动物的末日（2009）

过去的十万年里 其他的火山喷发跟这一次比起来
We do know that it dwarfs anything, anything that's happened
简直黯然失色
in the last 100,000 years.
就在那一瞬间 上千只动物立马被吞噬
Tousands of animal are consumed just a flash of light,
高热一来 什么都没有了
heat then nothings.
爆♥炸♥非常剧烈 熔岩、火山灰还有毒气被猛喷到空中
Still the explosion rages, curling molten rock, ash and noxious fumes into the air.
你可以看到滚滚浓烟被喷发出来
You see these plumes of smoke come out,
气体和灰尘粒子分散到火山四周
and the gases and ash particles are being spread around close to the volcano,
到最后积聚太多 承受不住了就突然爆♥炸♥
and then maybe all of a sudden it was just too much
造成巨大的灾难
and it blew catastrophically.
岩浆室往内塌陷时
As the magma chamber collapses inward,
火山的边缘也跟着破裂了
the edges of the volcano were stretched and cracked.
岩浆就从这些裂缝中喷发出来
These are the weak spots from which the magma explodes.
那些瞬间死亡的动物算是幸运的
Those animals killed instantly are the lucky ones,
其它动物眼睁睁地看着死神即将降临
other see death approaching.
翻滚的火山云雾吞噬着大地
A rolling clouds swallowing up the landscape.
这些碎石云雾被称为火山碎屑流
These clouds of debris called pyroclastic flows,
沿途所经之处片甲不留
completely destroy anything in their path.
它们混合着焦土、水还有碎石 像压路机般碾过森林
They steamroll the jungle, mixing with scorched earth, water and debris.
它的温度实在太高 以至于变成了一种假流体向前移♥动♥
So hot it turns into a pseudo liquid and flows forward,
迅速袭来并摧毁它所经过的地方
rushing over and burning everything in its pathway.
流动滚烫的火山碎屑流向你袭来
It's just this flow hot ash coming at you,
就像庞贝古城一样
like Pompeii,
亚洲似乎回到了古罗马时代
back in Asia in Roman times,
然后它摧毁了沿途的一切
and it just burned everything in its path.
这些灼热的熔岩流温度高达815.5℃
Reaching temperatures of 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit,
行进的速度更是高达每小时96公里
these white hot flows travel over 60 miles per hour,
比人类跑步的速度要快上两倍
over twice as fast as a human can run,
它的速度比板齿犀 甚至比苏门答腊豹还要快
it's faster than Elasmotherium and even the Sumatran leopard.
当火山碎屑流追赶上来时
Being overrun by a pyroclastic flow
到处都是混乱和破坏
would be a really chaotic, devastating, experience,
生命在瞬间就被摧毁
and which life would be over almost instantaneously,
它翻滚得非常剧烈 温度还很高
and be turbulent and it would be excessively hot.
任何人只要遇上火山碎屑流都会痛苦地死去
Any humans caught in a pyroclastic flow, suffer a cruel and torturous death.
当我们看到被强大火山碎屑流所淹没的人类遗骸时
When we look at the remains of humans that have been overrun by power pyroclastic flows,
发现他们身体里的血液都沸腾了
we find that body, body, body fluids boil,
头盖骨先闭合了起来因为里面的大脑易挥发
skull sutures first because of brains volatilize.
这对身体来说这是一个突如其来的大灾难
This would be a really sudden catastrophic event to the body,
死得会非常痛苦 但过程很快
and death would be quick, agonizing but quick.
火山碎屑流吞噬了大半个苏门答腊岛
The pyroclastic flows engulf much of the island,
从中心点流向四面八方 直径达到了161公里
traveling over 100 miles from the epicenter in all directions.
它们需要几个小时的时间才会沉入海中并冷却
It will be hours before they settle over the ocean and cool.
不过这次火山爆发并没有把苏门答腊岛地区的生物全部杀光
But the eruption doesn't kill everything on Sumatra.
在海岛的南端 有人见证了托巴火山的惊人威力
At the island's Southern tip, there are living witnesses to the awesome power of Toba.
一小群无助的猎人正在看着这一切 眼神里充满了恐惧
A small hunting party of humans can't help but watch in horror.
他们在离火山约322公里远的地方
From this distance some 200 miles away,
高温基本伤不到他们
their safe from the heat.
恐怖的火山烟柱似乎正在慢慢地往前移♥动♥
The sickening smoke column appears to move in slow motion.
如果你有幸能够看到托巴火山爆发的话
Have you been able to witnessed Toba
绝对会是一个难以忘怀的经历
would have been a show unparalleled.
整个科学界 包括我们都不能计算出
Scientifically we can't even predict
释放出了多少光和能量
how much light, how much energy is released in the sense,
不知道远远看过去是怎样的一番景象
that what would the phenomenon look like from a distance,
一定会非常的壮观
it would have been amazing.
就像是站在核弹爆♥炸♥现场附近
Something like being fairly close to a nuclear explosion.
几分钟后 火山灰悄悄地朝它们袭来
For several minutes, the ash gathers in silence,
接着如雷鸣般的巨大冲击波也到达了这里
then the thunderous shockwave catches up.
对于这些人来说 这个声音是真的震耳欲聋
For these humans, the sound is literally deafening.
如果他们能够存活下来的话
Assuming that they would have survived,
耳膜也一定被震破了
it would have probably blown out their eardrums.
这些猎人在地上痛苦地扭动着
The hunter is writhe in agony,
多巴火山已经支配了苏门答腊岛上的所有生命
Toba has announced its lethal dominion over the island of Sumatra.
如雷鸣般的爆♥炸♥持续了两个小时才停下
The thunderous explosions continue for two hours before they relent,
但是熔岩还是继续从托巴火山那深不见底的岩浆库里涌出
but lava continues gushing from Toba's fathomless belly.
这个地方曾经是板齿犀和苏门答腊豹的宁静栖息地
This place was once a peaceful habitat for Elasmotherium and Sumatran leopards,
现在托巴火山成了个被庞大高耸的火山灰柱
now Toba is a gaping pit hidden
所覆盖的大坑洞
from sight by an enormous ash column.
800多立方公里的火山灰冲进大气平流层
200 cubic miles of ash pulses into the stratosphere,
上升到8公里多的空中
reaching a height of over five miles.
我们再以圣海伦火山喷发为基准
Again we think of Mount St.Helens is a yardstick,
它喷出了大量的火山灰
a great deal of dust went up enough
足够让华盛顿州以东大部分地区覆盖着十几厘米厚的灰
to coat much of Washington state to the east with inches of ash.
但是如果是这座超级火山在华盛顿州喷发的话
But the equivalent if we had that particular volcano taking place in Washington state,
就会把整个州埋在几百厘米厚的火山灰中
it would have been tens of feet of ash over the entire state.
光是火山灰就可以把整个大峡谷给填平
The ash alone could fill the entire grand canyon to the top.
火山喷发的破坏性极大 但这才刚刚开始
As destructive as the eruption was, it is only the beginning.
托巴火山的灰尘云是它的秘密武器
Toba's ash cloud is the volcano secret weapon.
这些灰尘会慢慢扩散到全世界
Slowly this debris will spread out across the world.
不久之后 地球上的所有生命都要受到托巴火山所带来的致命威胁
Soon every creature on the planet will suffer the lethal power of Toba.
天空上一片灰白且黯淡
The skies they were ashen and sober.
树叶枯干并且脆瑟
The leaves they were crisped and sear.
埃德加·爱伦·坡在1847年这么写道
Edgar Allan Poe, 1847.
距离托巴超级火山爆发已经过了24小时
24 hours have passed since the Toba supervolcano erupted,
这场爆发所带来的灾难已经把苏门答腊岛烧得面目全非
Sumatra is burned and scarred by the disaster.
岛上还存活下来的少数人类躲进山洞里
The few humans alive on the island take shelter in caves,
他们的脑袋都晕乎乎的 耳朵被火山爆发的巨响震聋
dazed, struck death by the volcano's explosion,
茫然不知这个世界发生了什么
and what has happened to their world.
然而新一波的灾难已经开始了
And yet a new wave of destruction is already in motion.
大量灰尘被喷到大气中
Vast amounts of hash pour into the atmosphere.
生活在印度和东南亚的动物呼吸一定会很困难
Animals that were around in India and Southeast Asia would have had a very hard time breathing,
因为空气里充满了大量灰尘和颗粒物
because of all the ash and all the thick particulates in the air.
托巴火山的灰尘柱矗立在岛上
Toba's Ash column towers over the island,
它的直径达到193多公里 高度达到48公里
120 miles in diameter and 30 miles high.
圣海伦火山的火山灰才只喷发到19公里高的空中
Ash from Mount St.Helens reach just 20 miles into the atmosphere.
从太空上看 托巴火山爆发一定像是
From space, the Toba eruption would have appeared
一团越来越大的椭圆形黑灰
as a growing ellipse of dark ash,
渐渐开始往西北方扩散 但是有些会往东边扩散
spreading mostly towards the northwest, but also to the east as well.
在630多公里外的爪哇岛上可以看到那团巨大的灰尘云
It can be seen from Java 400 miles away,
1200多公里外的缅♥甸♥
from Burma 800 miles away,
和1600多公里之外的马来西亚也看得见
from Malaysia more than a thousand miles away.
科学家们相信托巴火山是在夏季季风最强的时候爆发的
Scientists believe Toba erupted in the summertime, at the height of the monsoon season.
在印度洋上生成的热带气旋现在聚合了大量火山灰
Storm systems brewing over the Indian Ocean, now gather huge amounts of ash,
把它们吹向东北方 吹向亚洲深处
and carry them to the northeast, deeper into Asia.
如果你在苏门答腊岛地区把大量的灰尘抛向空中
If you throw dust up into the air in the latitudes of Sumatra,
这些灰尘一定会被风吹走
it is going to be transported.
爆发之后产生的大灰柱会冲向很高的平流层
So it goes up this big plume after the eruption goes up fairly high into the stratosphere,
火山灰实在是不可思议的多
but the volume of dust is what is just almost incomprehensible.
距离火山喷发已经过去了两天
2 days after the eruption,
持续不断降下的火山灰
a steady rain of ash
覆盖了现在是越南地区的一片青翠丛林
coats a once lush landscape in what is now Vietnam.
这里栖息着地球史上很稀有的大型猿类动物
This is home to one of the largest apes to ever walk the face of the Earth,
巨猿
Gigantopithecus.
它们的身高有3米多 重达500多公斤
Nearly 10 feet tall and weighing an astonishing 1,200 pounds,
这种大型猿类比现今最巨大的大猩猩还要高大
this great ape would tower over the largest living gorilla,
体重是它们的三倍
and weigh nearly three times as much.
我们凭借它颚部和牙齿的化石来知道它们的存在
Gigantopithecus is known from fossilized jaws and teeth,
它们长得很像现代的红猩猩
which strongly resemble that of Orangutans in our time.
以如今的红猩猩为基准
Based on living Orangutans as a model,
我们可以想象出巨猿是独居动物
we can imagine that Gigantopithecus was a fairly solitary creature,
它们没有复杂的社会群体
not living in very very complicated social groups,
因此它们跟黑猩猩和大猩猩之类的大型猿猴很不一样
which is kind of in contrast to the chimpanzee and gorilla model of great apes.
就在几天前一切都还很平静
Just days ago all was well,
巨猿在越南的低地草原上不断徘徊 寻找着食物
Gigantopithecus roamed the grassy lowland plains of Vietnam, searching for food.
它们不会去把其他动物掐死 然后吃掉
This isn't something that's good go out and strangle animals and eat them,
它们可能是很温柔的巨人 但是不太聪明
it's a very gentle giant and all probability, not very smart,
其实也用不着太聪明
you don't have to be very smart
它们只是跟大猩猩一样坐在同一个地方 然后摘树上的水果吃
to sit in the same place and just pluck like gorillas fruit off of the tree.
但是巨猿周边宁静祥和的世界被彻底摧毁了
But Gigantopithecus is delicate world has been destroyed.
它们吃的竹子和果实消失了
Its diet of bamboo and fruits is gone,
它们在挨饿
he's starving.
但更加糟糕的是 它们唯一的掠食者也在挨饿
But much worse is only predator in this place is starving too.