饮食变迁（2010）

Beautiful, Cathy.
凯西 你真漂亮
So the hormone leptin maintains fat
因此瘦蛋白激素将脂肪维持在
at a steady level and makes dieting very difficult.
一个稳定的水平 让节食变得十分困难
Fat people have their leptin thermostats set high.
胖人的瘦蛋白控制所在的水平较高
They can be reset, but it
它们可以被更改
seems to be much easier to reset it up than down.
但是似乎变高比变低更容易
So it's easier to get fat than thin.
所以说变胖比变瘦容易一些
It seems as if our biology
似乎我们的生理状态
is happy at the particular body composition
更易于接受某种特定的身体组成状况
that we are, and if our health requires
如果我们需要通过
that we need to change our body weight to improve our health,
改变体重来变得更健康
it's a massive struggle that's a day, by day, by day exercise.
我们就需要大量日复一日的努力和练习
The discovery that there are genetic variations
关于不同的基因控制着
that govern our response to leptin,
我们对瘦蛋白的反应
and therefore our appetite,
进而控制我们食欲的发现
forced even expert doctors
促使甚至是专家医师
to change their attitudes to their obese patients.
对于肥胖病人的态度转变
I really judged them as being not strong enough
我过去认为他们没有毅力
to control their body.
无法控制自己的身体
But now I really know that there are genetic defects
但是现在我才知道这是基因在
that we can't control, that force us to eat,
迫使我们吃东西 我们无能为力
and I feel sorry for my patients
我对我的病人们感到抱歉
that I have misjudged and that I have been cruel to.
我对他们有过错误的判断并且过于严厉
Inspired by their richer understanding of obesity that leptin
在他们从瘦蛋白中得到的
had given them,
对肥胖的理解的鼓舞下
scientists returned to their search for a wonder drug.
科学家重返研究 希望找到有效的药物
This top-secret research facility
这个绝密的研究设施
is where the war against obesity is being waged.
是与肥胖的战争开展的地方
Here, millions of pounds are
就在这 数百万英镑
being poured into the hunt for a magic bullet,
被投入其中 用以寻求灵丹妙药
a drug to treat the disease.
治疗肥胖症的药物
John Clapham is at the front line of this research.
约翰·克拉普汉姆就站在研究的前线
To find an effective treatment for obesity
寻求对肥胖有效的治疗方式
is of paramount importance.
是最为重要的事情
And the mission is to find a pill to kill hunger,
现在的任务是找到抑制饥饿的药物
a pill that works by manipulating our desire to eat.
一种通过调控我们食欲的药物
To do this, they need to map out
为了完成这项任务 他们必须找到
all the chemical signals in the appetite pathway.
所有与食欲相关的化学信♥号♥♥
Because every one of those is a potential new drug target,
因为每一个都是潜在的药物靶标
and the more drug targets we've
而且我们所作用的药物靶标越多
got to work on, the chances for success are much greater.
成功的几率也就越大
And we have every hope in the future of getting a new drug.
我们有希望在未来找到一种新的药物
As suspected, leptin and melanocortin
一如科学家的怀疑 瘦蛋白和黑素皮质素
are turning out to be just the tip of the iceberg.
只不过是冰山一角
We now know about a number of other
现在我们得知 大脑中的一些其他
chemicals in the brain that act to regulate appetite.
化学物质也在参与食欲调控过程
We know there are some that act to decrease appetite...
我们也知道 其中一些可以减弱食欲
..Such as the melanocortins, the neuromedins...
比如说黑素皮质素 神经调节肽
..POMC, the melanocortin receptor,
阿片促黑素原 黑素皮质素受体
CART...
可♥卡♥因♥-苯♥丙♥胺♥调节转录肽
There are those that decrease appetite,
这些东西都可以降低食欲
such as the orexins, galanin...
例如食欲肽 神经节肽
Neuropeptide Y... There are a number
神经肽Y 也有一些
of peptides released from the gut that affect appetite,
内脏器官释放的肽会影响食欲
such as glucagon-like peptide-1, enterostatin,
例如胰高血糖素样肽-1 肠抑素
cholecystokinin and on and on and on.
肠促胰酶肽等等
We're expecting more discoveries all the time.
我们一直在期待更多的发现
But even with all these drug targets,
即使有了所有药物标靶
they still have a long way to go.
前路依然漫漫
In terms of drug treatments for obesity,
在肥胖的药物治疗方面
we're lagging 20 years behind other avenues of research.
与其他研究方向相比 我们落后了20年
We're at the beginning of a long road now and even if a treatment
我们正在漫长道路的起点 即使明天
were to be identified tomorrow, then we're looking at 10,
就能提出一项治疗方法 我们依然
12 years before any treatment is actually available.
要等10年或12年才能真正实施治疗
It's hard to know if any new obesity drug will ever really work.
新的肥胖治疗药物是否有效也很难说
As we've seen in our journey from
在我们从营养不良
malnutrition to obesity, there have been many false dawns.
到肥胖的旅程中 有过许多虚假的曙光
From the disastrous effects of pesticides
从杀虫剂的毁灭性作用
to the collapse of our fibre-deprived colons,
到缺乏纤维素的结肠的惨状
and the tragic side-effects of some diet drugs.
还有减肥药物悲剧性的副作用
Unlike the progress medicine
其他重大疾病
has made in treating other major diseases,
都有对症的药物 但对于肥胖症
we still don't have a medical solution for obesity.
我们依然没有可行的医学方案
Fat is sexy, fat is fine,
胖就是性感 胖就是漂亮
you've got yours and I've got mine.
你得到你的 我得到我的
Some have decided to embrace what nature has given them.
有些人决定接受天生的自我
But for those who want to fight
但是对于那些想要打败
the flab to improve their health, they're left with
松弛获得健康的人 留给他们的
the timeless mantra of a healthy diet and lots of exercise.
则是长♥期♥健康饮食及大量运动的咒语
If we've learnt anything from this story,
如果说我们从这个故事中学到了什么
it's that nutrition is a complicated science.
那就是营养学是一门复杂的科学
Each new discovery only throws up new questions
每个新的发现都会抛出
about the relationship
我们的饮食与长♥期♥健康
between what we eat and our long-term health.
之间关系的新问题
But perhaps that's just the very nature of science itself.
不过也许科学本身就是如此