地平线系列：猫咪观察（1）（2014）

and they've hardly changed.
他们也无太大变化
So what happens when the senses that evolved for survival in the wild
所以为野外生存进化而来的感官
collide with the domesticated cat's world?
在家猫身上又会怎样呢?
Three-year-old Daisy is one of our village cats
3岁的黛西是我们研究的一只乡下猫
and like 80% of the cats in our study,
和研究小组内80%的猫一样
she has a cat flap to get outside.
她有个猫洞可供外出
But Daisy refuses to use hers.
但黛西不想用她的猫洞
Trapped inside, she rarely ventures out
受困家中 她也很少冒险外出
unless she can persuade a human to help.
不过有人帮忙的话就不一样了
Do you want to go out?
你想出去吗?
Do you want me to open the door?
要我帮你开门吗?
Come on, then. Go on, then.
好了 出去吧
Off you go.
走吧
We have a cat flap that, you know,
我们装了个猫洞
Daisy can come in and out of as she so desires,
好让黛西能自如地进出
but she'd much rather use the door
但她并不怎么使用那猫洞
and we think this is because she's terribly, terribly posh
我们觉得她是太过娇贵了
and just refuses to do work that humans can do for her.
非得让人来帮她开门
So she'd much rather stand and wait for the door to be opened
所以她更喜欢站在那儿等人去开门
than actually push.
而自己不用猫洞
She is the princess cat.
她是只公主猫
She is the princess cat. Too posh to push.
她是公主猫 娇贵得不用猫洞
And she's doing that now.
她又在那儿等着了
Vet Rachel Casey tackles problem cat behaviour on a daily basis
兽医 蕾切尔·凯西 每天都在对付猫的问题行为
and she believes Daisy's reluctance
她相信黛西的抵触行为
is caused by something far more fundamental than sheer laziness.
远远不是太懒惰那么简单
Experienced through the senses of her wild ancestors,
用着野猫祖先传下来的感官来看
this simple piece of plastic can be terrifying.
这小小一块塑料板是很恐怖的
Cat flaps are very different things for people and for cats.
猫洞对于人类和猫来说是非常不一样的
Now you go off to the pet store and you buy something
你进了宠物商店 然后买♥♥了些
which says cat door or cat flap and it makes sense to you entirely,
你自觉得有用的猫洞
to have a little hole that's convenient for us
来让我们省事
for cats to go in and out.
也让猫咪进出
But from a cat's point of view, it's a really small space
但在猫看来 那空间实在太小
that she can't really see through very easily,
她很难透过它看清外面
she can't smell what's on the outside and she can't hear what's going on.
她闻不到外面的气息 也听不到外面的声音
It's almost like Russian roulette.
它就像是个俄♥罗♥斯♥轮盘赌
So she's coming through into a kind of complete unknown
所以她会陷入一种完全无知的状态
without any of her normal senses to be able to work out
她的所有正常感官都不起作用了
if there's any threats there.
不知道外面是否有威胁
Through Daisy's eyes, a wide open door has far more appeal
在黛西看来 一扇大开的门更有吸引力
than a tiny flap that gives her no opportunity to scan for danger.
因为狭小的猫洞让她没法侦测是否有威胁
I think the key thing is to try and convince her
我觉得关键是要让她相信
that there isn't a threat outside.
外面完全没有威胁
Yes. And probably the best way of doing that is giving her cover.
而最好的方法大概就是设置些遮蔽点了
The cover will give her time to use her eyes and ears
遮蔽点让她有时间去使用眼睛和耳朵
to spot any threats.
来发现威胁
But can something so simple really change Daisy's behaviour?
但这么简单的设置就能改变黛西的行为吗?
To find out, we're installing a camera that triggers
为了探明这个 我们安装了个摄像头
every time the cat flap is used.
猫洞一用 它就拍照
We've got a Raspberry Pi single board computer
我们用的是树莓派单片机
and the camera module which is attached to it.
上边连着个摄像模块
If we can get the cat flap to do something,
当猫洞一被使用时
we should be able to see it happening...
我们就能看到整个场景
..and there we are.
就是这样
With the cover in place and the camera capturing every move,
有了遮蔽点和摄像头的监控
will Daisy be persuaded to push?
黛西会改变心意走猫洞吗?
A week later, the family comes to meet Rachel at Cat HQ.
一周后 这家人来到喵基地会见蕾切尔
But our cat flap pictures show that not everything
但我们的猫洞监控画面显示并非一切
has gone according to plan.
都按部就班
Hello, nice to see you. Hello! How's the gorgeous Daisy?
你好 见到你真高兴 你好 黛西怎么样了
She's fabulous, yes, really good, thank you.
她很好 真的很好 好的 谢谢
Now you can see straightaway that Daisy isn't always being left
现在你能直接看到 黛西并不总是
on her own to go through the cat door. No, that's true.
自己走过那猫洞的 嗯 不总是
I don't know whose arms those are. No... Are they your arms? ..it's...
我不知道那是谁的手 是你的手吗
My arm. OK.
我的手 好吧
But we do actually have Daisy. OK.
但黛西也有自己走过去的 是啊
So Daisy is using it so this is obviously night-time,
所以黛西明显是在晚上使用猫洞的
quite dark and she's going through on her own.
那时很黑了 她自己走了过去
But then she's being helped again. Ah, OK, yes, right.
不过这里她又被帮了一下 啊 是的
Oh, being helped again.
哦 又被帮了一次
Mm, OK.
额 好吧
A very nice selfie... Thank you.
自♥拍♥不错 过奖了
There are lots more pictures of people than we do of cats.
人的照片要比猫的照片多了
There is rather, isn't there?
多得多了 是吧
I know it's really tempting
我知道这很难忍♥住
and you're desperate to get her to go out through that way,
你们也很想让她走猫洞出去
but I'm not sure that it's helping her
但我不好说这能帮到她
cos she needs to be able to work it out herself. Yeah.
她需要自己来适应 好的
Despite all the unwanted assistance,
抛开所有外部帮助来看
the results show Daisy IS starting to use the cat flap on her own.
结果显示黛西确实开始自己使用猫洞了
So here is the day that we put the intervention into place,
这就是我们设置遮蔽点的那天
here on this day in the middle. Yep.
中间的那一天 是的
You can see beforehand, six days before she's using it a little bit. Yep.
你能看到之前的6天她不怎么用猫洞 是的
Afterwards she's using it a bit more.
而之后她用得有点多了
That's interesting, yeah.
这挺有趣的
Probably, I guess, double the amount, so it has increased.
是啊 使用次数多了一倍了
Rachel's help means Daisy can now use her senses
蕾切尔的建议使得黛西现在能够运用其感官
to scan for threats in her territory.
来侦测她领地内的威胁
And our cat cameras are revealing just how much time
而我们的猫摄像机也揭示了猫咪们
all our cats spend patrolling and monitoring the world around them.
花了多少时间来巡逻和监控身边的世界
But if you really want to scope out your territory,
但如果你真想细审自己的领地
there's one place that's better than any other.
那么有个地方是最合适不过了的
Up high.
即 高处
Pixie likes very much to sit on top of the cabinets,
皮可茜很喜欢坐到柜子顶部
so that she can look down, that's the wall cabinets,
然后她就能向下眺望了 在墙柜上
so that she can look down on all the world beneath her
她就能审视身下的整个世界了
and it presumably makes her feel strong.
大概这能让她觉得自己很强大吧
Yeah, Rice does love high-up places.
对啊 莱丝确实喜欢到高处
One of his favourite beds is up on top of the closet.
他最喜欢的一张床就在柜子的顶部
Ozzie likes to climb the tree, get right to the top
奥兹喜欢爬树 爬到顶部
and then meow very loudly to show us he's up the tree.
然后大声地喵喵叫 让我们知道他在树上
And then when we've seen him he'll jump back down again.
然后我们再看着他跳下来
A cat feels most secure when it's able to observe everything around it,
能够观察到身边的一切会让猫最有安全感
so often that means reaching a high vantage point.
通常对他们来说就是要有个制高点
And that's no problem for a cat
对猫来说这是小菜一碟
because of its superb sense of balance
因为他们有着高超的平衡感
and extraordinary natural agility.
和天生的非凡灵活性
The average moggie can perform stunts that in us
猫所能展示的特技对于我们来说
would simply be impossible.
简直就是不可思议的
Scaling a sheer vertical wall...
爬上几近垂直的墙
..righting themselves while falling through midair...
从半空中落下时修正自身姿势
..and balancing on the narrowest ledge with poise.
在最狭窄的架子上平衡自若
Part of the reason for this extraordinary sense of balance
这种非凡平衡能力的部分原因
is the vestibular system.
是前庭系统
Like us, cats have fluid filled tubes inside their inner ear.
和人类一样 猫耳内也有充满液体的管子
At the base of these tubes
在管子的根部
tiny hairs called stereocilia detect any movement in the fluid
名为静纤毛的细毛会侦测液体的一切运动
telling the cat its speed, its direction and which way is up.
让猫知道自己的速度 方向 高低
But they also have an anatomical advantage we don't...
但他们还有着我们没有的解剖学上的优势
..their tails.
他们有尾巴
At the Royal Veterinary College's Structure and Motion Laboratory,
在皇家兽医学院的结构和运动实验室里
Alan Wilson is studying just how the tail works.
艾伦·威尔逊正在研究猫尾巴的机制
So she's on the beam here which is narrow
她在这狭窄的棍子上
and you can see it's swinging around on these four chains,
你能看到这四条链子还会晃动
so this is really quite challenging, even for a cat.
所以对猫来说 这也是挺有挑战性的
It would be impossible for us to walk on it.
我们就不可能在上面走
And if you look at her tail, she's holding it straight up
看她的尾巴 她把尾巴竖直着
and if she feels herself going to the side, losing balance,
如果她感到自己要倾斜失衡了
she can drive the tail to one side or the other,
她就会对应两边摆动尾巴