野性美洲（2020）

它们已经习惯了周期性的缺水
that have grown accustomed to the periodical scarcity of water.
有些种类的鱼，如cascafe鱼，
Some species of fish, such as the cascafe,
已经找到了解决它所栖息的溪流中暂时缺乏液体的方法
have found ways to deal with the temporary lack of liquid in the streams that it inhabits.
这种缺水甚至对cascafe鱼来说是有益的，因为它为cascafe鱼提供了丰富的食物
This scarcity of water is even beneficial to the cascafe, as it provides it with an abundance of food.
当洪水退去时，昆虫就会聚集到仅存的几处池塘和水坑中
When the waters subside, insects flock to the few remaining pools and puddles.
这是鱼不会放过的机会
It's an opportunity that the fish are not going to let pass.
cascafe鱼拥有非凡的视觉，
The cascafe possess an extraordinary sense of sight,
这使得它们甚至可以看到水面以外的东西
which allows them to see even beyond the surface of the water.
饥饿的鱼急切地观察着陆地世界，寻找食物
The hungry fish eagerly observe the terrestrial world in search of food.
它们可以非常准确地将自己推出水面，捕捉靠近的昆虫
They can propel themselves out to the water with great accuracy to hunt insects that come near.
它们一次又一次地跳跃，捕捉任何毫无戒心的昆虫
They leap again and again to capture any unsuspecting insect.
它们甚至可以发现飞逝的蜻蜓，试图在飞行中抓住它们
They can even detect fleeting dragonflies, which they attempt to grab in flight.
这是一种冒险的策略，很少会有收获
It's a risky tactic that rarely results in a prize.
cascafe鱼生活的干燥森林和日益减少的溪流也是眼镜熊的领地的一部分，
The dry forests and their dwindling streams where the cascafe live are also part of the spectacled bears' territory,
特别是当树木和植物果实累累的时候
especially when trees and plants are in fruit.
眼镜熊是地球上最稀有的熊类之一，
The spectacled bear is one of the rarest ursines on the planet,
它是唯一栖息在南美洲的，总是在大山上或周围
and is the only one that inhabits South America, always on or around the great mountain chain.
这些熊只生活在安第斯山脉
These bears live only in the Andes,
并从高原和干旱地区行走到山区周围干燥多云的森林
and travel from the high plains and arid areas to both the dry and cloudy forests around the mountain region.
尽管它们矮胖，有点罗圈腿的样子，
Despite their stocky and somewhat bowlegged appearance,
眼镜熊极其敏捷
spectacled bears are extremely agile.
无论是安第斯山脉的山峰，还是生长在那里的高大挺拔的树木，都没有给它们带来任何问题
Neither the Andes peaks nor the tall, straight trees that grow there present any problem for them.
一只年轻的熊妈妈带着她的幼崽行走
A young mother bear is travelling with her female cub.
它们有着非常牢固的家庭纽带，这将使它们至少在一起生活两年
They have a very strong family bond that will keep them together for at least two years.
在此期间，母熊会教给幼崽在安第斯山脉生存所需的所有秘密
During that time, the mother will teach her cub all the secrets it needs to be able to survive in the Andes.
除了攀登，熊妈妈还展示了幼小的后代
As well as climbing, Mama Bear shows how young offspring
哪些水果是最美味的，以及找到它们的最佳时间和地点
which fruits are the tastiest, and the best time and place to find them.
而现在，尽管它看起来贫瘠，
And right now, despite its barren appearance,
干燥的森林提供了丰富多样的水果
the dry forest provides fruit in considerable abundance and variety.
眼镜熊大多是食草动物，
Spectacled bears are mostly herbivorous,
因此，它们花了很大一部分时间来寻找这两者
and so spend a large part of their time searching for both
草木丛中香甜可口的零食
sweet and savoury snacks among the vegetation.
安第斯山脉的熊原本是食肉动物，现在已经适应了更多的素食饮食
The bears of the Andes, originally carnivores, have adapted to a more vegetarian diet.
但在这里最干燥的山区森林里，有各种类型和大小的真正的食肉动物
But here in the driest forests of the mountain region, there are genuine carnivores of all types and sizes.
落叶中有大量狼蛛
Tarantulas abound in the leaf litter.
这只狼蛛保护它的孩子，就像熊妈妈保护她的孩子一样
This tarantula is as protective of its young as the mother bear is of hers.
蜘蛛最安全的婴儿期是这样度过的--
The safest infancy that any spider has is one spent
紧贴着母亲的腹部
clinging to a mother's abdomen.
体型庞大，多毛，有毒，这些大型蜘蛛是令人印象深刻的猎手，
Big, hairy, and venomous, these large spiders are impressive hunters, which,
由于它们的体型和凶猛相结合，甚至可以捕猎小型脊椎动物
thanks to the combination of their size and ferocity, can even hunt small vertebrates.
但是，尽管它们拥有凶猛的武器和好斗的本性，它们的敌人却很多
But despite their fierce armaments and combative nature, they have many enemies.
带颈的蚁鸫鸟也是一种可怕的猎手
The collared antshrike is also a formidable hunter.
这种鸟是一种惊人的昆虫捕食者，潜伏在树叶中，寻找各种各样的猎物
This bird, a prodigious predator of insects, skulks in the foliage, looking for all kinds of prey.
这似乎是一项鲁莽的任务，
It might appear a foolhardy mission,
但这只狼蛛即将成为蚁鸫鸟的又一个受害者
but this tarantula is about to become another of the antshrike's victims.
它的喙移♥动♥的速度和凶猛使得
Its beak moves at a speed and ferocity that renders
任何自卫的企图都不可能
any attempt at self-defense impossible.
这些蜘蛛还有来自昆虫王国的可怕敌人
These spiders also have redoubtable enemies from the insect kingdom.
某些种类的黄蜂进化出了有毒的刺
Certain species of wasp have evolved a venomous sting
这能在几分钟内使大型蛛形纲动物跛足
that cripples the great arachnid within minutes.
一旦被固定住，黄蜂就会把蜘蛛运到它们的巢穴，在蜘蛛里产卵，
Once immobilized, the wasps transport the spider to their nest, where they lay their eggs in it,
在那里，它将成为它们幼虫的新鲜食物
and where it will serve as fresh food for their larvae.
这是一项需要很大努力的任务，因为它们的猎物是自己的两倍大
It's a task that requires not a little effort, given their prey's size is twice their own.
但幸运的是，在这种情况下，
But fortunately on this occasion,
一个友好的邻居苍蝇在旁边帮忙
a friendly neighbourhood fly is on hand to help out.
当地幼虫的午餐
Lunch for local larvae.
对于如此庞大而致命的生物来说，这是一个意想不到的结局
An unexpected end for such a large and deadly creature.
对狼蛛来说，幸运的是，森林保护了它们和它们的大量种群
Fortunately for the tarantulas, the forest protects them and their large populations.
金色的，普通的，或哥伦比亚的，树栖蜥与狼蛛争夺同样的食物
The golden, common, or Colombian, tegu competes with tarantulas for the same food.
但在这个明显干燥的栖息地，这种大型蜥蜴享受着更多样的饮食
But in this apparently dry habitat, this large lizard enjoys a much more varied diet.
palo bamboso或palo llavero的果实，让熊非常喜欢，
The fruits of the palo bamboso, or palo llavero, which spectacled bears like so much,
都是爬行动物不打算错过的快乐
are a delight that the reptile does not intend to miss out on.
也就是说，它不满足于仅仅一个开胃菜
That said, it's not satisfied with just a starter.
蜘蛛可以做美味的第二道菜
A spider will make a tasty second course.
但事实证明，这对蜥蜴来说有点太辛辣了
But it turns out to be a bit too spicy for the lizard.
覆盖在它身上的细毛实际上是有毒的，对许多攻击者来说是有效的驱避剂，
The fine hairs that cover its body are in fact toxic and serve as an effective repellent to many attackers,
但蜥蜴不是
but not the lizard.
蜥蜴摩擦蜘蛛，不费太大力气就把大部分刺毛都去掉了
The lizard rubs the spider and breaks off the majority of the stinging hairs without too much trouble.
快速品尝一下，看看它的大餐准备好了没有
A quick taste to see if its meal is ready.
还是有点太辛辣了
Still a little too spicy.
但再做几道点睛之笔，这款蜘蛛小点心就能做到完美了
But a few finishing touches, and the spidey snack will be done to perfection.
尽管如此，蜥蜴的食欲仍在驱使它前行
Still, the lizard's appetite urges it on.
它在树叶中发现了美味的甜点，可能是在另一个猎手的攻击中受伤了
It finds a delicious dessert in the foliage, perhaps injured in another hunter's attack.
这只安第斯蜥蜴用一只老鼠结束了它的多道菜大餐，然后前往植物中，
This Andes lizard ends its multi-course meal with a mouse before heading off to the vegetation,
躲在那里消化大量摄入的食物
where it hides to digest its substantial intake.
安第斯的居民按季节聚集在这些树林里
The inhabitants of the Andes gather in these woods according to the season.
这里有很多应季食物，
There's a lot of seasonal food here,
而这个丰裕的时期，正好与新的一代出现相吻合
and this time of abundance coincides with the emergence of the new generation.
野猪带着幼崽在它们的领地上巡逻，收集森林里的果实
Peccaries patrol their territories with their youngsters, collecting the fruits of the forest.
野猪时刻保持警惕
Peccaries are always on alert.
它们的眼睛必须无处不在，即使在吃东西的时候也不能放松警惕
They must have eyes everywhere and not drop their guard even while eating.
你永远不知道隐藏的猎手可能潜伏在哪里
You never know where a hidden hunter may be lurking.
这一次，现实中的威胁只是一个小惊吓
This time the threat in reality is a minor scare.
一对西舒兰小狐狸，
A pair of Sechuran fox cubs,
今年春天的安第斯世界，成千上万的幼崽中只有两只被发现
just two of the thousands of youngsters discovering the world of the Andes this spring.
幼崽们第一次独自冒险外出
The cubs venture out for the first time on their own.
它们向外张望，躲在灌木丛中
They peek out, hide in the brush.
它们嗅着空气，试探性地品尝落叶中的水果和昆虫
They sniff the air and tentatively taste fruits and insects in the leaf litter.
它们还有很多东西要学
They still have much to learn.
幼崽的父母就在不远处。有些喜鹊会监视整个家族
The cubs' parents are not far away. Some magpies watch the whole family.
这些鸟经常带领犬科动物找到美味的食物来源
The birds often lead the canines to tasty sources of food.
但此刻，成年狐狸自己也在忙着打猎
But at the moment, the adult foxes themselves are occupied in hunting.
狐狸是优秀的机会主义者，会利用它们遇到的任何资源
Foxes are excellent opportunists, exploiting whatever resources they come across.
危险的动物，如热带蜈蚣，在嗅落叶时可能会造成严重的不便
Dangerous animals such as tropical centipedes can be serious inconveniences while sniffing around the leaf litter.
蜈蚣的咬伤非常痛苦，对较小的动物来说甚至是致命的
The centipedes' bite is very painful, and even deadly for smaller animals.
但西舒兰狐非常熟练，
But Sechuran foxes are very skilled,
而原本可能是问题的东西，最终变成了一顿丰盛的早餐
and what might have been a problem ends up becoming a hearty breakfast.
狐狸充分利用安第斯森林提供给它们的任何食物来源，但并不是唯一这样做的动物
The foxes make the most of any food source the Andes forest offers them, but are not the only animals to do so.
在 梅莱罗树周围，大量的蜜汁滴渗出，
Around the melero tree, oozing nectar in generous drops,
各种动物聚集在一起，希望能得到它美味的分泌物
a variety of fauna gathers in the hope of getting at its delicious secretion.
各种动物都被这种植物吸引，它们舔、吸、吃它美味的、提供能量的汁液
All kinds of animals are attracted to the plant and they lick, suck, and eat its delicious and energy-giving juices.
鸟类利用蚜虫留下的洞
Birds take advantage of the holes left by aphids.
百灵鸟来品尝甘甜的蜜汁
Larks arrive to taste the sweet drops of nectar.
蜂鸟找到了一种很容易获得的飞行乐趣
Hummingbirds find an easily accessible in-flight pleasure.
一群鸟聚集在森林的巨大吸引力周围
A multitude of birds crowd around the great attraction of the forest.
一条奥顿的蟒蛇也靠近了这棵树，但目的截然不同
An Orton's boa also approaches the tree, but with very different intentions.
蛇移♥动♥非常缓慢，摆出一种看起来像其它树枝的姿势
The snake moves very slowly and takes up a posture to look like any other branch.
它的策略很简单:不被注意，直到有鸟经过足够近的地方
Its strategy is simple: to go unnoticed till a bird passes close enough.
看起来并不容易
It doesn't look easy.
奖品是:一只粗心大意的鸟最终会被蛇咬死
The prize: an inattentive bird ends up in the snake's jaws.
其余的鸟儿尽它们最大的努力来帮助它们的同伴
The rest of the birds do their best to come to their companion's aid.
但蟒蛇得到了它想要的。
But the boa has what it wanted.
安第斯山脉非常长，种类繁多，在它的山麓，非常不同的生态系统蓬勃发展，
The Andes are so long and so varied that in its foothills, very different ecosystems flourish,
从干燥、看似荒凉的林地到郁郁葱葱、生机勃勃的雨林
from dry, seemingly inhospitable woodlands to lush, lively rain forests.
雄伟的奥里诺科河和亚马逊河从这些山脉中奔涌而出
The mighty Orinoco and Amazon rivers rise and flow from these mountains.
安第斯地区的基岩是石灰岩，
The regions of the Andes, whose bedrock is limestone,
隐藏比丛林本身更令人惊讶的稀奇古怪
hide curiosities that are even more surprising than the jungle itself.
数百万年以来，水侵蚀了巨大的洞穴
Over millions of years, water has eroded gigantic caves
以及地球上最稀有鸟类之一的避难所
and chasms that are the refuge of one of the rarest birds on the planet.
在洞穴般的内部黑暗中，油鸱鹰或油鸟筑巢
In the darkness of the cavernous interior, guacharos, or oilbirds, nest.
这些奇怪的鸟生活在黑暗中，晚上出来飞行几十公里，寻找热带水果
These strange birds live in the dark and come out at night to fly dozens of kilometres in search of tropical fruit.
油鸱鹰的邻居是蝙蝠和盲鱼
The guacharos' neighbours are bats and blind fish.
油鸟的生活在很大程度上仍然是一个谜
The life of the oilbird is still largely a mystery.
雏鸟在黑暗中在巢中等待父母的到来，
The chicks wait in the nest in the dark for the arrival of their parents,
它们带来了丰收的果实，让幼鸟迅速成长
who bring a crop full of rich fruit on which the youngsters grow quickly.
和邻近的蝙蝠一样，油鸱也通过回声定位来导航，
Like their neighbouring bats, oilbirds navigate by means of echolocation,
这样就可以在夜间进入洞穴深处到达巢穴，没有任何问题
and so can head deep into the cave at night to reach their nests without problem.
油鸱鹰黑暗而谨慎的生活与其它丛林生物形成了鲜明的对比
The dark and discreet life of the guacharos contrasts with other jungle creatures.
几十种猴子在大森林的树上跳着吃着
Dozens of species of monkeys jump and eat high in the trees of the great forest.
不远处，水獭在捕鱼
Not far away, otters catch fish.