地平线系列：猫咪观察（1）（2014）

because we've got a black kitten which almost certainly
因为那只黑毛的猫宝宝十有八♥九♥
has a dark-coloured father
也有个黑毛的猫爸爸
and then we've got the ginger kittens which will almost certainly
而那只姜黄色的猫宝宝十有八♥九♥
have a ginger father.
是有个姜黄色的猫爸爸
For this one litter of kittens to have two different dads
像这样一窝猫宝宝有两位爸爸的情况
isn't unusual in cats.
在猫类中并不少见
Studies have shown that in some areas,
研究表明在某些区域
over 70% of single litters have multiple fathers.
超过70%的猫宝宝们有着多位爸爸
And the female cats will want to attract as many males as possible
母猫会想尽可能地吸引更多公猫
so she has some choice.
以便自己多些选择
She will come into season, she'll start to smell different
她会进入发♥情♥期 气味也会有所改变
and that's what will attract the males to her
这会为她吸引来公猫
and those pheromones that she emits will attract those males
她释放的信息素会将公猫最远
from as much as a mile away.
从一英里外吸引过来
So, ultimately, with a species that doesn't come into contact
所以最终 对于一个并非经常进行
with another individual very often,
个体交流的物种而言
scent marking is key for a rich array of communication, isn't it?
气味标记便成进行多方交流的关键了 是吧
That's right. Communicating over long distances, over miles even,
是的 在远距离的 远达数英里的交流中
scent is the only way they can get together.
气味是他们走到一起的唯一手段
Our cats' finely-honed vision and hearing
猫咪们精锤细炼的视觉和听觉
evolved as crucial hunting tools for their wild ancestors
乃是其野猫祖先捕猎的有力工具
and their keen sense of smell was vital
而他们至关重要的敏锐嗅觉
in helping these solitary animals communicate with each other.
则能帮这些独居动物互相沟通
But our cats' origins as lone hunters doesn't just explain
但猫咪是孤胆猎手这一缘由还无法解释
the physical workings of their senses,
他们感官的物理机制
it also determines how they interpret the world around them.
感官的物理机制决定了他们如何理解周围世界
John Bradshaw thinks the best way to demonstrate
约翰·布拉德肖认为演示猫咪
our cats' unique perspective on the world
看世界的独特视角的最好方式
is to compare it to our other favourite pet.
便是拿人类最爱的另一类宠物作对照
He's invited both a cat and a dog to visit Cat HQ.
他各请了只喵星人和汪星人来到喵基地
So thanks very much for bringing Theo in. Not a problem.
非常感谢带西奥来 不用客气
What we're going to do is we're just going to see really how
我们要做的便是 观察究竟
he reacts to being in this completely unfamiliar space.
他是怎样面对一个完全陌生的空间的
Come on, Theo.
来吧 西奥
Come on, old chap.
来吧 老伙计
Goodness me. I feel like a midwife.
天啊 我觉得自己就像接生婆
Let's see what he does. All right, Theo.
看他怎么做的 好了 西奥
Doesn't quite know what to do. No, he doesn't.
他不知道该怎么办 嗯 不知道
Well, he's moving around the room exploring
他在房♥里到处探索
but in a very, very crouched posture which is a defensive thing.
但他身子放得非常非常低 那是防御姿态
He's ready for any hidden dangers that there might be.
他准备着应对任何潜在威胁
He doesn't know this is a safe room.
他不知道这房♥间是安全的
And the cat's natural reaction
猫咪的自然反应就是
when they enter somewhere that they don't know is assume the worst.
进入某个不熟悉的地方便做好最坏的准备
Here's another one, Theo.
再吃一个 西奥
And once we put a camera on him,
当我们给他装了摄像机后
it becomes obvious where Theo's interest in the room lies.
就能清楚西奥喜欢待在房♥里哪儿了
Off you go.
走吧
They'll instinctively look for somewhere
他们会本能地寻找那些
where they can feel protected.
自己觉得有安全感的地方
So rather than running out into the middle and exploring that first,
所以他们没有先跑去探索房♥间中♥央♥
they'll go for the narrowest spaces, the most enclosed spaces.
而是去找最狭窄 最封闭的空间
And while they're doing that, they'll ignore people completely.
当他们这样做时 他们会完全无视人类
That is fascinating. I have never seen him in this mode.
这真是有趣 我还从未见过他这样子
Theo, come on.
西奥 来嘛
And now it's time for our canine guest.
现在该让汪星人上场了
So, Hannah, Dan, welcome to Cat HQ. Thank you.
汉娜 丹 欢迎来到喵基地
And, of course, Scout, who we've noticed already is not a cat.
当然还有 丝柯特 她明显不是喵星人了
The scenario is exactly the same.
场景还是不变
Scout hasn't been here before
丝柯特也没来过这里
and doesn't know anyone in the room except her owners.
也不认识房♥里除主人外的其他人
But her reaction is very different.
但她的反应就很不一样了
So Scout is basically using her owners as the secure base.
所以丝柯特基本上是把主人当作安全港了
So this is literally typical dog behaviour,
这就是典型的汪星人模式
every dog pretty much will do this.
绝大多数狗都会这样子
She starts by taking social cues from her owners -
她会保持跟主人的联♥系♥互动
this is the most important thing as far as she's concerned.
这就是她目前的重中之重
So I'm going to try calling her, see if she'll respond to me,
所以我要叫唤她 看她能否作出回应
see if I can get her away from you
看我能否让她离开你
because she seems really nicely attached but let's see.
因为她看着挺热情的 看吧
Scout! Scout! What's this? What's this?
丝柯特 丝柯特 来吧 来吧
She's interested but straight back again
她被吸引过来了 但又直接回去了
because this is her security, if you like.
因为那可以说是她的安全港
What we're seeing here is a typical example of the difference
我们现在看到的就是喵汪有别的
between cats and dogs.
一个典型例子
The cat was exploring the physical environment
猫咪会探索这个物理环境
and really to begin with, ignoring his owners completely.
并且完全无视他的主人
Whereas Scout, typical dog,
像丝柯特这样的狗狗
is paying attention to what her owners are doing the whole time.
则会一直注意主人的行为
The room is of lesser importance.
这个空间反倒没那么重要
Scout looks to her owners for reassurance
丝柯特跟着主人以安心
because she's descended from a social pack animal, the wolf,
因为她的祖先是社会型动物 狼
which was then bred by us
后被人类驯化
to become a friendly, obedient, household pet...
成为友好听话的家中宠物
..whereas Theo is still more closely related to his wild ancestors,
而西奥与其野猫祖先的联♥系♥更为密切
solitary hunters whose survival depended on knowing
孤胆猎手要生存就得熟知
every inch of their turf.
自己地盘的一毫一寸
So in a new situation, he relies on his senses to find a safe place
所以到了新环境里 他就会用感官去寻找安全点
rather than looking to his owner.
而不是黏着主人
Hello, Theo.
哈喽 西奥
Right. Say goodbye, Theo, to everybody. Bye-bye.
好了 说再见 西奥 向各位说再见了
Knowing their territory is crucial for all our cats
了解自己的领地对所有猫咪来说都是至关重要的
and like Theo, most cats are anxious in new places,
和西奥一样 多数猫咪到了新环境都会叫略
so it's rare for cats to deliberately change where they live.
所以很少见有猫咪会刻意变换生活环境的
But at the beginning of our study,
但在我们的研究之初
we came across a cat that seemed to be doing exactly that.
我们遇到了一只不走寻常路的猫咪
At Kali the fly catcher's village home,
在捕蝇猫凯莉的乡间家里
an intruder cat was making a regular appearance.
一只外来猫倒成了这里的常客
Hello, you.
你好啊
Come here.
来吧
He's been visiting us for the last six months.
六个月来 他一直都会来
And he's very friendly with my cats.
他跟我的猫挺好的
He just comes in, wanders around and we feed him.
他进来逛逛 我们就喂他
The mystery visitor wasn't one of our hundred cats,
这位神秘访客并不在我们选定的百只猫里面
so our scientists wanted to find out who he was
所以我们的科学家想要知道他是谁
and why he seemed to be looking for a new home.
为什么他似乎是要找个新家的样子
They asked Kali's owner to help.
他们请求凯莉的主人帮忙
I would love to know who his mum, dad are.
我也想知道他的爸爸妈妈是谁
And today I'm going to put a phone number on his collar
今天我会在他的项圈上绑个电♥话♥号♥码
and hopefully they'll get in touch.
希望他的主人会联♥系♥过来
A few days later, we discovered that the intruder was Diggy,
几天后 我们知道了来访者叫小迪
a three-year-old tabby who lives on the next street.
他是隔壁街上的一只三岁大的虎斑猫
We got Diggy three years ago.
我们三年前养的小迪
He's a rescue cat so we're not exactly sure of his date of birth.
他是只受救猫 所以我们不知道他的具体生日
He came to live with my husband and I
他开始和我及我的丈夫生活
and was very kind of sociable with us and friendly.
和我们的关系都非常融洽
But there's a very good reason why he's now spending a lot of time
但有个极佳的理由让他现在耗费多时
away from home.
要离家而去
Joseph.
约瑟夫
Sorry.
抱歉
The baby does like the cat
宝宝很喜欢猫咪
but I'm not so sure that the cat likes the baby.
但我觉得猫咪可不怎么喜欢宝宝
'I think Joseph thinks Diggy's a teddy
我觉得约瑟夫把小迪当作玩具了
'so he kind of runs after him, leaps on him and puts his hands deep into his fur
所以他会追上他 跃过他 用手钻进他的毛里
'and Diggy's ears instantly go back and tail down.
小迪则会马上垂下耳朵和尾巴
'He's not happy about it at all but he won't react.'
他很不喜欢这样 但他也不回应
Yeah, it's Diggy. It's Diggy. Gently.
这是小迪 小迪啊 轻一点儿
Come on.
听话啦
Gently.
轻轻地
Poor Diggy. No, keep him up nice and high.
可怜的小迪 来 让他待在高处吧