动物的末日（2009）

a T-Rex emerges into the clearing.
这只可怕的动物有网球场那么长
The awesome beast is as long as a tennis court,
体重将近7吨♥
and weighs 16,000 pounds,
就跟一头非洲象一样重
as much as an African elephant.
现在地球上最大型的掠食动物是狮子
Our biggest predators on the planet today the lions,
还有那些特别大的老虎
maybe the really big tigers.
但它们在霸王龙的面前只能算是个小角色
These are tiny compared to a T-Rex.
我曾经接近过美洲狮等大型猫科动物
I've been on the ground around a big cats like Pumas,
它们的体型大得不得了
and it's incredible how big they are,
而你自己却多么弱小而又无助
and how aware you are, it's how small and weak and defenseless you are.
你可以想象一下有一头体型跟大象那么大的动物
Now imagine an animal, it's the size of an elephant,
它的头部就有一个成年人的身体那么长
they has a head as long as a human being,
而且每天都要吃上几千公斤的肉
that is used to eating thousands of pounds of meat in a day.
我简直不敢想象这有多么的可怕
I can't even imagine how horrifying that would be.
霸王龙的嘴部构造就只为了一个目的
T-Rex's mouth is designed for a single purpose,
咬死猎物 并把它们吃掉
to kill and eat prey.
它强壮而有力的颚部结构
It's powerful jaws can
可以用超过几吨♥的咬合力把猎物咬死
puncture its victim with over 10,000 pounds of force,
咬过肌肉 并轻易地咬碎骨骼
enough to bite through flesh and easily crush bone.
以生物学的角度来看 霸王龙就是一台会走路的绞肉机器
T-Rex in an ecological sense was a walking meat cookie-cutter.
霸王龙的嘴巴是U形的
T-Rex had a mouth the shaped like a "U",
它的牙齿前面有扁平的边缘
and it had teeth with flat edges around the front,
可以伸进去并咬出一大块肉
just reach in and take out big scoops of meat.
它不会去咀嚼 而是把食物直接吞进肚中
He cannot chew and instead swallow his food hold,
一口就可以吞下超过70公斤的肉
gulping down over 150 pounds of meat in a single bite.
但这也不足以让它存活下来
But it won't be enough to sustain.
也熬不过即将到来的灾难
Not through what's coming.
我们所了解的霸王龙和很多北美地区的其他恐龙
Much of what we know about Tyrannosaurus Rex and other North American dinosaurs,
都来自于一个被称为地狱溪岩层的地方
comes from an area known as the Hell Creek Formation.
现在这里是位于蒙大拿州和北达科他州之间的偏僻荒原
Today it is a remote Wilderness in the Badlands of Montana and North Dakota.
但是在白垩纪时期 这里是一大♥片♥冲积平原
In the Cretaceous, it was a vast alluvial plain,
栖息着大量恐龙
teeming with dinosaurs.
300万年以来
43 million years,
溪流不断在泛滥时期留下沉积物
streams were depositing sediments during their flood stages.
在泛滥平原的沉积层上形成黏土和泥土
They would have clays and muds forming all over the floodplain deposit,
我们现在所看到的是
and what we see now are the soils
在200到300万年之间沉积的土壤
that were laid down that we're deposited during that two or three million years,
从底部开始 一层层地堆到顶层
starting from the bottom just one soil after another coming up to the top.
白垩纪的最后那200到300万年间
And the dinosaurs and the plants were doing very well
恐龙和植物都很繁盛
for those final two million years of the cretaceous.
霸王龙是地狱溪之王
T-Rex is King of the Hell Creek.
几天以来 全世界夜空中的宁静都被这些来自天空中奇怪的
For days now sleep patterns worldwide have been disturbed by the constant
一闪而过的光线所扰乱
glow from the strange light in the sky.
种种迹象表明 恐龙称霸地球超过1.5亿年的日子
It's the dinosaurs only clue that the life they've known for over 150 million years
即将走到尽头
will soon be over.
还剩下5个小时恐龙王国就要毁灭了
The kingdom of the dinosaurs has just five hours left.
这里是撞击的中心点
This is ground zero,
但它并不在陆地上
ironically it isn't on the ground at all.
这里是现今的墨西哥尤卡坦半岛地区
Today it is the Yucatan, Peninsula of Mexico.
这里的海洋首先会被毁灭
The sea here will be obliterated first,
海面下丰富的物种
along with the teeming life,
还有那些弱肉强食的好戏也将同时消失
and violent drama that exists below the surface.
如果我们有幸潜到那时候的海底
If we were a diver luckily enough to be there,
我们并不会看到目前已知的各种鱼类
we wouldn't have seen the schools of fish that we know now,
我们只会看到成群的菊石
we would have seen schools of fish and schools of Ammonites.
这些长着带有条纹壳的漂亮头足类动物
These beautiful shame bird Cephalopods
很像是套在大贝壳里的乌贼
like squid stuffed in a big shell,
现在的鹦鹉螺就是它们的近亲
the living Nautilus is the closest relative.
我们会在鱼类之间看到大群的菊石
So we see schools of these in among the fish,
然后在它们之间穿梭的时候我们会看到海洋爬行类动物
and the diving among them all we see the marine reptiles.
在海洋中最可怕的海洋爬行类动物是沧龙
The most feared marine reptile is the Mosasaur.
沧龙是非常凶猛的掠食动物
The Mosasaur is a voracious predator,
长度将近15米 重达20吨♥
nearly 50 feet long and weighing 20 tons.
它会用很灵敏的嗅觉不慌不忙地慢慢追踪猎物
It used an excellent sense of smell to track its prey slowly and deliberately.
我不得不说
I don't think it's reasonable to say
白垩纪末期的海洋比现代的海洋更加危险
that the latest Cretaceous seas were more dangerous than modern seas.
但是我必须告诉你的是
But I have to tell you that
像沧龙这样的动物是非常可怕的掠食者
an animal like a Mosasaur would be a very formidable preator,
当然它跟大白鲨或者虎鲸一样可怕
certainly as formidable as a great white or a killer whale.
至少我自己就不会想成为
And I for one would not like to be
白垩纪末期的海豹
the seal in the latest cretaceous,
等着被这些可怕的掠食者吃掉
waiting to be served up to one of those animals.
沧龙对慢条斯理的菊石很感兴趣
Mosasaurs prefer the slow-moving Ammonites.
但是今天 它的动作一定要快
Today however, he needs to hurry.
自小行星出现在天空的那一刻开始
From the moment the asteroid appears in the sky above,
它就只有几秒钟的时间享用美餐
you'll have mere seconds to finish his meal
然后就要被毁灭了
before he's destroyed.
在距离撞击中心点不远的一处海岸线上
On a coastline not far from what will be ground zero,
这些怖鳄的生命就只剩下几秒钟了
these Phobosuchus have only seconds to live.
这种巨大咸水鳄的长度将近12米
These giant saltwater crocodiles are 40 feet long,
站起来时跟一个成年人一样高
and can stand eye to eye with a full-grown man.
它们丝毫不知道还剩下十秒钟 地球就要毁灭了
Little do they know, planet Earth has just ten seconds left.
在短短几秒钟的时间里
In mere seconds,
重达一万亿吨♥的小行星就完全蒸发了
the asteroid 1,000 billion tons of it is completely vaporized.
我们要讨论的是每秒飞行好几公里的东西
We're talking about something is traveling at many miles per second.
通俗点讲
So basically what happens,
约10公里宽的小行星完全蒸发了
is that the six-mile-wide asteroid becomes entirely vaporized,
然后变成了约10公里宽的爆♥炸♥火球
and becomes a 6 mile wide bomb.
它撞出一个约48千米深的坑洞
It gouges a whole 30 miles deep,
其深入地下的距离
as far underground as
远远超过任何飞机在空中飞行的高度
any plane has flown above the Earth.
它所产生的能量非常巨大
The energy is so great,
就连构成地壳坚固的岩石也变成了液态
the solid rock of the Earth's crust is acting like a liquid.
这里所产生的物理变化
The same dynamics are at work
就像把一块石头丢进水池里一样
when a stone is thrown into a puddle of water.
你可以通过计算算出它所释放的能量高达一亿百万吨♥
You calculate the energy involved and it's 100 million megatons.
而一百万吨♥的爆♥炸♥威力就相当于一颗中型氢弹爆♥炸♥所释放出的能量
Where one megaton is an average-sized hydrogen bomb,
当一亿颗中型氢弹同时爆♥炸♥时
100 million average size hydrogen bombs going off all at once,
所释放出的能量大到不可思议
the energy released is colossal.
甚至在月球上也看得到地球发生了小行星撞击
The impact is even visible from the Moon.
我们所说的大灾难要比任何好莱坞电影里面描述到的要更大
We are talking a disaster that out disasters anything Hollywood could even imagine.
一瞬间约160公里半径范围里的水
In split second, all the water in 100 mile radius,
全都变成蒸汽
flashed to steam,
立马就消灭了几百万只动物
annihilating millions of animals instantly.
距离撞击中心点几十公里范围内的所有东西
Anything that was within a few dozen kilometers of the impact,
完全察觉不到有什么事情发生了
they would be completely unaware that anything had ever happened,
当冲击波袭击它们的时候
The shock wave would hit them on a time scale,
快得就连神经细胞也来不及反应
that is much too fast for nerve cells to respond,
它们会当场去世
it be there and then gone.
死神对它们还算仁慈
For them death is merciful,
它们还算是幸运的一群
they are the lucky ones.
在撞击点400多公里半径内的所有生物会立即死去
Anything within a 250 mile radius of the impact dies instantaneously.
撞击半径
墨西哥湾
在稍远一点的地方的动物们会看到一点很亮的闪光
Further out, it would have seen a bright flash of light,
但它们知不知道自己马上就要灭亡呢？
but did they realize they were marked for destruction?
撞击发生才过去了三秒钟
Just three seconds after the impact,
一朵超热的岩石蒸气云
a superheated cloud of rock vapor
以超音速的速度从中心点往外喷出
rushes outward from ground zero at hypersonic speeds.
冲击波来袭
A shockwave.
德州海岸就在两分钟音速距离之外
The coast of Texas is just two minutes away,
接下来就会到达整个北美大♥陆♥
the entire continent of North America is next.
冲击波由于小行星撞击的角度关系
At supersonic speeds,
现在它以超音速的速度往西北方向传播
the shockwave spreads to the northwest, due to the angle at which the asteroid hit,
冲击波
墨西哥湾
它带着震耳欲聋的响声直奔美国海岸
it thunders towards the coast of the United States.
这时候的冲击波一定会像一列大型货运列车一样
And now the shockwave would have been like a freight train,
轰隆隆地从这些恐龙身旁和中间经过
just blowing right by and right through these dinosaurs.
在撞击发生的三分钟后
As much as three minutes after the impact,
身处德克萨斯州的动物或许并没有察觉到周围有什么不对劲
animals in Texas may not have known anything was wrong,
也不知道自己即将被烧成灰烬
or that they would soon be incinerated.
这些正在觅食的鸭嘴龙