野性美洲（2020）

They form lines of attack which scatter the locusts.
当蝗虫试图逃跑时，
When the locusts try to escape,
蝗虫们必须从猛禽身边飞过，猛禽会抓住飞行中的受惊昆虫
they must fly past the raptors who take the opportunity to capture the scared insects in flight.
几个小时以来，不同种类的猛禽用受惊的、逃跑的蝗虫填饱肚子
For hours, different species of birds of prey fill their stomachs on frightened, fleeing locusts.
Los Llanos 的猛禽甚至会加班，
The raptors of Los Llanos will even do overtime,
工作到下午快结束的时候，利用蝗虫的优势
working until the very end of the afternoon to take advantage of the locusts.
当平原在骄阳下干枯时，所有的生命都隐藏着一条路
While the plains desiccate under an oppressive sun, all life hides a way.
但在南美洲的另一端，生命的爆发正在发生，
But at the other end of South America, an explosion of life is happening,
南半球的春天和它最灿烂的时刻
spring in the Southern Hemisphere and its most splendid moments.
在海浪登陆的海滩上，
On a beach where the breakers make landfall,
怪物从寒冷的深处到来
monsters arrive from the chilly depths.
巨大的象海豹
Massive elephant seals.
这是世界上最大的海豹，它们心情很不好
These are the largest seals ever to have existed, and they're in a bad mood.
雄性的体重可达 3 吨♥，
Males, which can weight up to three tonnes,
拥有一小部分海滩，进而占有所有碰巧出现在那里的雌性
take possession of a small portion of the beach and, by extension, of all the females that happen to be there.
危险的雄性像巨大的毛虫和活坦克的混合体一样移♥动♥着，
The dangerous males moving like a cross between gigantic caterpillars and living tanks
消灭了它们所经过的一切
obliterate everything in their path.
在交♥配♥季节，雄性会一直保持警惕，
During the mating season, the males are permanently on guard,
嫉妒地与对手搏斗或追求雌性
jealously fighting opponents or courting females.
这样的能量消耗意味着 它们将在短短几个月内减掉多达一吨♥的体重
Such expenditure of energy means they will lose up to one tonne of their body weight in just a couple of months.
一只劣等雄性接近一只显然毫无防备的雌性
An inferior male approaches an apparently undefended female.
看似如此，实则不然
Apparently, but not actually.
优越的雄性完全没有放松警惕，让人无法怀疑谁是这一带的老大
The superior male has not let his guard down at all and leaves no room for doubt who is the boss in this neighbourhood.
这一次，沮丧的雄性只得到了一个警告就逃走了
The frustrated male escapes with just a warning, this time.
可以预料的是，占统治地位的雄性会用尽全力保护自己的后宫
It's to be expected that dominant males defend their harem with all their strength.
这是它们生命中独一无二的时刻
This is a unique moment in their lives.
雄性一般能活 10 到 12 年，但只会交♥配♥一到两个季节
Males typically live for 10 to 12 years but will only mate for one or two seasons
当它们处于权力的巅峰，强大而有力的时候
when they are at the apogee of their powers, strong and powerful.
头领雄性，土地和后宫的领主和主人，几乎不会休息整整两个月，
Alpha males, lord and masters of land and harem, will barely rest for two whole months,
日夜巡逻它们的领地，
patrolling their territory day and night,
注意哪些雌性处于发♥情♥期，以免错过任何交♥配♥机会
attentive to which females are in heat so as not to miss any opportunity to mate.
除了赶走任何妄图与它的雌性♥交♥配的冒牌者，
Apart from driving off any pretenders with the temerity to attempt to copulate with one of his females,
它也会防止后宫的任何一个离它太远
he will also prevent any of his harem getting too far away.
在它开始亲密而深情的关系之前，几乎没有前戏的方式
There is little in the way of foreplay before he engages in intimate and affectionate relations.
巨雄会以令人惊讶的温柔爱抚它的伴侣，直到她屈服于它的欲望
The giant male will caress his mate surprisingly tenderly until she gives in to his desires.
一些雄性可以使多达 150 只雌性受孕
Some males may impregnate up to 150 females.
其余的雄性，绝大多数永远不会交♥配♥的雄性，嫉妒地看着
The rest of the males, the vast majority which will never mate, look on enviously.
虎鲸在象海豹聚居地的边界之外守望
Orcas keep watch from beyond the boundaries of the elephant seal colonies.
它们知道只有一次攻击这些动物的机会，
They know there's only one time to attack these animals,
当它们还年幼的时候
when they're still young.
虎鲸在寻找最佳时机的过程中，非常危险地接近了象海豹的聚居地
The orcas' hunt brings them perilously close to the elephant seal colonies as they look for the best moment
去捕捉第一次下水象海豹的孩子
to catch the youngsters taking their first dip.
如果小海豹靠得足够近，虎鲸不会给它们第二次机会
If the young seals get close enough, the orcas won't give them a second chance.
但有时象海豹甚至无法进入水中
But sometimes the elephant seal doesn't even make it into the water.
瓦尔德斯虎鲸知道如何在海岸线上捕猎，
Valdes orcas know how to hunt right on the shoreline,
采用奇袭，将身体推出水面
employing surprise attacks, launching their bodies out of the water.
但在它们都吃之前，还有一些课程要学
But before they all eat, there are lessons to be learned.
海豹不会立即被杀死象海豹
The seal is not killed immediately.
成年虎鲸会用它来磨练幼鲸的捕猎技巧
The adult orcas will use it to hone their calves' hunting skills.
这可能看起来很残忍♥，但虎鲸需要训练它们的幼崽去捕捉和处理象海豹幼崽
It might seem cruel, but the orcas need to train their young to catch and handle the elephant seal cub.
它们学会把它们淹没或让它们远离海岸线，在水下追赶它们，然后再次捕捉它们
They learn to submerge them or keep them away from the coastline to chase them underwater and catch them again.
下一代虎鲸的生存取决于这些课程
The survival of the next generation of orcas depends on these lessons.
在巴塔哥尼亚，生活在极端，
In Patagonia, life is lived at the extremes,
但与南美洲另一个地区的情况截然不同
but a very different kind of extreme than that found in another part of South America.
阿塔卡马沙漠。 阿塔卡马是地球上最干燥的地方，
The Atacama Desert. Atacama is the driest place on the planet
但它的盐湖有比预期更多的生命
and yet its salt lakes have much more life than might be expected.
尽管这里环境恶劣，但安第斯火烈鸟生活在这里，地球上其它地方没有
Despite the harshness of the place, Andean flamingos live here and nowhere else on Earth.
这些海拔 2000 米的泻湖是它们的首选地点
These lagoons at an altitude of 2,000 metres are their preferred location.
这个极度荒凉的地方是这种火烈鸟的家，甜蜜而独特的家
This intensely inhospitable place is home, sweet and unique home, for this species of flamingo.
在这孤独的沙漠中，火烈鸟过着非常安静的生活，
Here in the solitude of the desert, the flamingos lead a very quiet life,
除非，突然一切都变了
except when suddenly everything changes.
现在它们再也感受不到沙漠家园的宁静，感受不到环境。自己身体的某种东西
Now they no longer feel the peace of their desert home, something in the environment and in their own bodies
驱使它们达到一种十足的兴奋
drives them to a point of sublime excitation.
在交♥配♥季节，荷尔蒙掌控局面
In the mating season, hormones take command of the situation.
火烈鸟似乎在偷偷地互相瞥一眼，它们的脖子与其它鸟群和谐地摆动着
The flamingos seem to surreptitiously glance at each other, their necks swaying in harmony with the rest of the flock.
火烈鸟群体的生活永远是一件公共事务，
Life in the flamingo community is always a communal affair,
飞行、交♥配♥、繁殖，整个种群几乎像一个整体一样生活
flying, mating, reproducing, the whole colony lives almost as one.
片刻之间，一场非凡的舞蹈，一场完美同步的编舞征服了所有的鸟儿
Within moments, an extraordinary dance, a perfectly synchronised choreography has taken possession of all the birds.
短短几分钟，难以理解，
For a few brief incomprehensible minutes,
沙漠中♥央♥的这些盐湖，成为了一段美得惊人的舞蹈的舞台和背景
these salt lagoons in the middle of the desert become both stage and backdrop for an astonishingly beautiful dance.
然后，就像它突然开始一样，
And then, just as abruptly as it began,
整个鸟群似乎都忘记了它的突然爆发
the whole colony seems to forget its sudden outburst.
没有过渡，它们就会回到平静的进食中，好像什么都没发生过
Without transition, they return to their peaceful eating as if nothing has happened.
只有最顽强的生物才能在这里生存
Only the toughest of creatures can survive here.
少数能够忍♥受极端干旱和极端温度的动物
The few capable of with standing the extremes of drought and temperature.
比如法比安蜥蜴
Fabian's lizard, for example.
这是圣佩德罗-阿塔卡马的专属居民，这片广袤沙漠的一个小角落
This is an exclusive inhabitant of San Pedro de Atacama, a small corner of this vast desert.
法比安蜥蜴是一种具有英雄特质的爬行动物
Fabian's lizard is a reptile of heroic qualities.
它能忍♥受炎热、干旱、严酷的阳光，
It can stand the heat, drought, the punishing rays of the sun,
并且比任何人都懂得如何利用最稀缺的资源
and knows how to exploit the scarcest of resources better than anyone.
这些小型爬行动物在泻湖岸边漫步，那里聚集着成千上万只苍蝇
These small reptiles roam the shores of the lagoons where tens of thousands of flies gather.
捕捉飞着的苍蝇不是一件容易的事，
Catching flies on the wing is no easy task,
但由于它们的速度和敏捷性，法比安蜥蜴有极好的杀死率
but thanks to their speed and agility, Fabian's lizards have excellent kill rates.
它们可以跑，可以跳，如果有必要，甚至可以在水上行走
They can run, jump, and if necessary, even walk on water.
它们的存在直接依赖于苍蝇
Their existence depends directly on the flies.
法比安蜥蜴生活在泻湖边上的狭长地带，
Fabian's lizards live on the narrow strips of land bordering the lagoons,
雄性在那里保卫它们的小领地
where males defend their small territories.
主人之间的决斗是经常发生的
Duels between the owners are a constant.
它们互相靠近，用膨胀的身体来显示优越
They approach each other, inflating their bodies in a display of superiority.
对自己的实力不太确定，或者可能认为对手有优势，
Never quite sure of their own strength or perhaps thinking that a rival has the advantage,
它们通常会以挑衅的姿势、表情和挑战的姿态进行一场战斗
they usually settle for a battle of defiant poses and looks and of gestures of challenge.
最后，一份飞行中的零食就足以打破紧张气氛
In the end, an inflight snack is enough to break the tension.
每只雄蜥蜴都回到自己的领地，直到一只大胆、挑衅的雌蜥蜴到来
Each male returns to his own territory until a daring, provocative female arrives.
雌性法比安蜥蜴很少关心雄性蜥蜴的
Female Fabian's lizards care little for their male counterparts
戒备森严的领土边界，
jealously guarded territorial boundaries,
而它们本身就是永恒的欲望对象
and they themselves are a permanent object of desire.
当雌性处于发♥情♥期时，她会跳一段弯弯曲曲的舞蹈来刺♥激♥透视的伴侣
When a female is in heat, she will excite a perspective mate by dancing a sinuous dance.
但是，尽管这段迅速发展的恋情强度很大，
But despite the intensity of the burgeoning romance,
这似乎并没有达到目的
it seems not to do the trick.
时机不对，又一次，
The time is not right, and again,
午餐在翅膀上嗡嗡飞过，足以结束偶遇
lunch buzzing past on the wing is sufficient to end to encounter.
毕竟，一顿饭就是一顿饭
After all, a meal is a meal.
在许多生态系统中，食物经常是冲突的根源，领土也是如此
Food is frequently the cause of conflicts in many ecosystems, as is territory.
即使在像亚马逊这样广阔多样的栖息地，
Even in a range of habitats as vast and varied as the Amazon,
关于房♥地♥产♥所有权的纠纷每天都在发生
disputes over the possession of a home are a daily occurrence.
当森林被洪水淹没时，对树枝上食物和空间的竞争就会加剧
When the forest is flooded, competition for food and space in the branches intensifies.
在这丛林里，
In this jungle,
干燥的陆地上没有蚂蚁可以安家的地方 但它们似乎很有远见，
there's nowhere for ants to set up home on dry land. But they seem blessed with foresight,
洪水森林里的小昆虫蚂蚁在高高的树枝上筑巢
and the tiny insects of the flooded forest have built their homes high up in the branches.
像它们经常做的那样，用泥土建造树状蚁丘，既能抵御来自上方的雨水
Using earth as they often do, they build arboreal ant hills that can both withstand the rains from above
并保护自己免受下面洪水的侵袭
and protect themselves from the floods below.
在这些相对巨大的悬挂建筑中，生活着数以万计的蚂蚁
In these comparatively gigantic hanging buildings, tens of thousands of ants live.
在附近，它们的好邻居，一些小的热带蜜蜂
Nearby, their good neighbours, some small tropical bees.
蚁丘的邻近似乎为蜜蜂提供了保护，
The proximity of the ant hill seems to offer protection for the bees,
它们甚至在邻居的房♥子里建造一部分蜂巢
who even construct part of their hive in their neighbour's house.
但是，当一只猴子摇动树枝，蚁丘开始晃动时，附近的宁静很快就被打破了
But the neighbourhood tranquillity is soon shattered when a monkey moves the branch and the ant hill begins to shake.
蚂蚁对任何潜在警报的反应是，攻击蜜蜂
The ants react to any potential alarm by attacking the bees.
成群结队，它们试图入侵蜂巢
In droves, they try to invade the hive.
看来，蜜蜂总被认为是罪魁祸首
It seems that the bees are always the culprits.
瞬间，一个具有攻击性的主要搏斗场 形成了
In an instant, an aggressive peloton is formed.
成百上千的蚂蚁袭击了一个由凶猛而坚决的蜜蜂组成的小守军，
Hundreds and hundreds of ants attacking a tiny garrison of fierce and resolute bees
这些蜜蜂守卫着它们珍贵的家园
defending their precious home.
蜜蜂们团结一致，绷紧阵型，面对猛攻，顽强地保持着自己的位置
The bees close ranks, tighten their formation, and stoutly maintain their position in the face of the onslaught.
一个又一个敌人被斩首，但蚂蚁还是来，
One enemy after another is decapitated but still they come,
貌似永无休止的军蚁雪崩
a seemingly never-ending avalanche of army ants.
似乎只有时间能平息这种好战，
Only time seems to calm the belligerence,
新的不稳定的停战协定落在枝头
and a new and unstable truce falls on the branches.
再往南一点的潘塔纳尔，广阔的南美洲湿地，
A little further south in the Pantanal, the vast South American wetland,
传说中的美洲虎，美洲最伟大的掠食者，
the legendary jaguar, the greatest of all American predators,
正在寻找一种足够大的动物来满足它的饥饿
is looking for an animal large enough to satisfy its hunger.
美洲虎是机会主义者