野性美洲（2020）

在沙漠中，一切似乎都发生在眼前
In the desert, everything seems to happen in plain sight.
安全和隐私只有在黑暗的地下洞穴中才能找到
Security and privacy can only be found in the darkness of an underground den.
在黄褐色栉鼠的废弃洞穴中的一个小峡谷里，一群caupolicana蜜蜂有着某些共同的特征
In a tiny ravine in the abandoned burrow of a tawny tuco-tuco, a colony of caupolicana bees share certain characteristics
和穴居鹦鹉一起
with the burrowing parrots.
caupolicana蜜蜂有多毛、五颜六色的身体，不断在它们的小蜂巢周围嗡嗡作响
The caupolicana bees have hairy, colourful bodies, and constantly buzz around their tiny colony.
这些蜜蜂生活在一起，但不是随意的。-每只蜜蜂都有自己的地下生态位，它们必须为自己挖掘
These bees live together but not - haphazardly. - Each has its own subterranean niche which it must dig for itself.
一天中的大部分时间都花在了准备场地上
A large portion of the day is spent preparing the ground
并呆在雌性为下一代准备巢穴的地方
and staying inside where the females prepare the nest for the generation to come.
雌蜂不知疲倦地工作，移走了与它们体型相关的大量泥土
The female bees work tirelessly, removing a huge amount of earth in relation to their size.
蜂群的活动只在一天中最热的时候暂停
Activity in the colony only pauses during the hottest hours of the day.
雄性，颜色越来越苍白，越来越灰白，不停地在洞周围开火
The males, paler and greyer in colour, ceaselessly fire around the holes.
它们似乎在潜行，的确如此
They seem to be prowling, and indeed they are.
它们在寻找一名雌性
They're on the lookout for a female.
雌性的数量要少得多，所以它们很受欢迎
There are far fewer females and so they're in demand.
如果一只雌蜂敢离开她的单室，几只雄性就会扑上来，渴望繁殖
Should one dare to leave her cell, several males will pounce, eager to reproduce.
与其说这是一种爱的行为，不如说这是一个战场，越来越多热情的竞争者加入战斗
Less an act of love, more a battlefield in which more and more ardent contenders join in the combat.
雌性是短暂的战利品，竞争对手会为之战斗至死
The female is a fleeting prize for which rivals will fight to the death.
一些挑战者因努力而疲惫不堪，死在阿塔卡马炽热的阳光下
Some challengers, exhausted from their efforts, die under the blazing Atacama sun.
在这个特别地狱的另一个角落，阿塔卡马沙漠，其它洞穴居民在这里安家
In another corner of this particular hell that is the Atacama Desert, other cave-dwellers make their homes.
藏身和降温的唯一地方是地下，但普通的八齿鼠degu经常冒险到露天
The only place to hide and cool down is underground, but common degum frequently venture out into the open.
这些小啮齿类动物在沙漠灌木丛附近挖掘它们的通道
These small rodents excavate their galleries near desert thickets.
当它们冒险外出时，灌木丛既提供食物又提供保护
When they venture outside, the brush provides both food and protection.
八齿鼠是永不满足的
Degum are insatiable.
它们在吃东西的时候优先考虑的是数量而不是质量，它们以高速啃食各种植物
Their priority when eating is quantity over quality, and they gnaw away at all kinds of vegetables at high speed.
但水果是它们最喜欢的盛宴
But fruit is their favourite feast.
在它们头上，罗马合欢的种子成熟了。每当一颗落在地上，就会有八齿鼠扑上来
Above their heads, seeds of the roman cassie ripen. Each time one falls to the ground, a degum pounces.
有时候，最好是在地下♥阴♥凉处，远离猎人的视线，享受一顿美味佳肴
Sometimes, it's better to enjoy a delicious delicacyin the cool of the shade underground, out of sight of hunters.
在一片看起来像雷区的干燥、稀疏的区域，另一种生活在地面上的啮齿动物探出头来
In a drier, sparser territory that looks like a minefield, another ground-dwelling rodent peeks out.
黄昏时分，当那同样炙烤万物的太阳失去了一些强度时，鼢足鼠就出现了
At dusk, when the same sun that scorches everything loses some of its intensity, coruro appear.
鼢足鼠是极度活跃的动物，在下午晚些时候从黑暗的洞廊里出来，享受一剂温和的、有营养的阳光
Coruro are hyperactive animals that emerge from their dark galleries late in the afternoon to enjoy a dose of gentle, nutritious sun.
是时候休息一下，享受一下沙漠的空气和阳光了
It's time for a rest and to enjoy the air and light of the desert for a while.
它们花了一整天的时间挖球茎和根，把它们挖出来，用巨大的门牙吃
They've spent all day digging for bulbs and roots which they extract and eat with their giant incisors.
休息时间结束了
Break time is over.
在太阳完全落山之前，有一些家务活要完成，
Before the sun sets completely, there are certain household chores to finish,
翻修入口，寻找另一种美味的块茎，把房♥间做得更深一点，可以睡觉
renovating the entrance, looking for another tasty tuber, making a chamber a little deeper to sleep in.
夜幕很快降临
Night soon comes.
在多岩石的阿塔卡马地区，即使在最偏远、最孤独的地方，也能看到栗鼠
In the rocky Atacama territories, even in the remotest, loneliest places, chinchillas can still be seen.
短尾龙猫（毛丝鼠）是一种难以捉摸的啮齿类动物，由于其备受追捧的皮毛，它们几乎被逼至灭绝
Short-tailed chinchillas are elusive rodents that were driven almost to extinction for their highly sought-after fur.
这些毛茸茸的啮齿动物在黑暗中移♥动♥，寻找沙漠中坚韧的植被
These fluffy rodents move in the dark in search of the tough vegetation of the desert.
它们的外套是抵御寒冷沙漠之夜的强大屏障
Their coats are a formidable defence against the cold desert nights.
而吃完之后，没有什么比泡个舒心的沙浴更好的了
And after eating, nothing is better than a nice relaxing sand bath.
龙猫（毛丝鼠）的毛是所有哺乳动物中最厚的，每平方厘米有2万根毛
Chinchillas' fur is the thickest of all mammals with 20,000 individual hairs per square centimetre.
没有比那件更好的外套了
There is no better coat than that.
为了保持皮毛光滑、有光泽、防寒，
To keep their fur smooth, glossy, and cold-proof,
它们每晚都在沙子里洗澡，这样沙子就能保持干净、蓬松、不起球
they bathe every night in sand, this way it stays clean, fluffy, and free of tangles.
只要保持良好的状态
Only if they are kept in good condition
栗鼠毛的效力就能保持
is the effectiveness of the chinchilla's coats maintained.
在阿塔卡马的高内陆地区，寒冷是恒定的
In Atacama's high inland areas, cold is a constant.
地势低洼地区的气候惩罚稍轻，既湿润又温暖
Low-lying regions have a slightly less punishing climate, both wetter and warmer.
从海上来的云，轻抚着山峰和山脊，留下露珠般的残余物
Clouds arriving from the sea caress peaks and ridges, leaving a dewy residue.
这种天赋使仙人掌和灌木开花，使其它植物发芽，即使它们只能存活几天
This gift enables cacti and shrubs to flower and other plants to sprout, even if they survive just a few days.
阿塔卡马的绿洲蜂鸟充分利用每一朵新花……
The oasis hummingbird of Atacama takes full advantage of each new flower...
…吮吸着仙人掌的花蜜，知道这种美味很快就会消失
...sucking up the nectar of the cacti in the knowledge that the delicacy will soon fade away.
然而，尽管如此简短，这些都是阿塔卡马中最丰富的时刻
Yet despite this brevity, these are moments of maximum abundance in Atacama.
巨型蜂鸟现在会为了繁殖而迅速行动
The giant hummingbird will now act quickly in order to reproduce.
它在一座坚不可摧的塔顶，一棵多刺的仙人掌上安营扎寨
It has installed its nest on top of an impregnable tower, a spiny cactus.
从这个受保护的有利位置，勉强能挤进窝里的雌性，
From this protected vantage point, the female, who can barely fit in the nest,
平静地看着，让她的小鸟蛋保持温暖
watches calmly, and keeps her tiny eggs warm.
巨型蜂鸟是体长超过20厘米的最大蜂鸟种类
The giant hummingbird is the largest hummingbird species exceeding 20 centimetres in length.
体型如此庞大意味着它的新陈代谢速度比其它蜂鸟要慢
Being so large means that its metabolism is slower than that of other hummingbirds
所以它每秒只扇动翅膀10次
and so it only flaps its wings a mere ten times per second.
这片温暖的低洼地带，仙人掌和多刺的灌木丛比比皆是，并不是巨型蜂鸟的专属蜜园
This warmer, lower lying territory where cacti and thorny bushes abound is not the exclusive honey garden of the giant hummingbird.
事实上，另一个巨人也住在这里。准确地说，是另一只骆驼
In fact, another giant also lives here. Another camel, to be precise.
靠近大海的地方，仙人掌和灌木丛构成了干燥、荒凉的风景的一部分
Near the sea, cacti and bushes form part of a dry, desolate landscape.
这里是羊驼的家园，它是在接近海岸的蛮荒之地生存的真正专家
This is the home to the guanaco, a true expert in surviving in the imperious wilderness approaching the coast.
阿塔卡马有些地区已经四年没下雨了，
There are areas of Atacama where it has not rained in four years,
但羊驼会寻找最温和的环境，更重要的是，它们会照顾好自己的沙漠
but guanacos seek out the most benign environments, and what's more, they take care of their desert.
它们的蹄子足够柔软，不会破坏它们所行走的地面和植被
Their hooves are soft enough not to damage the ground and vegetation they walk on.
而到了吃饭的时候，它们也会小心翼翼地行动
And when it's time to eat, they also act with care.
它们以坚韧多刺的植物为食，但随着它们不断地移♥动♥，
They consume tough and thorny plants, but as they're continuously on the move,
它们从不过度开♥发♥一个地区的植被，它有时间恢复
they never overexploit the vegetation in one area and it has time to recover.
沙漠和羊驼之间的平衡是最佳的，但这并不能阻止生命足够热
The balance between desert and guanaco is optimal, but that does not stop life being hot enough
意味着一些人的死亡
to mean the death of some individuals.
然而，它们的死亡对山狐或安第斯狐狸来说是个好消息
However, their death is good news for the culpeo, or Andean fox.
这种狐狸会到海岸及其周边地区寻找食物
This fox species visits the coast and its surrounding areas in search of food.
安第斯狐是沙漠中普遍存在的掠食者
The Andean fox is a widespread predator in the desert.
它可以捕猎小羊驼，但这种获取食物的方式很累人
It is capable of hunting baby guanaco, but this is a tiring way of getting a meal.
更重要的是，保护欲极强的母羊驼一踢，很容易让狐狸失去行动能力
What's more, the kick of a protective mother guanaco would easily leave the fox out of action.
所以现在，几只昆虫还得吃
So for now, a few insects will have to do.
作为一个很好的机会主义者，狐狸知道尸体的刺鼻气味可能意味着填饱肚子的机会
As a good opportunist, the fox knows that the pungent odour of a cadaver might mean a chance at filling its stomach.
有几只狐狸也有同样的想法，聚集在羊驼的尸体周围
Several foxes have had the same idea and have gathered around the guanaco's body.
死去的羊驼已经喂了它们好几天了，肉消失的速度和它干涸的速度一样快
The dead guanaco has been feeding them for several days and the meat is disappearing as fast as it is drying out.
尸体最后的残羹剩饭导致了权力和等级制度的冲突
The last scraps of the corpse lead to a conflict of power and hierarchy.
这是自然规律，有利于最强的一方
It is resolved as is usual in nature, in favour of the strongest.
饭桌上必须有某种程度的秩序，而执行这种秩序是领导者的工作
There must be some degree of order at the dinner table and it is the leader's job to enforce it.
吃完饭，结完帐，再没有比在阴凉处睡个午觉更好的事了
After the meal and the settling of accounts, there is nothing better than a siesta in the shade.
再加上一点新鲜空气，海风吹皱了狐狸的皮毛，
Add a little fresh air, the sea breeze ruffling the fox's fur,
而这几乎是一派田园诗般的景象。不远处就是一切的开始
and it is an almost idyllic scene. Not far away is the beginning of everything.
冰冷的海水，沙漠永恒的伴侣，给熟睡的狐狸吹来清新的空气
The cold waters of the ocean, the desert's eternal companion that blows fresh air over the sleeping foxes.
同样的风支撑着，
Supported by that same wind,
红头美洲鹫在冲击沙漠干裂边缘的海浪上翱翔和攀爬
turkey vultures soar and climb above the waves that crash against the parched extremity of the desert.
秃鹫又发现了一具尸体
The vultures have found another cadaver.
又一个为权力、地位和生育欲望而斗争的受害者
Another victim of the struggle for power, status, and the urge to reproduce.
这是一只体型较大的雄性海狮，在与对手和海浪的战斗中失败了
It's a large male sea lion who lost his battle against his rivals and the waves.
它残破的尸体被海浪随意地抛到岩石上。现在，这是送给秃鹫的礼物
His broken body was unceremoniously dumped on the rocks by the waves. Now, it's a gift for the vultures.
在海浪下，生活照常进行，好像什么都没发生过，年轻的海狮一如既往地互相考验
Down in the surf, life goes on as if nothing has happened, young sea lions as ever testing each other out.
它们进攻，它们撕咬，它们咆哮，它们为了保护后宫而战斗
They charge, they bite, they bellow, and they fight to protect their harems.
雄性海狮的攻击性每天都在增加，与此同时，聚居地的紧张局势也在加剧
The aggression of the male sea lions grows daily, and with it, tension in the colony.
然而，它的日常生活在一边是干燥的沙漠，另一边是富饶的海洋之间保持平衡，
Nevertheless, it goes about its daily life balanced between the parched desert on one side and the abundance of the ocean on the other,
在两个截然相反又互为补充的世界之间
between two worlds that are as diametrically opposed as they are complementary.
从安第斯山脉的峰顶一直到海岸，阿塔卡马是一个风景对比鲜明的地方，
From the peaks of the Andes down to the coast, Atacama is a place of contrasting landscapes,
不同颜色，不同质地的沙漠，居住着各种久经沙场的生物，
of deserts of different colours, of different textures, inhabited by a variety of battle-hardened creatures,
每一个都在自己独特的沙漠世界里勉强维持着生命
each out eking out a life in its own particular desert world.