地平线系列：肉食者的困境（2014）

尊贵品质的烤牛肉 烹煮至色香俱全
Fine roast beef, cooked to perfection.
饱满圆润的香肠 油煎至金黄色泽
Plump sausages, pan-fried and golden brown.
至臻美味的羊排 炙烤至粉红色泽软嫩多汁
Luscious lamb chops, grilled until pink and tender.
这可不仅仅是普普通通的肉
This isn't just ordinary meat.
不知你是否有读到或听到最近的新闻
Depending on what you've recently read or heard on the news,
这要么是富含蛋白质
this is either a protein-rich
以及其他大量营养物质的饮食必需品
and nutrient-packed dietary necessity...
要么是一种会引起动脉阻塞或寿命缩短的
..or an artery-clogging, life-shortening food
饮食雷区
to avoid.
我由衷地感到困惑
I am genuinely confused
并非常想从传言中剥离出真♥相♥
and would dearly love to separate fact from fiction
因为对大多数人来说
because for many of us,
肉是日常饮食当中令人愉悦的食材
meat is a pleasurable part of our daily diet.
就我们家来说 我们喜欢吃肉
Now as a family, we like meat.
大多数日子里都会吃肉 鸡肉 羊肉 牛肉
We eat it most days - chicken, lamb, beef,
猪肉 当然还有培根和牛肉饼
pork and of course, bacon and burgers.
不仅仅是我们有这样的习惯
And we're not alone.
全世界的肉食消耗量
Worldwide meat consumption
在过去的五十年里增长了近一倍
has nearly doubled in the last 50 years.
汉堡包就应该长成这个样子才对
That's certainly how a burger should look.
这汉堡相当不错
That's a very good burger.
在我们的文化中根深蒂固的饮食习惯
Could something that is so ingrained in our cultur
真的对我们造成了严重的伤害吗
really be killing us?
我将会对杰出的科学家们进行追踪
I'm going to track down the eminent scientists
他们在研究不同种类肉食的影响
who study the impact of different types of meat.
我想要查明他们有什么发现
I want to find out what they've discovered
还想知道他们自己都吃些什么
but also what they themselves eat.
到底肉类的真♥相♥是什么
Just what is the truth about meat?
地平线 该不该吃肉?健康大问题
现在天还很早
It's really early in the morning.
外面很冷 很黑
It's cold, it's dark
我要去看比我这一生见过的还要多的肉
and I am off to see more meat than I have EVER seen in my life.
在过去几年 肉类占据了各种头版
In the last few years, meat has hit the front pages
但都是出于错误的原因
but for all the wrong reasons.
致命红肉
《纽约太阳报》
说实话 对于大多数这样的标题我都存有怀疑
Frankly, I'm sceptical about many of these headlines
并且想要查清背后的真♥相♥
and want to find out what's behind them.
红肉拉响癌症警报
《每日快报》
肉类真的会致癌吗
Does meat really give you cancer?
那看起来像是一个异形肿瘤
Whoa, right! Oh, that looks like an alien growth!
吃肉会缩减寿命吗
Will eating it shorten your life?
红肉消耗量更大的人群
Those who consumed higher amounts of red meat
在总死亡率 心血管病死亡率
had higher risks of total mortality,
以及癌症致死率的风险更高
cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality.
是红肉致命还是这些声明言过其实
Is it a killer, or are these claims greatly exaggerated?
百分之十的早逝归罪于红肉
《每日电报》
相差大概五年
You're probably looking at about a difference of five years,
平均寿命会相差四到五年
four to five years in life expectancy.
除了研究最近的科学
As well as investigating the latest science,
我要在自己的饮食中加入大量肉食
I'm going to put myself on a high-meat diet
看是否会对我的身体产生影响
to see what, if any, effects it has on my body.
出现在我们餐桌上的大量肉类都来自这里
This is where a lot of the meat on our tables comes from,
一个大型肉类批发商
a huge meat wholesaler.
在这里每天他们加工的
Here they prepare up to 30 tonnes of beef,
牛肉猪肉和羊肉多达三十吨♥
pork and lamb every day.
从这儿发货给肉贩
It gets sent out to butchers
最终出现在全国各地的晚宴餐盘里
and ends up on our dinner plates right across the nation.
我很佩服你的分割速度 天啊
That's impressive, impressive speed at which you go. Blimey.
身处四周皆肉的环境 你会不会看见肉就烦
Does being around all this meat put you off it at all?
完全没有
Definitely not, definitely not.
我一直都很能吃肉
I've got a very good appetite for meat.
-多久吃一次 -什么 吃肉吗
- How often? - What, do I eat meat?
-是的 -如果没有肉
- Yeah. - I don't consider it a meal
我觉得那都不能叫一顿饭 真的
unless it's got meat in it, really.
像彼特这样 其实是对大多数人来说
For people like Pete, in fact for most of us,
吃肉都是件很正常的事
eating meat is a normal thing to do.
更何况肉里还有好多好东西
What's more, it has lots of good things in it.
肉类含有多种非常重要的营养成分
Meat provides some really important nutrients
玛丽·墨菲 英国营养基金会 营养学家
对健康至关重要 大多是蛋白质
that are essential for health, so mainly protein.
肉类富含蛋白质
Meat is protein-rich
阿里·卡范迪医生 介入心脏病学家 皇家联合医院 巴斯
蛋白质对于人类肌体修复十分重要
and protein is very important in terms of repair of your body.
肉类还含有一些微量元素
And there's also some micro-nutrients such as...
比如说铁
..Iron which is good for
维多利亚·泰勒 心脏健康高级营养学家 英国心脏基金会
能让我们拥有健康的血红细胞
helping us to have healthy red blood cells
血红细胞在人体中运输氧气
that help to transport oxygen around the body.
还有B12
Also B12,
它也对血红细胞的工作有帮助
which is also involved in the working of our blood cells.
尤其是维生素B
B vitamins particularly
常常很难从素食中获得
sometimes can be very difficult to get from a plant-based diet.
还有锌 它对我们毛发指甲的健康十分重要
And zinc which is important for healthy hair, nails,
还有助于伤口愈合
and also has a role in wound healing
和肌体修复
and sort of helping us to repair ourselves.
如果不吃肉
If you don't have meat in your diet,
你当然还是能获取自身所需的全部营养成分
you can certainly still get all the nutrients that you need
但就得费点儿心思
but you do have to think
多想想要从哪获取
a little bit more about how you get those.
作为生物 我们吃肉
As a species, we evolved eating meat,
尽管肉吃得不算多 也不算太常吃
though probably not that much or that often.
但吃多少肉算多呢
But how much is too much?
要想知道这个答案需要进行大型研究
Well, to find out you need to do big studies -
要对许多人进行多年的追踪研究
lots of people followed for many years.
那些正是我打算密切关注的研究
It's those studies that I'm going to look closely at.
它们的研究对象加起来有近百万人
Together, they involve almost a million people
其中大多数的研究
and for the most part,
都只关注某几种特殊的肉类
they're looking at particular types of meat.
由于没有证据显示
There is little evidence
鸡肉以及其他白肉会有损健康
that chicken and other white meats pose a health risk
所以它们不在研究目标之列
so these are off the agenda.
确实 大家的重点都集中在了
Really, the meats that are under fire
红肉和肉制品上
are red meat and processed meat.
红肉包括牛肉 羊肉 猪肉
Now red meat includes beef, lamb, pork,
而肉制品包括意大利香肠 培根 香肠等
while processed meat could mean salami, bacon, sausages -
这些肉类就是我要重点关注的对象
so those are the meats that I'm going to focus on.
我现在的肉类摄入量相对适中
Now I eat relatively modest amounts of meat
要是我再多吃点会有问题吗
but would it matter if I ate more?
为了得到答案 我准备开始大量吃肉了
To find out, I'm going to go on a high-meat diet.
我打算吃日建议摄入量大概两倍的肉
I'm going to eat about twice the advised daily amount,
这也是现在英国
something that around 25%
大概四分之一成年男性的食肉量
of the adult male population in Britain already do.
来看看我准备多吃的是哪些
So let's see what I'll be eating more of.
红肉有牛排 羊肉或猪排之类的
Red meat is stuff like steak, lamb or pork chops
还有像牛肉馅之类的红肉泥
and ground red meat like beef mince,
而肉制品是经过了盐腌 熏制
whereas processed meat has been preserved by salting, smoking
或添加了防腐剂处理的
or by adding preservatives
像意大利香肠 香肠和火腿
- things like salami, sausages and ham.
平均来讲 英国人每天
On average, Brits eat about
大概吃七十克红肉和肉制品
70 grams of red and processed meat every day.
这不包括鸡肉和别的家禽肉类
That doesn't include chicken or any other poultry.
但约四分之一的英国男性
But about a quarter of British men
会吃到一百三十克左右
eat around 130 grams,
所以我决定采取他们的饮食方式
so I'm going to adopt their diet.
平均来看
Now I think that on average
我每天可能会食用六十五至七十克的肉
I probably eat 65-70 grams of meat a day,
但接下来的一个月 我决定增加这个量
but for the next month I'm going to be going up,
增加一倍左右
nearly doubling it.
那么一百三十克肉大概有多少呢
So what does 130 grams of meat look like?
举几个例子来说
Well, something like this.
如果你早餐吃几片培根
It could be a couple of bits of bacon in the morning
130克
晚餐再吃一个汉堡