饮食变迁（2010）

The drugs looked like a miracle cure
这种药物看起来似乎效果神奇
and became affectionately known as Fen-Phen.
被亲切地称为芬-芬
I lost 6♥4♥ pounds
我减了6♥4♥磅[28.8公斤]
when I was on the Fen-Phen drugs and I loved every minute of it.
我用芬-芬的时候 每一分钟都享受其中
The weight just literally fell off of me.
体重真正被我甩掉了
It was amazing how rapid the weight loss was.
减这么快简直太神奇了
The Fen-Phen drugs changed something in my brain
芬-芬药使得我的大脑有了某种改变
and I no longer craved... Sugar-free Diet 7 Up.
我不再渴望无糖七喜饮料
I was, like, drinking water, and I no longer craved the fatty
现在喜欢喝水 而且我不再渴望
foods that I'd always loved, and I no
我一直喜欢的脂肪类食物 不再渴望
longer craved all the bad things that I wasn't supposed to eat.
那些不该吃的垃圾食品
I could go through a room
我可以走过放满批萨的房♥间
full of pizzas and never look twice at them.
而对它们视而不见
Fen-Phen took America by storm.
芬-芬像一场风暴席卷了美国
Over six million prescriptions were issued in 1996.
1996一年开出的处方就超过六百万
But by then something had already started to go wrong.
然而 有些事开始不对劲了
This is my liver and my kidneys and my spleen, it's all swollen.
我的肝脏 肾脏 还有脾脏都开始肿大
I look like a man that's pregnant.
我看起来就像一个怀孕的男人
But I've always wanted to
我一直想瘦下来
be skinny and I'm skinny, but I'm not healthy.
我现在是瘦了 但是我不健康
All Carla wanted to do was to lose weight,
卡拉那时只有一个念头 就是减轻体重
but she began to feel ill
但当她开始疗程
just five weeks into her course of treatment.
五个星期后 开始觉得身体抱恙
I had gone to chaperone my middle son's homecoming dance
我去次子的返校舞会做监护人
and I was up dancing with the kids and just having fun with them,
当时我在和孩子们跳舞 玩得正高兴
and all of a sudden my head started pounding
突然我的脑袋开始轰鸣
and my ears started ringing so loudly
我的耳朵大声鸣叫
that I couldn't even hear the music.
以至于我连音乐都听不见了
I went to the hospital and
我去了医院
the next day they transferred me to Salem,
第二天他们把我转到萨利姆那里
and he came into the room and he told me that I had
他走进病房♥告诉我 我得了
primary pulmonary hypertension and I had two years to live.
早期肺动脉高血压症 只能再活2年
Fen-Phen seems to have caused a rare but lethal side-effect.
芬-芬似乎有种罕见但致命的副作用
The blood vessels that go to Carla's
连接到卡拉肺部的血管
lungs have constricted and her heart is now failing.
已经狭窄了 并且她的心脏现在很虚弱
Primary pulmonary hypertension, or PPH,
早期肺动脉高血压 又叫PPH
has now damaged all of Carla's internal organs.
现在损害了卡拉的所有内脏器官
The search for a wonder drug to
对治疗肥胖的神奇药物
cure obesity clearly wasn't at an end.
所进行的探索 无疑并没有就此结束
But the seeds to our modern understanding
但我们现在对肥胖诱因的理解
of the causes of obesity were actually planted 40 years ago.
其实源于40年前
In a little-known study from an era
在现代道德委员会出现前的时代
before the modern ethics committee,
进行过的鲜为人知的研究
scientists took a completely different approach to the problem.
科学家对这一难题采用了全然不同的方式
They didn't examine fat people,
他们没有去调查肥胖人群
but concentrated on thin ones instead.
而是把注意力集中在瘦人身上
In 1967, the inmates of a Vermont state
1967年 医学研究人员
prison were approached by medical researcher
伊森·西姆斯对佛蒙特州监狱的囚犯
Ethan sims to take part in a unique experiment.
进行了一项独一无二的实验
He wanted to find out about the hormonal changes in our bodies
他想研究当我们变得异常肥胖时
when we become seriously overweight.
我们身体里的荷尔蒙会有怎样的改变
And in order to study that,
为了进行这项研究
he needed to take a group of people and make them fat.
他需要选择一组人并把他们变胖
Very fat.
相当之胖
The study called for each inmate to gain 25% of their body weight.
这项研究要求每一位囚犯体重增加25%
In return, they were promised early release from jail.
作为回报 他们可以提前出狱
Over the course of the year, the team fed
在超过一年的实验中 研究团体
the volunteer prisoners as much as they could physically eat
让志愿者尽可能地多吃食物
and carefully monitored their bodily changes.
并且仔细观察他们身体的变化
But as it went on, Dr Sims
但随着实验的进行 西姆斯博士
became concerned by an unexpected finding.
有了意想不到的发现
However much they ate,
不管他们吃多少
some of the prisoners could not reach the target.
有一部分人就是达不到目标
Two of the prisoners got stuck at 21%
两个囚犯到了21%就没有进展了
and one of them couldn't
而有一个人怎么也
put on any more than 18% extra body weight,
无法增加超过18%以上额外的体重
despite eating as much as 10,000 calories a day.
尽管他们一天要吃1♥0♥0♥0♥0♥卡路里的食物
The experiment pointed to
这个实验指出了一个
a fascinating and unexpected conclusion.
引人注目且出人意料的结论
It seemed that for some people
似乎对于某些人来说
becoming obese is not just unlikely,
肥胖不仅是不大可能
it's practically impossible.
实际是根本不可能
It would be some time before
这个重要发现可能要
the importance of these findings was accepted.
经过一段时间才能被人们接受
In the meantime, people continued to be
同时 人们继续被那些
attracted to any dieting fad that claimed it would work.
声称有效的节食风潮所吸引
Then new evidence emerged supporting the theory
而新出现的一些证据支持了上述理论
that some of us are born to be thin
即有些人生来就是瘦人
in the form of a very special pair of sisters.
就像一对特别的姐妹
Twin sisters Sharon and Debbie are
孪生姐妹莎伦和黛比
taking their very first holiday together at the age of 46.
46岁时一起共度了第一个假日
They were brought up by two completely different families.
她们在两个不同家庭里被抚养长大
They didn't even know one another existed.
彼此不知道对方的存在
They were separated at birth and
她们是在刚出生时被分开的
were only reunited a year ago.
且一年前才重逢
We didn't know that we were identical twins.
我们不知道我们是同卵双胞胎
We just knew we were twins.
我们只知道我们是双生子
So I see her coming out
我看着她走过来
and I keep staring at her
我一直盯着她看
and she keeps saying, "Don't look at me."
而她则一直在说 别看我
It was too intense a feeling.
那是一种十分激烈的情感
And then everybody goes,
然后每个人都说
"Ah, so it's like looking in the mirror,"
好像是在照镜子一样
and we're like, "No, dummy.
我们的意思是 不 傻瓜
When you look in the mirror, that is you!"
如果你对着镜子看看 那就是你
The similarities are striking.
她们之间的相似是惊人的
Over the years,
尽管过去了很多年
there's been little variation in their looks,
她们的外貌 身高 体重
their heights and their weights.
几乎没有什么差别
When they finally met,
最终 她们见面的时候
there was only five pounds difference between them.
体重仅仅相差五磅[2.27千克]
What is astonishing is that
最让人感到不可思议的是
they could not have had more opposite upbringings.
她们接受的教育方式几乎截然相反
Sharon lives in Kentucky and was brought up as a Catholic.
莎伦在肯塔基州长大 是一名天主教♥徒♥
She didn't worry about her diet,
她从不节制饮食
loved meat, particularly pork and fatty foods.
喜欢吃肉 尤其是猪肉和富含脂肪的食物
Oh, look. Alligator AND pork!
快看 鳄鱼拌猪肉
She also did very little exercise.
她很少参加锻炼
Debbie eats fish but not meat.
黛比吃鱼 但是不吃肉
She lives in New Jersey and was brought up as a Jew.
她住在新泽西州 被当作犹太人抚养
Unlike her twin sister, she
和她的双胞胎姐妹不同
exercises regularly and is very health-conscious.
她定期锻炼并有很强的健康意识
Sharon and Debbie are the perfect experiment.
莎伦和黛比就是绝妙的实验
Carbon copies of each other,
作为对方的翻版
they are living proof of the power of genes.
她们就是基因力量的鲜活证明
Their separate environments have hardly influenced their weight.
不同环境几乎没有影响她们的体重
It seems they were born to be slim.
似乎她们生来就是苗条的
If it really is the case that some
如果的确有人生而苗条
people are born to be thin, could the opposite also be true?
那么反过来是不是同样成立呢
By looking at my family and the large number -
审视我的家庭和庞大数量的
no pun intended -
不是在讽刺
of fat people in my family,
肥胖家族成员
it just to me seems inevitable that I would be large.
我似乎注定是个大块头
This is my natural look because
我就应该是这个样子
it's what I've been given from my generations of predecessors.
因为这是我从老一辈那里继承来的
Maybe we've all been judging the obese too harshly.
也许我们对肥胖者的评价过于尖刻了
Chronic weight gain is a modern-day phenomenon.
慢性增重是一种当代的现象
But could an ability to store fat
然而储存脂肪的能力真的
have actually played a crucial role in our evolution?
在我们的进化历程中起到了关键作用吗
According to obesity geneticist Dr Eric Ravussin,
根据肥胖遗传学家埃里克·鲁瓦森博士的理论