啤酒是如何拯救世界的（2011）（1）

掌握了数个世纪
packed pews for centuries.
但是即使是教堂也不能永远垄断啤酒
But not even the church could monopolize ale forever.
啤酒生意吸引了一批新兴的实业家
The beer business attracted a new breed entrepreneurs.
他们接管了酿酒
They took over brewing,
在这个过程中 欧洲改变了
and in the process, transformed Europe.
酿造啤酒是经济发展的
Beer brewing was a critical factor
一个关键因素
in the development of the economy.
它是商业贸易
It was a spearhead in the creation of trade, commerce,
和银行金融的先锋
banking, finance.
换句话说 它就是现代资本主义的先锋
In other words, the creation of modern capitalism.
现在欧洲仍然盛赞啤酒
And they still celebrate beer in Europe today.
啤酒
Beer!
美国 自♥由♥之地 勇士之乡
America, land of the free, home of the brave,
是在啤酒上建立起来的
and built on beer.
啤酒是美国的秘史
Beer is the secret history of America.
格雷格·史密斯博士 作家 历史学家
它藏于我们的基因中
It's in our DNA.
美国的众多国父都有一个共同点
Many of America's founding fathers had one thing in common.
乔治·华盛顿 托马斯·杰斐逊
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
山姆·亚当斯都是酿酒师
and Sam Adams were all brewers.
他们一起孕育了这个国家
Together, they fermented a nation,
还有本杰明·富兰克林
along with Benjamin Franklin,
而对他来说 啤酒绝不仅仅是种饮料
for whom beer was more than just a drink.
它是宇宙神圣秩序的证明
It was evidence of divine order in the universe.
啤酒是上帝爱我们和愿我们幸福的明证
他说到
In his words...
根据这鼓舞人心的话
Upon such inspirational messages,
伟大的国家成立了 但是如果没有啤酒
great nations are formed, but without beer ,
第一批乘着五月花号♥的开国者
the first settlers might never have made it to America
可能永远也到不了美洲大♥陆♥
aboard the Mayflower.
啤酒在五月花号♥上极为重要
Beer was vitally important on the Mayflower.
船上储存的水会变质
Water would spoil in the hold of the ship,
杜鲁·不罗索 五月花啤酒厂
而酒精和啤酒花使啤酒
whereas beer was naturally preserved by alcohol and hops,
在整个航海过程中保持新鲜
and it would stay fresh throughout the voyage.
啤酒保全了船员的性命
Beer kept the settlers alive on the voyage
并且决定了殖民地的建立地点
and determined the site of the founding colony.
五月花号♥本开往佛吉尼亚
The Mayflower was headed for Virginia,
但是很不幸
but tragedy struck.
啤酒喝完了
The ship ran out of beer,
佛吉尼亚
普利茅斯
因此他们在最近的地点 普利茅斯登陆了
so they landed at the nearest point, Plymouth.
即便这样 他们想喝的还是啤酒
Even then, beer was all they would drink.
他们上岸后
The pilgrims come ashore.
为什么不喝水呢
Why aren't they drinking the water?
他们知道在英国
Well, they knew that back in England,
如果喝水的话就会生病
that if you drank water, you'd get sick.
尽管美洲的河水十分清澈
Though America's streams were pristine,
移♥民♥者仍然不愿喝水
the settlers wouldn't touch water
除非将水酿成啤酒
unless it was made into beer.
啤酒绝对是他们生存下来必不可少的东西
Beer was an absolute essential item for their survival.
当啤酒耗尽
When the beer supply ran out,
殖民地危在旦夕
the colony hung in the balance.
他们必须想办法酿造啤酒
The settlers had to find a way of making beer,
但是他们没有大麦和啤酒花 直到
but they had no barley or hops until...
松鼠前来搭救
squirrels came to the rescue.
听起来不可思议 但是松鼠启发了移♥民♥者
Sounds nuts, but they gave the settlers the idea
使用橡子酿酒
of using acorns.
而且确实管用
And it worked.
橡子啤酒维持了普利茅斯的生机
Acorn beer kept Plymouth alive.
干杯
Cheers!
随着普利茅斯安定下来 在17世纪
With Plymouth safe, in the 17 th century,
啤酒向外发展 拓展到整个美洲
beer went on to open up the rest of America
建立了巨大的联络网
by establishing an extraordinary communications network --
那个时代的互联网
the Internet of the age.
在谷歌♥ 推特 脸书问世之前
Before Google, Twitter, and Facebook came...
酒馆
the tavern.
酒馆当时是交易中心
The tavern was the center of commerce.
也是通信中心
It was a communication hub.
是人们互相传递信息的地方
It was the place where people passed information back and forth.
酒馆将美洲联♥系♥了起来
Taverns connected up America
将殖民地变成了国家
and turned a colony into a nation,
因为接下来 啤酒引发了人类历史上
because next, beer inspired one of the great events
最伟大的事件之一
in human history...
美国独♥立♥战争
The American Revolution.
绿龙酒馆
1773年12月16日
On December 16, 1773,
为摆脱英国夺取自♥由♥的斗争由此开始
the struggle for freedom from the British began here
在波士顿的绿龙酒馆里
in the Green Dragon tavern, Boston.
自♥由♥之子聚集起来
The Sons of Liberty are gathering,
讨论着他们获取自♥由♥的心情有多么迫切
and they've been talking about how impressed they are.
他们喝了一杯啤酒
They have a beer.
讨论了更多造♥反♥的事
They talk some more treason.
再喝一杯
They have another.
可以感觉到他们热情高涨
You can just feel their passions rising
那晚肯定有不寻常的事情会发生
and you know something is going to happen that night.
是时候了
This is the time.
干吧
Let's do it.
自♥由♥之子们潜入波士顿港
The Sons of Liberty made for Boston Harbor,
登上货船 倾倒茶叶
boarded ships, and dumped tea.
独♥立♥战争爆发了 酒馆成为了舞台中心
The revolution was on, and the taverns held center stage.
酒馆成为独♥立♥战争活动
The taverns became centers where revolutionary activity was
讨论 争论 密谋 策划的中心
discussed and debated and plotted and planned.
莫林·奥格 作家 历史学家
啤酒在美国诞生中的角色如此重要
Beer's role in the birth of America was so vital,
因此国歌♥借鉴18世纪的祝酒歌♥创作而成
it's fitting that the national anthem
则是理所当然的事了
was borrowed from an 18th-century drinking song.
*To Anacreon in heav'n, where he sat in full glee*
*A few sons of harmony sent a petition*
歌♥词虽有改变
The words have changed,
曲调却一摸一样
but the tune's the same.
*When this answer arriv'd*
当时这是清醒测试
Back then, it was a sobriety test.
如果你能唱完这首歌♥ 你就能再喝一杯
If you could sing the song, you were okay for another round.
如今 它是星条旗之歌♥
Today, it's 'The Star-Spangled Banner'.
啤酒帮助了美国的建立
Beer helped found America
另外还给这个年轻的国家带来了这首国歌♥
and gave the young nation its anthem into the bargain.
随着独♥立♥战争的胜利
With the war of independence won,
啤酒接下来接受了一项最严峻的挑战
beer was free to take on its greatest challenge of all --
疾病
disease.
人类亘古不变的仇敌
Humanity's oldest foe.
在19世纪 医药陷入了黑暗时代
In the 19th century, medicines mired in the dark ages.
直到啤酒拯救了一切
Until beer rode to the rescue.
科学发展离不开啤酒
Beer and science go hand-in-hand.
查理·班福思博士 酿造学教授
啤酒引领了一项重要的医学发现
Beer led medical science to a discovery so important
这项发现奠定了我们对于疾病的认识
that it established how we think about disease
其影响持续至今日
to this very day.
如今在保健 疾病等领域
So much of the fundamental science that we do today
广泛应用的基础医学研究
as it applies to health, disease, and so on,
最初源自酿造工业
came out of the brewing industry.
啤酒是现代医学的基础
Beer was the basis of modern medicine.
一切要从1850年的这位科学家
lt all started in the 1850s with scientist
路易斯·巴斯德说起
Louis Pasteur.
他就是巴氏杀菌法的发明者
He invented pasteurization.
可惜 人们通常只会联想到牛奶
Tragically, people always link him to this...
但其实巴氏研究的对象是啤酒
But he was actually studying this.
人们认为路易斯研究的是牛奶
Some people think he was looking at milk.
大卫·莱德 米勒康胜公♥司♥酿造研究副总裁
但事实上他研究的是啤酒
But in fact, he was actually looking at beer,
其实 啤酒是首个使用巴氏杀菌的饮品
and beer was the first beverage, actually, to be pasteurized.
巴斯德的发明是由一个棘手问题开始的
Pasteur started by trying to answer a vexing question
啤酒为什么会变质
Why does beer sometimes spoil?
随后他有了项惊人发现 啤酒有生命
Then he made a startling discovery -- beer is alive.
除了较大的酵母菌细胞外
Along with large round yeast cells,