苏格兰的伟大之旅（2010）

妇女的情况并不罕见
It was not uncommon for women
要有18到20次的怀孕。
to have 18 to 20 pregnancies.
这限制了你的旅行范围。
That limits how much you can travel.
但有些妇女确实逃离了家庭领域。
But some women did escape the
domestic realm.
1803年，多萝西-华兹华斯，诗人威廉的妹妹、
In 1803, Dorothy Wordsworth, sister
of the poet William,
踏上了著名的苏格兰之旅。
embarked on a celebrated tour of
Scotland.
多萝西-华兹华斯最初是和她的兄弟一起旅行的。
Dorothy Wordsworth was travelling
initially with her brother
并与塞缪尔-柯勒律治一起，他当然是、
and with Samuel Coleridge who was, of
course,
他是多萝西和威廉-华兹华斯的伟大朋友。
a great friend of Dorothy and William
Wordsworth.
现在，桃乐丝是怎么做的，与两位诗人一起旅行？
Now how did that work out for
Dorothy, travelling with two poets?
我的感觉是，这两位诗人可能无法通过
My feeling is that the two poets
probably wouldn't have got past
如果多萝西没有和他们在一起的话，就会在格雷特纳格林。对。
Gretna Green if Dorothy hadn't been
with them. Right.
她是个务实的人。
She was the practical one.
能干的多萝西带领诗人进行了一次文学朝圣之旅
The capable Dorothy led the poets on
a literary pilgrimage
穿过西南部，寻找另一位诗人的遗产、
through the south-west, searching
for the legacy of another poet,
罗伯特-伯恩斯。
Robert Burns.
这里是邓弗里斯，苏格兰国家公园的所在城镇。
This is Dumfries, the town where
Scotland's national Bard
住了三年，直到他去世。
lived for three years until his
death.
你可以把伯恩斯想象成一种早期的埃尔维斯-普雷斯利的样子
You can imagine Burns as a sort of
early Elvis Presley
而就在普雷斯利的家，格雷斯兰，成为圣地的时候、
and just as Presley's home,
Graceland, became hallowed ground,
罗伯特-伯恩斯的简陋住所也是如此
so too did the humble home of Robert
Burns
当他于1796年在邓弗里斯这里去世时。
when he died here in Dumfries in
1796.
华兹华斯夫妇，像其他吟游诗人的粉丝一样，来到这里，希望
The Wordsworths, like other fans of
the Bard, came here in the hope
在家里找到伯恩斯的遗孀，或者也许瞥见了孩子们。
of finding Burns' widow at home, or
perhaps glimpsing the children.
但Jean Armour那天并不在。
But Jean Armour wasn't in that day.
相反，华兹华斯夫妇在诗人的墓前表达了他们的敬意。
Instead, the Wordsworths paid their
respects at the poet's grave.
但对伟大的崇敬有时会以意想不到的方式表现出来。
But reverence for greatness can
sometimes show itself in unexpected
ways.
在多萝西访问的三十年后，伯恩斯的坟墓被撬开。
Three decades after Dorothy's visit,
Burns' grave was broken into.
这在我们现在看来几乎是不可想象的，但在1834年、
It seems almost unimaginable to us
now, but in 1834,
在黑暗的掩护下，镇上四个有名望的人、
under cover of darkness, four
respectable men of the town,
包括报纸编辑和一名外科医生、
including the newspaper editor and a
surgeon,
闯入伯恩斯的坟墓，取出他的头骨。
broke into Burns' tomb and removed
his skull.
但这种看似可怕的亵渎行为
But this seemingly macabre act of
desecration
是出于最高的动机--促进我们对人类天才的理解。
was done with the highest motives -
to further our understanding of
human genius.
梅根-科耶告诉我关于伯恩斯和膈肌学之间的联♥系♥、
Megan Coyer tells me about the link
between Burns and phrenology,
早期科学，试图绘制智力器官的地图
an early science that tried to map
the organs of the intellect
通过测量头骨的轮廓。
by measuring the contours of the
skull.
嗯，这叫做 "膈肌学简介"
Well, this is called "An Introduction
To Phrenology"
前面的板块实际上是非常有用的
and the front plate is actually
really useful
用于说明科学
for illustrating the science
你可以看到这里有一个头骨。
and there you can see there is the
skull here
还有一张地图，上面有一些小数字
and there is a map with little
numbers on it
而每一个数字都对应着一个单独的器官。
and each of the numbers correspond to
an individual organ.
你认为那天晚上来这里的人
Do you think the men who came here
that night
试图进一步提高伯恩斯的声誉、
were trying to further Burns'
reputation,
以某种方式支持它并把他放在一个基座上
to somehow bolster it and put him on
a pedestal
并说："这个人在这里
and say, "Here is this man
"我们已经发现了他的诗歌♥天才的所在地？"
"and we've discovered the seat of
his poetic genius?"
人们对伯恩斯产生了浓厚的兴趣
There was a great deal of interest in
Burns
因为他是一个超越阶级的天才、
because of the fact that he is a
class-transcendent genius,
"上天赐予的耕种者"。肾上腺素学家们非常重视
the "heaven-taught ploughman."
The phrenologists were very much
站在大自然的立场上，而不是站在培养的立场上
on the side of nature over nurture
而如果我们能通过阅读伯恩斯的大脑来表明
and if we could show by reading
Burns' brain
他是天生的诗意、
that he was naturally poetic,
这将会是膈肌学的一个大胜利。
that would be a big triumph for
phrenology.
他们特别关注的一个器官是他的仁爱器官、
One organ that they particularly
fixated on was his organ of
benevolence,
这首诗特别大，还有《致老鼠》一诗
which was particularly large,
and the poem To A Mouse
他们说这是一个非常好的说明。
was one that they
said illustrated that very nicely.
一个让他们感到相当惊讶的事情
One that they were quite surprised
about
是，他有一个非常小的爱慕器官。
was that he had a very small organ of
amativeness.
什么？友好。
Of what? Amativeness.
友好？友好性。这是性激♥情♥的器官。
Amativeness? Amativeness. It's the
organ of sexual passion.
嗯，我听到的可不是这样、
Well, that's not what I heard,
我认为他在那方面很有天赋!
I thought he was quite well-endowed
in that department!
嗯，根据他的传记和诗歌♥、
Well, according to his biography and
poetry,
人们会认为他有一个大器官的爱慕之心
one would think that he would have a
large organ of amativeness
但是肾上腺素学家，这也是他们有点狡猾的地方之一、
but the phrenologists, and this is
one of the things that they're a
little bit crafty with,
如果一个器官有点小，与角色不匹配、
if one organ was a bit small and
didn't match up with the character,
他们可以找到另一个能与之抗衡的东西、
they could find another one that
would counter-balance it,
在这种情况下，他们选择了粘性。
in this case they went to
adhesiveness.
对了，这是否补偿了？是的，这就补偿了。
Right, does that compensate?
Yes, that compensated.
很高兴知道...为小编点赞!
It's nice to know... For the small
amativeness!
很高兴知道尺寸并不总是重要的，我想!
It's nice to know that size doesn't
always matter, I suppose!
在他们完成了测量之后、
After they had finished taking their
measurements,
文学家们为伯恩斯的头骨做了石膏模型、
the literary gents took a plaster
cast of Burns' skull,
都是为了支持一门非常可疑的科学的主张、
all to back up the claims of a
highly dubious science,
但如果诗歌♥天才不能在头脑中那么容易找到、
but if poetic genius can't be found
so easily in the head,
那么也许它毕竟是在心里、
then perhaps it's in the heart after
all,
这就是我在下一段旅程中要发现的东西。
which is what I'm going to discover
on the next leg of my journey.
在邓弗里斯以南几英里处有一个风景如画的废墟
Just a few miles south of Dumfries
is a picturesque ruin
有一个令人愉快的女性化的名字，和女性化的氛围。
with a delightfully feminine name,
and feminine atmosphere.
亲爱的修道院是一个女人持久爱情的石头证明。
Sweetheart Abbey is a testament in
stone to a woman's enduring love.
布莱克的指南书设定了场景，描述了德沃-吉勒如何、
Black's Guide Book sets the scene,
describing how Devo Giller,
约翰-巴利奥尔的妻子在1275年建立了这座修道院，作为对她的致敬。
the wife of John Balliol, erected
the abbey in 1275 as a tribute
纪念她的丈夫。
to the memory of her husband.
德沃-吉勒的故事是直接从高级浪漫主义中产生的。
Devo Giller's story is straight out
of high romance.
她是一位讲盖尔语的公主，当时只有13岁。
She was a Gaelic-speaking princess
and was just 13 years of age
当她嫁给盎格鲁-诺曼底骑士John Balliol时
when she married the Anglo-Norman
knight, John Balliol
当Balliol死后，她把他的心脏取出来了
and when Balliol died she had his
heart removed
并放置在一个特殊的、华丽的棺材里
and placed in a special, ornate