BBC自然世界：黑曼巴，白女巫（2009）

Want you touch it?
-轻点 轻点 -轻轻地摸
- Softly, softly. - Touch softly.
-这样它就不咬人了 -当然不是
- And it teeth don't bite - No. Absolutely no
每次捕到蛇后
Once we've caught the snake,
各种问题就会接踵而来
we are normally bombarded with questions,
而且事实上我们可以借此
and we can actually
将蛇类知识传授给更多人
educate as many people that way as possible.
安全解决
Safe!
每当我们把惹麻烦的曼巴蛇带走时
Very often when we go and we remove a problematic mamba,
他们问我的第一句话就是"它们会回来吗"
the first thing they say to me, "Are they going to come back?"
我总是答不上来 因为我也不知道
And I never know what to say because I don't know.
我们不确定曼巴蛇的活动范围有多大
We don't know the home range of a mamba.
这些问题促使西娅制定出了一套计划
These questions have spurred Thea to come up with a plan.
-谢谢 -也谢谢你
- Thank you. - Thank you.
如果她能把无线电发射器植入曼巴蛇体内
If she puts radio transmitters into these mambas
追踪它们在野外的位置
and tracks them in the wild,
她就能进一步认识这种神秘莫测的蛇类了
she will be able to gain new insights into this elusive snake.
这就是所谓的遥测技术
This process is known as telemetry.
如果她能获得黑曼巴的活动情况
If she can find out what Black Mambas do,
再见
Byebye.
也许她就能给出一个确切回答了
she may be able to reassure the locals
黑曼巴蛇不会再回来了
that they won't come back.
她也想知道那些放生的蛇
She also hopes to find out whether the snakes she releases
是否适应新环境 他们的辛苦是否白费
survive relocation, or is all their work in vain?
现在是二月初
It's early February,
他们已经营救出了足够的曼巴蛇
and they've now rescued enough mambas
来进行他们的遥感项目
to get their telemetry project underway.
一位专家参与其中来协助他们
To help them, an expert is joining them.
格拉汉姆·亚历山大教授来自
Professor Graham Alexander has come
南非约翰内斯堡的维特沃特斯兰德大学
from the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa.
他曾经追踪过巨蟒和眼镜蛇
He has tracked pythons and cobras before,
在蛇类追踪方面 他可是行家里手
so when it comes to following snakes, he's their man.
-你好 -你一定是西娅
- Hi, how do you do? - You must be Thea.
-你好 我是格拉汉姆 -幸会
- Hi, I'm Graham. - Nice to meet you.
-幸会 -我丈夫克利夫顿
- Nice to meet you. - My husband Clifton.
-你好 克利夫顿 幸会 -幸会
- Hi, Clifton, pleased to meet you. - Pleased to meet you.
感谢您的亲临 真是令人激动
Thank you for coming down. This is very exciting.
别客气 这项计划才是激动人心
You're welcome, this is an exciting project.
我带来了整套麻醉设备
Yeah, I brought a whole anaesthesia machine down
包括氧气设备
with oxygen, the whole works,
所以这次手术应该没有问题
so we shouldn't have any problems with the operation.
今天是给蛇动手术的日子
It's the day of the operations.
由一个兽医和一队处理人员
They have a vet and a team of handlers
将遥测发射器安全地植入蛇体内
to safely implant the radio transmitters.
就这样直直地插♥进♥去 我能感觉到
There you go, that's straight down, I can feel it going down.
即使是经验极为丰富的兽医
Anaesthetizing a Black Mamba is an unusual and tricky task
麻醉黑曼巴也是一项超乎寻常的棘手工作
for even the most experienced vet!
他们使用人类手术用氧气进行供氧
They use the same gas as for human operations,
通过蛇的呼吸道通入体内
and it's administered through the snake's breathing tube.
这需要多久
How long should this take?
这得根据个体情况而定
It varies tremendously from one individual to the other,
就算是同种蛇情况也不一
even within one species.
所以我们只能静观其变了
So we'll just have to see how it goes.
这对我来说也是个学习过程
This was a learning curve for me too.
-它开始 -开始放松了 是的
- It's starting to... - Starting to relax, yes.
很好 那么接下来我们要做的是
That's good. So the next thing we need to do
我们要确定它心脏的位置
is we need to establish where the heart of the animal is.
在这里 看 它的心脏在这个位置
There it is. See, there's the heart there.
在那标记一个H 这样我们就一目了然了
Put an H there just so we know what it means.
手术刀的禁落领域
No small helicopter's going to land here!
-很顺利 -好的 见证历史的一刻
- That's looking good. - OK, this is history in the making.
我要切下去了
I'm going to start cutting.
-它有什么反应吗 -没有
- Any reaction there? - Uh-uh.
发射器很小
The transmitters are small
大小刚刚适合蛇的体腔
and fit easily in to the snake's body cavity.
我们把它慢慢放进去了
There we go, it's sliding in.
现在 在我缝合之前
Now I've got to, before I stitch it up,
我得把天线埋在皮肤下面
put the antenna under the skin.
好的
Ok.
我趋向于对一个物种进行研究
I tend obvious species to...to do a study on,
因为它们名声在外
because they have such a reputation,
它们被认为是十分危险的
They're perceived to be so dangerous.
我们仍然对它们一无所知
We still know just about nothing about them.
它们足够装下这个发射器
They're big enough to take the transmitters,
这种项目竟还未对此类蛇开展过 真是意外
So it's actually surprising it hasn't been done before. It really is.
缝合完成了
Stitching is finished.
结束了 干得好
Finished. Well done.
好了
There we go.
可以准备下一批了
So the next bunch are ready to go.
它已经开始吐信子了 太棒了
Oh, it's already flickering it's tongue. Perfect.
开始吧
There we go.
小心你的手指
Mind your fingers.
随着第一条成功地完成手术
With the first one through the operation successfully,
接下来的手术顺理成章
the others follow quickly.
有四条蛇的体内植入了发射器
Transmitters have been implanted into four snakes,
它们都将被放生
all of which will be released
在爬行动物园周围的保护区内
in to the reserve around the Reptile park.
有两条是保护区内土生土长的曼巴蛇
Two are resident mambas, who come from the reserve.
它们是实验对照组
These will be the control group.
另外两条则是外来的曼巴蛇
The other two are translocated mambas
来自距离此地100公里的居民区
that have been rescued from houses 100 kilometres away.
现在 他们将
They will now be able to
密切关注这两个分组的日常活动情况
follow the daily movements of the two groups,
进行相应情况比对
to see how they compare.
终于 手术全部完成
Finally, all is complete.
这些曼巴蛇将在爬行动物园待一个晚上
The mambas will have a night to recover in the reptile park.
这是个振奋人心的新开端
It's an exciting new start,
在早上被放生后
Who knows what secrets they will reveal
它们将为我们展现出怎样不为人知的一面呢
when they are released in the morning?
-做得很好 很棒 -干的好
- Good work, well done. - Well done.
随着遥测项目有条不紊进行中
With the telemetry project now underway,
西娅的注意力转向了一个巨大的挑战上
Thea's attention turns to one of her biggest challenges,
那就是当地居民该如何处理蛇咬伤
the way local people deal with snakebites.
斯威士人已经到了谈蛇色变的地步
The Swazi people are petrified of snakes, absolutely.
当地居民被咬伤后
The local people, when they get bitten,
由于他们的住所
because of where they are in their homesteads,
通常远离医院 并且交通闭塞
they're so far from medical facilities, transport is non-existent,
这造成他们无法及时接受医疗救治
and it takes them forever to get to medical help.
由于缺乏资金
Due to lack of funding,
这里缺乏抢救用的抗蛇毒血清
life-saving anti-venom isn't available here,
因此 第一选择就是向当地的土医师求救
so the first option is to turn to the local traditional healer.
他们使用一种名叫穆梯的草药方
They prescribe herbal medicines known as "Mooty"
来治疗蛇咬伤
to treat snakebite,
这种药方是由树根和干蛇皮制成
made from tree roots and dried-up snakes.
人们极为信赖这些治疗
Confidence in these cures is strong.
大多数的斯威士人
The majority of Swazis,
上至皇室家族下至平民百姓
from farm workers to the Royal family,
都寻求土医师的治疗
consult traditional healers.
他们依赖这些土医师
They rely on the traditional healers
信任他们的医术
and they believe in tranditional healers
而且我们也不应该把他们的说法不当回事
and I don't think we should disregard what they have to say.
一条黑曼巴的舌头 它的皮
The tongue of a Black Mamba, the skin...
他们的很多治疗方法确实起了作用
A lot of their treatments really do help.
对于蛇咬伤我不能十分肯定
I'm not so sure about snakebites,
但他们所使用的其它草药确实见效了
but many of the other herbs that they do use do benefit,
是真的起作用了
it really does.
被黑曼巴咬伤需要相当专业的医疗救治
A Black Mamba bite needs sophisticated medical treatment,
然而大部分斯威士人只能获得一些土药方
but most Swazis only have access to traditional medicines,
因此很多人相继死去
so many people die.
当地刚发生了一场悲剧 就在四天前
There has been a local tragedy. Four days ago,
一个年仅13岁的女孩 唐戈缇蕾