到30种之间为良好
Between 20 and 30 is usually considered good.
好的
Okay.
这无疑让情况更加明晰了一些
It definitely clears things up a little more.
不同的细菌 不同的生活方式
Different bacteria, you know, different lifestyles,
不同时间的人 会遇到不同的情况
just different things happening for different people at different times
会产生不同的结果
just creates different outcomes.
我的生活非常繁忙
My life is pretty hectic.
有很多人都要我照顾
I'm responsible for a lot of people.
我有个生病的妈妈 我一直在照顾她
I have a sick mom that I'm constantly taking care of.
我是有三个漂亮宝宝的单亲妈妈
I'm a single mom to three beautiful children.
儿子有自闭症 所以我一直在负责教他
My baby boy, he's autistic, so I'm always teaching him.
在有着不同年龄层成员的家里吃饭
Eating in a household with different age groups
大家想吃的东西不尽相同
that all want different things,
你得给自己做饭 然后还得给他们做饭
you gotta cook for you, and then you gotta cook for them, and...
这很麻烦 成本也会很高
It can be difficult, and it can be expensive.
所以让我和孩子们一起 吃一顿大家都喜欢的饭菜
So getting my kids on board with one meal that everybody likes,
这就是我的计划
that's my project.
我敢肯定 从我入行以来 我已经吃了一万个热狗
I'm sure that I've eaten 10,000 hot dogs since the beginning of my career.
我是日本人 但饮食习惯很像美国人
I am Japanese, but I've eaten like an American.
我想这就是我身体受损的原因
I think that's what's damaged my body.
哇 这个香气
Wow, this aroma.
这是真正的日本料理吧
This is real Japanese food, huh?
好美
So beautiful.
太美了
So beautiful.
大胃王比赛有没有损害到你的胃
Is competitive eating damaging your stomach?
我们一起出去的时候
When we go out together,
我们其他人吃得都比你多
I mean, the rest of us eat more than you do.
对 确实
Yeah, it's true.
科比觉得他可能受损了
Kobi thinks he might be broken.
他感受不到饥和饱
He doesn't feel hungry or full.
他完全没有那些感觉 - 真的吗
He doesn't feel those things at all. Oh really?
有时候他会发现 自己已经三天没吃东西了
There are times when he realizes that he hasn't eaten anything in three days.
真有那么严重了吗
It's that bad, really?
我觉得你吃得越多 尤其是垃圾食品
I feel like the more you eat, especially junk food,
对身体的伤害就会越大
the more you damage your body.
进入这个行业之后 我很好奇…
Ever since I started this career, I've wondered...
我对自己的身体造成了哪些伤害
what damage I've done to my body.
我想知道 它是如何损害大脑和神经系统的
I want to know how it is damaging my brain and nervous system.
早些时候 我想我对自己有这样的印象
Earlier, I think I had this image of myself,
仿佛我就是 这样的脑袋、大脑以及其他
like, I'm this head and brain, and rest,
这就是我的生活方式
and this is how I go about life.
我的感受和一切 我的想法 就在这里产生
My feelings and everything, my thoughts, are just produced up here.
这还挺傻的
And this is a bit silly,
它让我想到了 我小侄子画人的方式
and it reminds me even about the way my little nephew draws people.
就是一个脑袋 上面长了两只脚
It's just this head with two little feet on it.
现在我们知道了 肠道是大脑的重要顾问
And we now know that the gut is an important adviser to the brain.
它会收集信息 传送到大脑
It'll collect this information, send it up to the brain,
成为我们感受的一部分
and it'll become a part of how we feel.
众所周知 我们的第一个大脑在这上面
So we all know our first brain up here,
但我们的肚子里还有第二个大脑
but we have a second brain in here within our tummies.
而这第二个大脑中的神经
And there are more nerves in this second brain
比我们脊髓中的神经还要多
than there is in our spinal cord.
肠脑轴是我们的肠胃…
The gut-brain axis is the two-way street of communication...
…和大脑之间的双向交流通道
between what's going on in our bellies and what's going on in our brains.
把大脑和肠道想象成好朋友
Think of the brain and the gut as BFFs.
所以 如果其中一个功能失调 另一个最终也会效仿
So if either one is not working, the other eventually is gonna follow suit.
这或许就是我们能够享受美食的原因
It may be what allows us to enjoy the food we eat,
是它告诉我们该吃什么 什么时候吃
to tell us what to eat, when to eat,
不仅微生物会影响你的大脑
and it's not only that the microbes could affect your brain,
你吃的食物也会通过影响那些微生物 从而影响你的大脑
but it's the food you take that can affect the microbes that can affect your brain.
今天 我们来到了爱尔兰的英国市场
So, today we're at the English Market here in Ireland,
这就是我周六会来采购的地方
and this is where I go shopping on a Saturday.
你会拿着清单来市场 但最后我每次都会把它扔掉
You come to the market with a list. But I end up throwing it out every time.
这香气 这颜色 这里的一切都吸引着你
The smell, the colors, everything here, you're drawn to,
但肠道也会将你引至一些 或许它不该吃的东西面前
but your gut is also drawing you to things maybe it shouldn't.
我们对事物的选择 认为一切都是由大脑驱动的
Our food choices, you know, we think about it all being driven by our brain,
但如果真正牵动我们的
but what if it's actually the signals from our gut
是来自肠道的信♥号♥♥呢
that are really pulling the strings?
这是我的微生物们真正喜欢的东西
Now, this is what my microbes really love,
而我必须经历这种天人交战
and I have to have this internal struggle
因为这只是一份会让我长肉的食谱
because it's just a recipe for me to gain weight.
你有多饿 你有多想吃某样东西
How hungry you feel, how much you want to eat something,
可能是因为 你肠道里的一小群细菌在说
could come from a tiny bacterial population in your gut being like,
"我好想吃薯条" 或其他东西 你知道吗
"I really would like to eat those fries," or something, you know?
你吃了很多糖 就会有爱吃糖的虫子
You eat a lot of sugar, you get sugar-loving bugs.
你吃了很多脂肪 就会有爱吃脂肪的虫子
You eat a lot of fat, you get fat-loving bugs.
所以 我去中国的时候 甜食吃得不太多
So when I go to China, and I'm not consuming so much sugary food
因为中餐里用糖的量很少
because there's very little sugar in the Chinese diet,
比如说 我完全 失去了吃巧克力的欲望
I completely lose my desire to eat chocolate, for example.
在北美 我通常每天都想吃巧克力
Normally, in North America, I'm craving chocolate every single day.
早上好 - 早上好
Morning. Morning.
你好吗 - 很好 你呢