南太平洋（2009）

FEEBLE CHIRPING
因此现在是座空森林？
So is this now an empty forest?
事实上 树木受到前所未有的摧残
Actually, the trees are under attack like never before.
危险潜伏在叶子中
There's a menace lurking amongst the foliage.
白天 它蛰伏着
During the day, it slumbers.
一旦黑暗降临 侵略者显身了
But under cover of darkness, an invader is revealed.
聪明能干 哺乳动物最终大规模到达了
Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, the mammals have finally arrived in force.
澳洲袋貂
Australian possums.
200年前它们的皮毛被进口
Imported for their fur two centuries ago,
不久就带来了鼠疫 毁坏了草木
they soon reached plague proportions, stripping trees of their vegetation.
一场对它们发动的战争...
A war is being waged against them...
陷阱装置和散布的毒物
traps set and poison scattered.
可是它们的数量远远超过鸮鹉的数量
And yet they are now far more numerous than the kakapo ever were.
难以置信得超过7千万只袋貂 散布在新西兰的森林里
A staggering 70 million possums overrun New Zealand's forests.
鸟失败了 哺乳动物嬴了
Where a bird failed, a mammal has succeeded.
为什么？袋貂是不知情的移♥民♥
But why? The possums were unwitting immigrants,
鸮鹉生活在这里已数千年
while the kakapo have lived here for millennia...
完美地适应了这里的森林
perfectly adapted to this forest.
具有讽刺的是这里并不仅有鸮鹉和袋貂
It's an irony that is by no means unique to the kakapo and the possum.
横过太平洋 类似的场景依然在演化着
Right across the Pacific, similar scenes have been unfolding.
新西兰海岸外的小岛
Tiny islands off the coast of New Zealand
是一大群动物最后的避难所 它们如今在二个主岛上已经消失了
are the last refuge for a host of animals now vanished from the two main islands.
这是斯蒂芬岛
This is Stephens Island...
是从海上突出的一♥平♥方英哩的岩石
one square mile of rock protruding from the ocean.
它是一位活化石的家
It's home to a living fossil,
一位残遗体 1亿年来几乎没有改变过
a relict, barely changed for over 100 million years.
楔齿蜥
The tuatara.
全球一半的数量生存在这个岛屿庇护所
And half the world's population survive on this one island refuge.
在恐龙统治时期
During the reign of the dinosaurs,
楔齿蜥的祖先无处不在
the ancestors of the tuatara were everywhere.
它们从恐龙灭绝的剧变时代中存活下来
They survived the cataclysm that killed off the dinosaurs,
却无法与哺乳动物相抗争
but then couldn't compete with the mammals
灭绝了...无论何处
and died out...
除了不受哺乳动物影响的新西兰
everywhere, except on what was then a mammal-free New Zealand.
不像哺乳动物 楔齿蜥的生命是生存在一个缓慢的通道中
Unlike mammals, tuatara live life in the slow lane.
数天过去了
Days can pass
它们只不过动了一下肌肉
when they barely move a muscle...
有时1小时才呼吸一次..
..sometimes taking just one breath an hour.
它们以沙螽 甲虫或其它无脊椎动物为食
They feed on wetas,
beetles and other invertebrates...
但显得很不擅长捕捉它们
..but don't appear very good at catching them.
即使练习了数百万年之后
Even after millions of years of practice,
眼嘴协调不是它们能做到的
eye-mouth co-ordination is not what it could be.
"适者生存"似乎并不适合这
"Survival of the fittest" just doesn't seem to apply here.
楔齿蜥的生存首先在新西兰 现在在斯蒂芬岛
The tuatara's survival, first on New Zealand, now on Stephens Island,
证明了一点...
proves a point...
岛屿是相当安全的地方 至少没有干扰
islands are pretty safe places to be, at least until invaded.
斯蒂芬岛的楔齿蜥是幸运的
Fortunately for the Stephens Island tuatara,
从哺乳动物短暂入侵中生存下来
it did survive a brief mammal invasion.
但对于一些其它的野生动物来说
But for some of the other wildlife here,
入侵是更多的是...灾难的
the invasion was rather more...catastrophic.
岛屿杳无人迹 多半是自生自灭
The island had been uninhabited and largely ignored,
但自1♥8♥9♥4年有了灯塔后一切都改变了
but that all changed with the construction of this lighthouse back in 1♥8♥9♥4.
新近设备维护员莱奥先生
When the newly installed keeper, a Mr Lyall,
在岛上发现一种珍稀的鹪鹩
found an unusual wren on the island,
他送了一个样本到伦敦作鉴定
he sent a specimen to London for identification.
像多数岛屿鸟类 它是不会飞的
Like many island birds, it was flightless.
或许这就是为什么不是莱奥先生 首次发现这种鸟
And perhaps that's why it wasn't Mr Lyall who first discovered the bird,
而是他的四足伙伴
but his four-legged companion.
蒂伯斯是一个非常有 能力的标本收集者
Tibbles proved to be a very efficient specimen collector.
以至于实际上
So much so, in fact,
一年后 这鸟被正式宣布为新品种
that one year later, when the bird was officially declared a new species,
莱奥先生不得不懊悔地告诉科学界
Mr Lyall had to regretfully inform the scientific community at large
这个品种现在已灭绝了
that the species was now extinct.
事实上 蒂伯斯不是唯一 被指责的猫科动物
In truth, Tibbles wasn't the only feline to blame,
斯蒂芬岛的鹪鹩毫不费力地被了结了
but the ease with which the Stephens Island wren had been dispatched
华盛顿科学院惊慌了
WAS alarming.
猫被移出了斯蒂芬岛 但对于鹪鹩来说已经太晚了
The cats were removed from Stephens Island, but it was too late for the wren.
现在只能从被猫咬过的博物馆 标本上了解鹪鹩了
Now only known from a few cat-chewed museum specimens,
进化成无法飞行被证明是致命的
evolving to be flightless had proven fatal.
这似乎是场交换
So it seems there is a trade-off.
岛屿生活的自♥由♥让一个 物种放松了它的警惕
The freedom of island life allows a species to relax its guard,
留下的只是毫无防御
but that can leave it defenceless.
在新西兰主岛上
On the main islands of New Zealand,
类似的剧本周而复始得在上演
similar dramas have played out time and time again.
曾经覆盖岛屿北部的巨大 南洋杉主宰着森林
Forests dominated by giant kauri trees once covered the North Island.
残存的树木看上去好像存在了数千年
The fragments that remain look much like they have for millennia,
但表象是可能假的
but looks can be deceiving.
几百年前
A few centuries ago,
这里的森林响彻奇异又绝妙的鸟叫
this forest echoed with the calls of strange and wonderful birds.
CACOPHONY OF BIRD CALLS
最有名的是大恐鸟
Most famous was the giant moa,
看上去有点像驼鸟 但比像要高
which looked a bit like an ostrich, but taller than an elephant.
这里更多的萦绕于心的鸟鸣
And there are many more birds
如今只存在记忆中
whose haunting songs now exist here only in memory.
CACOPHONY OF BIRD CALLS
现在你听到的是录音再现
The bird recordings and recreated songs you hear now
这些鸣叫的鸟儿，都已经从主岛森林中消失
are all of species that have disappeared
这些鸣叫的鸟儿，都已经从主岛森林中消失
from these main-island forests.
我们不能责怪蒂伯斯和他的家族 人类带来了...
We can't just blame Tibbles and his kin. Humans have brought
一整系列的哺乳动物对手和 掠食者到这些海岸
a whole range of mammalian competitors and predators to these shores.
如今的新西兰人正在改正
Today, the people of New Zealand are making amends.
这是新西兰最知名的树...
This is New Zealand's most famous tree...
贝壳杉 森林之王
Tane Mahuta, Lord of the Forest.
这种杉树比世上任何热带树 都有更多的木材
There's more wood in this kauri tree than in any other tropical tree in the world.
生态环境保护人员正极力保护和培育 这些特殊的森林
Conservationists are working hard to protect and nurture these special forests.
通过收集杉树种子并确保新树得以栽种
By collecting kauri seeds, they ensure that new trees can be cultivated
使森林延伸至从前的范围
and the forest expanded into its former range.
同时动物入侵者得到控制
Meanwhile, the animal invaders are being controlled,
鸟类只在偏远的小岛上幸存
and birds that only survived on small outlying islands
如今再次引入到这些大森林中
are now being reintroduced to these mighty forests.
回到所有群岛最偏远的夏威夷
Back in Hawaii, being the remotest of all archipelagos,
你可能期望珍稀的野生动物遭遇要好些
you might expect the unique wildlife to have fared rather better.
在低地 那些茂盛的海岸雨林充满着生物
In the lowlands, there are lush coastal rainforests teeming with life.
但没有本地生物
But not indigenous life.
这里你所看到动植物都不是本地的
None of the plants or animals you see here is actually native.
杰克逊变色龙是作为外国 宠物从东非引入的
Jackson's chameleons were brought from East Africa as exotic pets.
来自印度的白腰鹊鸲 来自北美的红衣主教
The white-rumped shama from India and the northern cardinal from North America
引进都增添了自然鸟类的生机
were both introduced to supplement the native bird life,
红嘴相思鸟是从中国引入的观赏鸟
while the red-billed leiothrix was a cage bird imported from China.
暗绿绣眼鸟是为控制虫害而引进的
And the Japanese white-eye was imported in an attempt to control insect pests.
人类到达前 每35000年才有一个新种类来到夏威夷
Before humans, only one new species reached Hawaii every 35,000 years.
现在上升至每年50个新种类
Now up to 50 new species turn up every year.
入侵者无处不在
Invaders are everywhere,
有些已产生了重大影响
and some have had a significant impact.
为了控制传入的老鼠
In an attempt to control introduced rats,
人类把印度猫鼬引入夏威夷
humans brought the Indian mongoose to Hawaii.
很不幸 没人考虑过老鼠是夜间活动
Unfortunately, no-one considered the fact that rats are nocturnal,
而猫鼬却是白天捕食的事实
while the mongoose hunts by day,
所以饥饿的猫鼬将注意力转到了
so the hungry mongoose turned its attention
毁灭岛上那些特有的鸟类生命上来
to decimating the island's unique bird life instead.
数千种类要感谢人类把它们 带到了太平洋各岛
Thousands of species have humans to thank
数千种类要感谢人类把它们 带到了太平洋各岛
for bringing them to islands throughout the Pacific.
对于要航行这片海洋的人类来讲 有一种动物是有价值的旅行伙伴
But there's one animal that has been a valued travelling companion
对于要航行这片海洋的人类来讲 有一种动物是有价值的旅行伙伴
for as long as people have sailed this ocean.
GRUNTING
人走到哪儿
Wherever people went,
猪跟到哪儿
pigs went too.
ALL SING
新西兰北面1200哩的瓦努阿图
In Vanuatu, 1,200 miles north of New Zealand,
塔纳岛上的人们为节目聚在一起
the people of Tanna Island have gathered for a festival.
就像西方文化中的名贵车
Like an expensive car in Western culture,
这里的猪是财富和地位的象征
here pigs are a symbol of wealth and status.