动物的末日（2009）

对霸王龙这样的物种的打击尤为严重
devastating for a species such as T-Rex.
这只虚弱的霸王龙看到了一只三角龙
This weakened T-Rex sights a triceratops.
身为霸主的霸王龙曾经把一大群三角龙当做美味佳肴
As ruler, T-Rex once feasted on herds of Triceratops.
不过它再也不是曾经那个它了
He's not master anymore.
估计是因为太饿而忘记了这点 它犯下了致命大错
Forgetting this he makes a fatal mistake.
灾难所造成的连锁反应开始轮番出现
The chain reaction of disaster marches on.
一场大灾难刚刚过去 另一场又接踵而至
As one cataclysm tapers off, another rushes in,
一环接着一环 让生物们没有时间能够恢复
each builds on the other with no time to recover.
笼罩在地球上空的暴风雨云层
Storm clouds gather over planet Earth,
含有几十亿吨♥因撞击而产生的灰尘和有毒的化学物质
laden with billions of tons of ash and noxious chemicals from the impact.
这场新的灾难会波及地球上的每一个角落
This new plague will touch every corner of the globe.
可怕的末日才刚刚开始
The mass extinction is just getting started.
"死亡跟诞生一样 皆是大自然的奥秘"
"Death, like birth, is a secret of nature."
马可·奥勒留在公元二世纪时这么说道
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, second century A.D.
巨大小行星撞击地球之后几天
In the days after a massive asteroid smashed into our planet,
熊熊燃烧的大火摧毁了大地上的一切
a plague of fire has scorched the land.
到处都是动物的尸体
Death is everywhere.
侥幸生还的少数幸存者们只见四周愁云密布
The lucky few to survive see nothing but misery around them.
它们可能会羡慕已经死去的动物
They may have envied the death.
但是我们的祖先哺乳类想要在这个地球上繁荣昌盛
But this is one our ancestors, the mammals have to survive
就必须要经历这场磨难
if they are to inherit the Earth.
现在依旧是撞击之后的第三天
It's still only three days after impact.
你正在目睹新的致命灾难的开始
You are witnessing the beginning of a new lethal plague,
这场灾难将残酷地杀害世界各地更多的恐龙
one that will brutally kill even more dinosaurs throughout the globe.
气候系统由于浓雾 灰尘
Weather systems are being altered dramatically by smoke, soot, ash,
和大量有毒化学物质而彻底地改变了
ash, and a huge influx of toxic chemicals.
影响最大的是撞击时由被蒸发的岩石所产生的硫磺
The most potent is sulfur, produced by the type of rocks, vaporized during impact.
小行星撞击尤卡坦半岛时 它正好落在石膏岩床上
When the asteroid hit in the Yucatan, it landed in that of gypsum.
这种矿物质富含硫磺
A mineral that contains sulfur,
几百万吨♥这种具有腐蚀性的物质
millions of tons of this caustic element
在短短几小时内被炸到大气层中
would have been blasted into the atmosphere in just a few short hours.
如果你舀起这种富含大量硫磺的沉积物
If scoop up the sedimentary sulfur-rich stuff,
它会变成很细的颗粒状物质
it goes up and fine particulate material.
这些颗粒状物质会跟大气里的水分相结合
The sulfur comes in contact with water in the atmosphere.
经过几次化学反应之后会变成硫酸雨
And it converts after several chemical reactions to an acid, sulfuric gas.
天空中充满了有毒物质
The sky are poisoned.
水曾经为这个星球孕育了生命
Water once brought life to the world,
现在只带来了痛苦和死亡
now it brings only pain and death.
这种致命雨水能够腐蚀岩石
Corrosive enough to dissolve rock.
皮肤一旦接触就会被灼伤
This lethal rain would burn flash on contact.
庞大的恐龙无处可逃 饱受摧残
With nowhere to hide, the big dinosaurs suffer intensely.
在如今的中国西部地区
In what is now Western China,
一种大型肉食动物找不到地方躲避这场致命的暴风雨
a large meat-eater can't find shelter from the storm.
它就是霸王龙的近亲 特暴龙
This is Tarbosaurus, a close relative of the T-Rex.
特暴龙身长约12米
Tarbosaurus is just under 40 feet long,
体型只比霸王龙小一点
a little smaller than T-Rex.
它强有力的上下颚布满了60颗如香蕉般大小的牙齿
60 bananas sized teeth line it's powerful jaw.
在灾难发生之前
In the days before the disaster,
特暴龙在这些广阔的河谷和平原上称霸一方
Tarbosaurus stopped these wide river valleys and plains with impunity.
现在则完全变了样
Not anymore.
酸雨倾盆而下 折磨着这些垂死的巨兽
The acid rain comes down in sheets, torturing the duing beast,
致命的暴风雨在几天之内就将这种动物赶尽杀绝
within days the lethal monsoons will drive this animal into extinction.
曾经被特暴龙当成猎物的恐龙
The animals that Tarbosaurus once prayed on
在它们灭绝之后应该能大量繁衍
should be flourishing with them gone,
然而事实并非如此
but they aren't.
它们的猎物泰坦巨龙属于长颈蜥脚龙类的一种
Their prey, the Titanosaurus, are a type of long-necked sauropod,
它们是恐龙一亿五千万年以来漫长族系中的最后一个成员
and the last in a long lineage of dinosaurs stretching back 150 million years.
巨大的长颈蜥脚类恐龙
The longest dinosaurs, the giant sauropods
它们是有史以来陆地上最为高大的动物
were the largest animals that ever lived on land,
种类繁多 称霸着侏罗纪时代的北美洲
and they were really diverse and successful in North America in the Jurassic.
全世界各个大洲都能找得到它们的身影
Titanosaurus could be found on every continent all over the globe.
有些泰坦巨龙身高可以达到30米
Some were over 100 feet long,
比大象的体型大上十倍还多
almost 10 times bigger than an elephant.
日子好过的时候它们经常成群结队地迁徙
In better times the herds wandered constantly,
寻找能够满足它们巨大胃口的地方
always searching for lands that could sustain their enormous appetites.
恐龙日常吃的那些各式各样的植物
This wide variety of plant life that dinosaurs ate on a daily basis
在我们这个时代还是可以考察得到
can still be investigated in our time.
在美国北达科他州雷姆附近地区
Near Raine North Dakota in the United States,
古老溪流河床留下的沉积物保存了很多这样的植物化石
the sediments left behind by an ancient streambed still preserve many of these plants.
那里还有更多 这些真的很不错 你看看那个
There is more there, that's a really nice, look at that one.
切开岩石可以清楚看到它们留下的痕迹
Their impressions are clearly visible when the rocks are split open.
这是世界上已知最丰富的植物化石群
So the richest assemblage known in the world right now.
一共有103种不同的植物
It produces 103 different types of plants,
其中大概85％已经彻底绝种
about 85% are extinct,
其它的则是现代植物的始祖
the others are ancestral to modern plants,
比如美国梧桐 木兰树 月桂
like the Sycamores, the Magnolias, the Laurels,
还有某些红杉也在这里可以找到
and some of the Sequoias there can also be found here.
通过仔细观察
Upon closer inspection,
这个白垩纪晚期冲积平原的生态系统就很清晰明了了
the whole ecology of this late cretaceous floodplain becomes clear.
这些叶片上还保存了害虫
These leaves are known to preserve the insect damage,
戴夫 你可以在这上面看到这些东西
哪里？
- and you can see some on this one here, Dave.
- Where?
注意到这上面的小洞没有？
是的…我看到了
- Notice the little holes that are in here?
- Yeah, I know...
这些是真正的叶子
Those are actual leaf,
叶子的残余物上
uh leaf remains
还保留着昆虫破坏过的痕迹
remains that they are insect damage from the insects,
上面有很多虫害
quite a lot of insect damage.
这意味着当时的昆虫族群还是挺活跃的
So it shows that the insect population was still robust at this time as well.
通过研究这些叶子
By studying these leaves,
科学家们逐渐拼凑出这些恐龙的日常生活
scientists pieced together the daily life of the dinosaurs.
超大体型的长颈蜥脚龙类大概每天要吃几百公斤的植物
Very large sauropods were probably pushing in several hundred pounds of plant material a day.
这表示它们一定也会有几百磅的排泄物
That means they had to be pushing out several hundred pounds of something else at the other end.
如果有一群这种体重达15到20吨♥的动物
And if you have a herd of these animals that weigh 15 or 20 tons,
每一只每天都要排出约几百公斤重的粪便
and they're all making hundreds of pounds of poop every day.
那么或许就有整个生态系的屎壳郎
There's probably a whole ecology of dung beetles
植物 真菌和小动物都会把这些原材料利用起来
and plants and fungi and little animals that took advantage of that those raw materials.
长颈蜥脚龙类曾经是地球上数量最多的恐龙
Long-necked Sauropods were once the most plentiful dinosaurs on Earth.
但是现在下的酸雨就把它们活生生地腐蚀掉
Now acid rain has eaten them alive.
跟很多的大型恐龙一样
Like so many other large dinosaurs,
它们就是找不到安全的地方躲避
they simply can't take refuge.
灾难很快就会把特暴龙以及它们的猎物长颈蜥脚龙类
Along with Tarbosaurus, the disaster will soon drive their prey,
一起逼到灭绝
the Sauropod to extinction too.
世界各地的致命暴风雨无情地残杀一切
All over the world deadly storms kill without mercy.
北美洲的巨大酸性洪水即将冲刷出全新的地貌
In North America, huge acidic floods will scour an entirely new landscape.
在大灭绝发生之前我们看到的是树木丛生的茂密平原
Before the extinction we were dealing with this nice forced to coastal plain.
灭绝发生之后 这些森林好像全都消失了
After the extinction, those forests appear to be gone,
取而代之的则是大规模的洪水
and what appears there instead are massive extensive floods.
北美洲西部内陆几百万平方公里的土地
Hundreds of thousands of square miles of flooded area
全被洪水淹没
in the west interior of North America.
当恐龙世界饱受苦难的时候
But while the world of dinosaurs suffers,
我们的祖先 曾经十分弱小的哺乳类动物就在洞穴里看着这一切
our ancestors, the once vulnerable mammals look on,
庆幸自己躲过了这一劫
thankful they're being passed over.
哺乳类动物体型小
Small size conferred on mammals,
这让它们有能力熬过这样的灾难
the ability to ride something like this out.
因为它们可以寻找避难所
Because they could seek refugia
来躲过灭绝一开始对环境所造成的重创
from the initial environmental destruction.
它们躲在隐藏的洞穴中
From their hidden layers,
聆听着以前地球霸主那无助的哀嚎声
they hear their former rulers become helpless victims.
或许有一天它们可以安全地出来
Perhaps one day it will be safe to come out,
但是它们现在必须躲起来
but for now they must keep out of sight,
因为现在外面到处都在下着死亡之雨
as death rains down everywhere.
灾难发生的第四天
Day four,
具有腐蚀性的大雨开始污染地球巨兽的最后据点
the corrosive downpour has begun to poison the last bastion of Earth's giants,
海洋
the oceans.
海洋曾经生机勃勃
The sea once pulsed with life,
是各种各样动物的家园
home to a rich variety of animals.
大海里有很多种不同的鱼类
There are many different types of fish.
其中特别有名的是一种叫蛇颈龙的海洋生物
An animal that we hear a lot about our animals called Plesiosaurs,
它的样子一定很像尼斯湖水怪
which look at would look a lot like a Loch Ness Monster basically.