饮食变迁（2010）

whereas in natural conditions it would have taken three years.
而在自然界 则需花费3年
Having streamlined farming, scientists now
将农业现代化之后 科学家现在
turned their attention to the rest of food production.
将注意力转向食品生产的其余流程
But what happens to food as
被制成更加方便的形式后
it gets built up into more convenient forms?
食物会发生怎样的变化
What happens to the quality?
食品质量又将如何
Take bread, a 400 million pond market.
面包拥有近4百万磅的市场需求[82.3万公斤]
It's become the ultimate in predictable products,
它成为了品质可控产品的终极形式
suited to the majority of consumers.
满足了大多数顾客的需求
Each piece of dough is accurate to within 1%.
每个生面团的误差控制在1%内
It has a precise weight,
它有精确的重量
constituency and measure of chemical additives,
以及化学添加剂的剂量
the details closely guarded from rival factories.
详细资料对竞争对手严格保密
I'm looking for a well-developed loaf, clean.
我在找一块干净的好面包
Internally, I shall be looking for a nice white appearance,
在内部 我应该能看到白色的外观
fine texture to suit the housewife for buttering, etc.
结构细密便于主妇们涂上黄油 等等
# There's a bright golden haze on the meadow #
牧场上升起金色的暮霭
# There's a bright golden haze on the meadow #
牧场上升起金色的暮霭
# The corn is as high as an elephant's eye... #
玉米高耸 比肩大象的眼眸
Our attitudes to food were changing rapidly and most people
我们对食物的态度正在迅速改变
embraced the new uniformity that cheap, processed foods offered.
大多数人喜欢一模一样的廉价加工食品
It seemed as if science could provide all of the answers.
看来好像科学能提供解决一切问题的答案
The British housewife is
英国的主妇们
tremendously conservative in her requirements for food.
对食物的需求相当守旧
What she is looking for is satisfaction from her family.
她们要的是家人的心满意足
And by that I mean that there is no rejection factor.
我的意思是她们不会提出反对意见
If one has a family sitting down,
如果家中有人坐在桌旁
the housewife serves them a meal,
主妇为他们做饭
she is obviously concerned and
很显然 她很关心和在意
worried if two or three around the table leave.
别人对她的食物满意与否
Types of food served.
各类食物需求
It's broken down as follows.
如下依次排列
Cereals...
谷类...
As new production methods
随着新生产方法
brought down the price of food,
降低了食物的价格
the possibilities for innovation appeared to be endless.
创新的可能性似乎是无穷的
And there's certainly a convenience benefit there,
而且如果在技术上能实现的话
if it could be done technically,
这必定能提供便利
to have a tray with bacon and egg and fried bread
一个盘子装上咸肉 鸡蛋和烤面包
and grilled sausage and tomatoes and so on that you
还有烤香肠 番茄等等
simply slip into the oven while you nip upstairs
当你在楼上小酌或为孩子上学做准备时只需
and get the kids ready for school and when you come down...
简单的放入烤炉 下楼时就能...
It's not been tried.
还没有人做过
And if one had a deep-frozen egg in some sort of foil dish
如果可以将装有深度冷冻鸡蛋的容器
that one actually took and dropped into a pan of boiling water...
放入一个沸水锅里面...
One might recreate the egg all over again.
那可能得重新创造一种鸡蛋
It's an egg shape. It has a shell of some sort.
它有鸡蛋的外形 有某类外壳
You would boil it, I guess. You know?
或许你能煮熟它
And I don't know what it contains,
我不知道里面的组成
but it could be kind of solid egg
可能是一种蛋状的固体
and bacon in an egg shape, or solid sausage and tomato.
鸡蛋和咸肉 或者固体的香肠和番茄
But whatever it is, this is
但不管是什么
concentrated high-protein, and it is the new egg.
它富含高蛋白 这是全新意义上的鸡蛋
Artificial anything seems only a matter of time.
人工制♥造♥任何东西似乎只是时间的问题
Already, synthetic caviar, eggnogs and whiskies
人工的鱼子酱 蛋奶酒和威士忌
have appeared on foreign markets,
已经出现在国外的市场上
and enthusiasts see the day coming of the super-blackcurrant.
狂热者甚至预见超级黑加仑子到来的那天
You know what real blackcurrant flavour is made of.
你知道真正的黑加仑子的味道
You could perhaps make a
也许就能将一个
less good blackcurrant into a better one.
不是那么好的黑加仑子做得更好
Alternatively, you know a great deal
另外 你知道很多
about what you think is nice to smell and taste.
你认为好闻的和好吃的东西
You might be able to put together something,
你也许就能把它们组合起来
if not like blackcurrant -
虽然样子不像
it might be as artificial in taste and smell,
但闻起来和尝起来可能相似
for example, as a Beethoven sonata,
例如贝多芬的奏鸣曲
which is a purely artificial
它纯粹就是人工地
collection of noises which you think are marvellous.
把你认为动听的声音组合起来
So perhaps, in a little while, we could come back to a laboratory
所以可能在不久之后 我们回到
like this and smell something
像这样的一个实验室 然后闻到
so much better than anything in real life.
比现实生活中的一切都好闻的东西
This would be, then,
那么 这将会
the success of flavour chemistry, wouldn't it?
是味觉化学的成就 不是吗
The scientists thought they had it licked.
科学家们认为他们扭转了乾坤
It was a revolution that couldn't be reversed.
这是一场不可逆的革命
There's no going back now.
现在已经没有回头路
It's all an essential part of life,
以几乎所有人都能承受的价格
providing us with full nutrition
提供营养充足的食品
at prices possible to almost everyone.
已成为生活中必不可少的一部分
There are virtually no more of the old deficiency diseases,
不会再有从前因缺乏营养导致的疾病
no more rickets or scurvy, no more starvation.
不再有软骨症和坏血病 不再有饥荒
Foods which were luxuries at the
在世纪初作为奢侈品的食物现在
beginning of the century have now become commonplace.
已走进寻常百姓家
The cost - uniformity, predictability,
代价是统一性和可预测性
a reduction perhaps in the quality of life.
也可能是生活品质的降低
So far, it seems worth it.
至少现在看来是值得的
It seems that the advent of intensive food production
似乎密集型食物生产的到来
had ushered in a new era of plenty with no apparent drawbacks.
开启了一个没有明显缺点的富足时代
But it wasn't long before the first
但没多久
signs of trouble began to appear on the horizon.
第一缕危机的迹象便业已浮现
One big problem humanity faced was that at least
人类面临的一个重大问题
a quarter of what we grew
是至少四分之一我们种植的作物
was eaten by something else -
被其他生物夺去
insects.
那就是昆虫
Scientists were quick to come to the rescue
科学家们迅速展开了从昆虫口中
in the battle with the bugs.
拯救食物的战役
As you can see,
如你所见
pesticides at this time are our major weapons of control.
杀虫剂现今是我们的主要武器
The post-war era saw a surge
战后时代
in the use of newly developed pesticides,
新研制的杀虫剂
which were deployed on an industrial scale.
被工业规模化喷洒
There are four different weeds here being dosed good and proper.
四种不同的野草被施以适量有效的农药
Well, the charlock doesn't like it anyway, nor the cleavers.
田芥菜受不了 猪殃殃也受不了
Not even the poppy can stand up to it much longer.
甚至连罂粟花都撑不了多久
Yes, no weed escapes and the scientists' victory is complete.
没有杂草能逃过 科学家完胜
Yes, he's found a beetle.
他发现了一只甲虫
Even the home was a theatre of war in the campaign on insects,
甚至连家庭都是与昆虫交战的场所
and people were happy to trust
人们乐于相信
that scientists had their best interests at heart.
科学家是为他们的利益着想
Spraying should be as much of a routine
在打扫过程中 或在储藏食物的地方
as sweeping and cleaning wherever food is handled.
喷洒杀虫剂应当成为一种习惯
The introduction of pesticides
农药的使用
seemed like a great success as crop yields shot up.
成功地令作物产量迅速增长
But it wasn't long before
可惜没过多久
the dream of pest-free farming began to sour.
人们的农场无虫梦便破灭了
The time, May 1970.
1970年5月
Here on the island of San Miguel,
位于圣米格尔岛的
the breeding ground for California's
加州海狮繁殖区内
sea-lions, some appear to be killing their young.
竟出现了部分海狮杀害幼崽的画面
These great animals have 17 times more DDT in them
这些体型硕大的动物体内DDT的含量
than officially permitted in fish for human consumption.
竟是官方划定可食鱼类标值的17倍
By the 1970s, it was clear
到了20世纪70年代 人们逐渐认清
that pesticides were devastating wildlife
农药会削弱野生物种的
by crippling reproductive ability and wrecking nervous systems.
生殖能力与神经系统 造成毁灭性的后果
And we were at the top of the food chain.
而我们人类正处于食物链的顶层
149 persons in California alone have now become ill,
由于误食被杀虫剂污染的西瓜
with hundreds more cases suspected
目前仅在加州已有149人确诊患病
in four other western states and Canada
而在另外四个西部州和加拿大
from eating watermelons contaminated with the pesticide.
还有几百个疑似病例
In the town of McFarland, there have been
在麦克法兰镇有12例儿童癌症病例