PBS.新星.狗狗的起源与演化（2004）

花百万美元投放一个30秒广♥告♥
When you're spending a million dollars on a 30-second commercial,
肯定希望找个养眼的男主角
you want your leading man to have just the right look.
我们想找的 不是施瓦辛格
We're not looking for Schwarzenegger;
而是梅尔·吉布森
we're looking for Mel Gibson,
或者哈里森·福特
or you know, Harrison Ford.
哈里森·福特
Harrison Ford
哈里森·福特绝对是最佳人选
Harrison Ford would be really who we're looking for.
是的 得找个...
Yeah, somebody who...
得找个眼神里透着顽皮光芒
someone who had a little glimmer of mischief in his eyes,
眼神好像在诉说着什么
you know, a spirit behind it.
还有一丝性感 性感到哪都管用
Well, and sex appeal, because sex sells.
性感的确非常重要
Sex appeal is so important.
但如果剧本要求男主角是条狗狗呢
But what if the script says your leading man is a dog?
这狗狗好看吗
Is this the right look?
或者这条
Or is it this?
这条呢
Or this?
事实是
Fact is,
比起世界上其他动物
dogs come in more shapes and sizes
狗狗的品种和大小种类是最多的
than any other mammal on the planet,
对于性感的标准也是眼花缭乱
and there's no shortage of opinions about what's sexy in a dog.
这是个织物除臭剂的广♥告♥
But this commercial is designed to sell fabric deodorizer,
需要找一条人见人爱型的性感狗狗
and it calls for a sexy "everydog" kind of dog,
所以迪诺得到了这个工作
which is why Dino got the job.
迪诺有着不可思议的风度
Dino has this incredible presence—
那种朴实的 脚踏实地的性格
that sort of everyday quality, that sort of down-to-earthness.
他第一次试镜就通过了 太棒了
He came across in the first casting tape. It was great.
迪诺有的不仅仅是漂亮脸蛋
It didn't hurt that Dino's more than just a pretty face.
还是个愿意自己做特技表演的敬业演员
He's the kind of performer who's willing to do his own stunts.
我们以为会用很多电脑特效
We were thinking we were going to have to do computer animation,
要想很多办法才能达到效果
and we were going to have to do all kinds of techniques.
但还不到一周 制片人突然召集我们说
And within a week, all of a sudden the director calls us and he goes,
我不敢相信 这只狗居然能按下喷雾瓶
"I can't believe it, the dog can spray the bottle."
脚 脚
Foot! Foot!
再来一次 脚 好的
One more time. Foot! Good.
迪诺曾被遗弃
Not bad for a dog
被拉斯维加斯领养局收留
who was abandoned and brought to the Las Vegas pound.
五年前 教练就是在那里发现他的
That's where his trainers found him five years ago.
现在他成了明星
Now he's a star.
今晚 新星将会讲述狗狗们的真实故事
Tonight, NOVA tells the true story of dogs.
凶猛的狼怎样变成一只可爱的小狗
How did a fierce wolf become a playful puppy?
为什么它们有那么多的品种和大小
Why do they come in so many shapes and sizes?
还有我们
And what does the future hold
最古老亲密朋友的未来
for our oldest and closest animal companion?
《狗狗的起源与进化》 新星马上为您呈现
Dogs and More Dogs, right now on NOVA.
新星的多数资金由公园基金会提供
Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Park Foundation,
致力于教育和优质电视
dedicated to education and quality television.
我们看到3年来400名员工
We see 400 employees in three years.
在微软
At Microsoft
你的潜能鼓舞我们创造软件来帮助你实现它
your potential inspires us to create software that helps you reach it.
你的潜能 我们的激♥情♥
Your potential, our passion.
给了我们帮助无线通讯更清晰的框架
it's given us the framework to help make wireless communications clear.
Sprint很自豪赞助新星
Sprint is proud to support NOVA.
公共广播公♥司♥
And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting,
作为观众的你献给你的PBS电视台
and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you.
谢谢
Thank you.
《狗狗的起源与进化》
很多方面来看 莱文一家都是典型美国家庭
In many ways, the Levines are a typical American family,
总是忙忙碌碌
always on the run.
他们中的一些觉得 生活可能会更完美
Perhaps life would be better, some of them believe,
如果他们拥有
if only they had...
狗
..dog,
我们该养条狗
we need a dog.
养只狗会很棒
A dog would be great!
我想养一只很大的狗
I want a really big dog!
家里养一只狗 太疯狂了
A dog, in our family, it's crazy.
我很想体验拥有一头宠物的感觉
I think it's a really good thing to grow up knowing
一定会很棒
what it's like to have a pet.
我不是特别喜欢狗
I just don't particularly like dogs.
狗给我的印象就是体型庞大 臭臭的
They've always struck me as being rather big, smelly...
毛掉得到处都是
they shed all over the place.
他小时候从来没养过狗
He never had a dog when he was a kid,
事实上
and truth be told,
我觉得他有些害怕狗
I think he's a little afraid of them.
个人来讲 我更喜欢小虫
Personally, I'm more of a bug guy.
我喜欢苍蝇 蝴蝶 昆虫类的
I like flies, butterflies, things like that.
小型生物可以帮助迈克·莱文这样的遗传学家
Little creatures can help a geneticist like Mike Levine
探究生命的奥秘
explore life's mysteries,
但他从来不能理解人们对狗的热情
but he's never been able to understand the passion
体型巨大 脏乱不堪的犬类动物
that people have for their big, messy, demanding canine companions.
它们就像你的孩子们
They're kind of like your children.
你为它们感到骄傲
You're proud of them,
你试着让它们变得完美
and you try to make them perfect
修饰它们 让它们看起来漂亮
and trim them and have them look beautiful.
他是那么聪明 他是那么可爱
He is so smart, he is so obedient.
他是条非常非常漂亮的狗狗
He's a beautiful, beautiful dog.
世界上最棒的事就是 回到家
The best thing in the world is to come home
有人为你的归来欢呼雀跃
and have somebody happy that you're there.
如果它是女人 我愿意与这只狗结婚
I'd marry this dog if it was a woman.
这只狗对你来说意味着什么
What is it that a dog does for you?
比我妻子更重要
a lot more than my wife.
我的家人已经建议过 差不多
I've held out now for, I would say...
10年来一直在谈关于养狗的事
10 years there's been talk of dogs.
最终 我不得不妥协 同意养一只狗
And finally the time has come where I have to relent and allow a dog in.
这就是迈克最近
Which is why
总在寻找合适的新家庭成员的原因
Mike recently found himself checking out potential new family members.
虽然他没有爱上它
And while he doesn't fall in love,
他确实出乎意料地被吸引住了
he is unexpectedly intrigued.
狗有一方面确实很酷
There is one cool thing about dogs,
我不得不勉强承认 那就是繁多品种
I have to reluctantly admit, and it is all the varieties:
各类身形 大小各异 多种颜色
different shapes, different sizes, different colors.
狗就是进化多样性最好的例子
It's an extreme example of evolutionary diversification.
莱文最终把名叫塔克西的混血小狗带回了家
The Levines come home with a little mixed breed dog named Taxi.
跟迈克先前的预期完全一致
Fulfilling every one of Mike's expectations,
第一天 塔克西在起居室里上蹿下跳
Taxi's first day includes throwing up in the living room,
在厨房♥小便 到处都是狗毛
peeing in the kitchen, and shedding hair everywhere.
孩子们和莉莉很快就克服了这些障碍
All of which, the boys and Lily get over quickly.
但对迈克来说不容易
It's not so easy for Mike.
他很努力地进行探索长达一个月以后
He's trying hard, but a month into this grand experiment,
对他来说 塔克西仍只是迷人的进化神话
Taxi remains for him less a beloved companion
而不是讨人喜欢的好朋友
than an example of a fascinating evolutionary mystery.
所有的狗都从相近的狼群进化而来
All dogs arose from a fairly homogeneous population of wolves,
时间大约是在一万年前
something on the order of 10,000 years ago.
这正是令人心驰神往的科学问题
And that is just a fascinating scientific problem.
狼这种外形单一的动物是如何
How did this one population of animals that all look more or less alike,
在相对较短的时间内
give rise to this incredible diversity of dogs
演化出今天狗类如此丰富的形态
in a relatively short period of time?
狼是自然界的精英猎手之一
Wolves are one of nature's elite predators.
耐力出众 速度惊人
They hunt with a rare mix of endurance, speed,
勇猛又善于团队合作
ferocity and teamwork.
而这些职业杀手却是最先被驯养的动物
Yet these skilled killers were the first animal to be domesticated.
到底是怎么被驯养的呢
The mystery is how?
有人说是人类的功劳
Some say humans made it happen.
如果真是这样
If so,
我敢打赌最初驯服的一定不是成年野狼
it's a good bet it wasn't by taming adult wolves.
幼狼崽又是另一番景象
But a baby wolf, that's another matter.
它们是不可抗拒的
They're pretty irresistible.
在人类学 人种学领域
We have abundant evidence
我们都有大量证据表明
from anthropological accounts, ethnographic accounts,
过去人们在世界各地都进行狩猎采集
of hunter-gatherers in different parts of the world,
捕获驯服幼年野生动物
capturing and taming young wild animals
然后把它们带回家当做宠物