南太平洋（2009）

only one new species of plant or animal turned up here every 35,000 years.
对于那些幸运到达的 这是一片肥沃而丰裕的土地
For those lucky few that made it, this was a land of milk and honey.
这只鸟嘴能完美地从管状花朵中吸取花蜜
This bird's beak is perfect for sipping nectar from tubular flowers.
这是镰嘴管舌鸟
It's an 'I'iwi...
一种只在夏威夷发现的长嘴吸蜜鸟
a long-billed honey creeper only found in Hawaii.
400万年前曾在这些海岸兴盛
But when blown to these shores four million years ago,
它们的祖先外形非常不同
its ancestors looked very different.
起初夏威夷吸蜜鸟像雀鸟
Those first Hawaiian honey creepers were finch-like,
有着短短的嘴 或许体形也比现在的 黄胸拟管舌鸟要小
with short bills, perhaps quite similar to this modern honey creeper, the palila.
它结实的嘴能劈开坚果的壳
Its stout bill is perfect for ripping open tough seed pods.
但在这 吸蜜鸟为了充分利用嘴
But once here, the honey creepers made the most of it,
进化成多种带有特色嘴部的鸟
evolving into a variety of birds with some very distinctive bills.
毛伊岛厚喙雀有着强壮的钩形嘴
The Maui parrotbill has a strong, hooked beak
用来找到腐木中的蛆
for getting at the grubs inside dead wood.
这是导颚雀
And then there's the 'akiapola'au,
有着任何鸟中最引人注目的嘴
with one of the most remarkable beaks of any bird.
较低的下颚笔直 像凿子般
Its lower mandible is straight and chisel-like
能刺穿树皮喝树液...
and can puncture the bark to drink the sap...
它的上颚长而弯曲 用来剔出蛆..
..while its upper mandible is long and curved for winkling out grubs.
它的嘴仿佛和瑞士军刀有关系似的
It's as close as a bill gets to a Swiss Army penknife.
真神奇！一只雀鸟进化成58种不同的鸟
Amazingly, one single type of finch evolved into 58 different species
全都因为这些鸟通常担负的角色
and all because the birds that normally fill these roles,
蜂鸟和啄木鸟从未到过这些岛屿
like hummingbirds and woodpeckers, never made it to these islands.
在太平洋岛屿上着陆是件冒险的事
Landfall in the Pacific is a risky business.
多数岛屿小又低 千篇一律景色
Most islands are small, low and rather uniform,
生活方式的选择只能退其次
with few lifestyle choices on offer.
有座群岛却有雄起的趋势
But there is an archipelago that truly bucks the trend.
太平洋上有2座最大的岛屿 其一切都是漂流者的梦想
Two of the largest islands in the Pacific have everything a castaway could dream of.
这里生活着独有的岛屿生物
Here lives a greater diversity of unique island creatures
几乎比南太平洋上任何地方更多样性
than almost anywhere else in the South Pacific.
草木丛生的山谷 汹涌的河流 被冰川覆盖的山峰...
Forested valleys, turbulent rivers and glacier-topped peaks...
这是新西兰
this is New Zealand.
一千哩长的山脊高出海面1哩半
A thousand miles long and with a mountainous spine
一千哩长的山脊高出海面1哩半
rising one-and-a-half miles above the ocean,
新西兰为这里的生物以自己的方式生存 提供了无限的可能性
New Zealand offered a world of possibilities
新西兰为这里的生物以自己的方式生存 提供了无限的可能性
to creatures that found their way here.
ROARING WATER
在世界尽头的这些岛屿上
On these islands at the end of the world
生存着一些独特的动物
live some unique animals.
WHINING CALLS
高山鹦鹉 叫"坎亚" 以它们的叫声命名
Alpine parrots, called "kea", after their calls.
WHINING CALLS
生活在比其它鹦鹉要高的海拨上
Living higher than any other parrots,
它们可能是世上最爱玩的鸟
these are possibly the world's most playful birds.
但新西兰多数开拓生物被吸引至 下面的森林里
But most of New Zealand's pioneering creatures were drawn to the forests below.
这里同样孕育着太平洋岛屿上 奇特的自然生命
And here too, given the strange nature of life on Pacific islands,
值得去期待意外
it pays to expect the unexpected.
SHUFFLING
最没想到在这里可以看到的...
And the last thing you might expect to see here...
企鹅..
..is penguins.
这些是福德兰峡湾企鹅有着时髦的发型
These are Fiordland crested penguins,
以新西兰南部的这个海角的名字命名
named after this corner of south New Zealand, and their funky hairdo.
SHRILL SQUAWKING
他们每天都要到大海去
They're on their daily trip to the sea.
尽管居住在森林里 但它们没有丢掉尝鱼的嗜好
Despite hanging out in the forest, they haven't lost their taste for fish.
为什么林地对企鹅这么吸引力
So why are these woodlands so attractive to penguins?
因为这里没有大型掠食者
Because there are no large predators here,
对于养育幼雏这是安全场所
it's a safe place for bringing up baby.
淡水溪流穿过森林形成一条便捷的水路
A freshwater stream through the forest makes a handy highway
方便了带着满满捕鱼收获的企鹅回家
for a parent penguin heading home from a fishing trip with a crop full of food.
BUBBLING WATER
出生在森林里 留在森林里
Born in the forest, they stay in the forest,
父母径直从海洋带回新鲜的食物
while Mum and Dad bring fresh meals straight from the ocean.
CHEEPING
WATER WHISPERING CLOSE BY
它们能听到海浪声 甚至能嗅到浪花味
They can hear the waves, they can even smell the spray,
但它们不知道大海是什么样子
but they have no idea what it looks like.
这些幼雏还没有在海洋里溅过水
These chicks won't have their first splash in the ocean
要到3个月大才行
until they're three months old,
它们最终将独自出发进行首次捕鱼之旅
when they'll finally set off on their first fishing trip, alone.
最近的大♥陆♥在1500哩外
1,500 miles from the nearest continent,
新西兰是大部分哺乳动物到不了的地方
New Zealand is beyond the reach of most mammals.
海洋哺乳动物这一边 只有一个成功了
Marine mammals aside, the only ones that did succeed,
在人类到达之前 有了翅膀
before humans arrived, had wings.
蝙蝠
Bats.
这是短尾蝙蝠
This is the short-tailed bat.
栖息在树洞 晚上出来觅食
It roosts in tree cavities and comes out at night to feed.
到目前为止 太正常了
So far, so normal.
但这些蝙蝠生活在岛上已很久很长了
But these bats have been living the island life far too long
没有变得一点"不同"
not to have become a little "different".
它们不只是某一类
And they're not the only ones.
沙螽是蝗虫的原始近亲 但它们不会飞
Wetas are primitive relatives of the locust, but they can't fly.
看准机会 蝙蝠猛得一扑
Seeing an opportunity, the bats pounced.
当林地有如此美餐还用浪费能量 在空中捕食昆虫么？
After all, why waste energy hawking for insects in the sky,
当林地有如此美餐还用浪费能量 在空中捕食昆虫么？
when there is such a feast on the forest floor?
RUSTLING AND CHIRPING
新西兰夜间爬行昆虫在 这些蝙蝠面前毫无办法
New Zealand's night-time creepy-crawlies are at the mercy of these bats.
有些试着抵抗...
Some try to put up a fight...
但它们不是这群掠食者的对手..
..but they're no match for THIS army of predators.
蝙蝠有层特殊的外皮本是 保护它们的翅膀
These bats have special sheaths that protect their wings,
现在反而更好得用来翻寻树叶
all the better to burrow through the leaves.
即便蠕虫也不安全
So even worms aren't safe.
数百万年前最初的蝙蝠是从类似 老鼠的哺乳动物演化而来
The very first bat
数百万年前最初的蝙蝠是从类似 老鼠的哺乳动物演化而来
evolved from a mouse-like mammal many millions of years ago.
在新西兰这里 似乎演化被推♥翻♥了
Here on New Zealand, it seems evolution has gone into reverse.
即使新西兰蝙蝠是从老鼠转化而来
And if New Zealand's bats have turned to mice,
地上的鸟发生了什么？
what on earth has happened to the birds?
在这些森林里？
In these forests
生活着一种既像鸟又不像鸟的鸟
lives a bird that is about as un-bird-like as it is possible for a bird to be.
它是夜间活动的 虽然有时也会在日落前活跃起来
It's nocturnal, though it sometimes wakes up before sunset.
它有在黑暗中感知道路的腮须
It has whiskers so it can feel its way in the dark.
它是世上最重的鹦鹉 体重超过4公斤
It's a parrot, and weighing up to four kilos, it's the world's heaviest.
是的 你猜对了 它不会飞
And yes, you've guessed it - it can't fly.
见识一下鸮鹉
Meet the kakapo.
要飞翅膀太短 身体太重
Too heavy and short-winged to get airborne,
只能改为爬树
it climbs trees instead.
鸮鹉昔日相当成功
Kakapo were once one of the most successful
新西兰有大量的食草动物 几维鸟就像我们的兔子
and abundant herbivores in New Zealand - the Kiwi equivalent of our rabbit.
1♥8♥9♥9年 探险家查理·道格拉斯写道 "在晚上只要
In 1♥8♥9♥9, explorer Charlie Douglas wrote, "They could be caught in the moonlight
简单地摇动树或灌木
"by simply shaking the tree or bush
直到它们跌到地面...就像摇落苹果一样"
"until they tumbled to the ground... like shaking down apples."
它们最喜欢的食物在上面 芮木泪柏的微小种子
Its favourite food is up above - the tiny seeds of the rimu tree.
这种果实能促进鸮鹉的繁殖
This fruit fuels kakapo reproduction
它们只在树结果的丰年才繁殖
and they only breed when the trees produce a bumper crop,
约每4年才发生一次
so about once every four years.
鸮鹉比任何其它鸟类的繁殖都要慢
Kakapo breed slower than any other bird,
但也寿命更长
but they also live longer,
有时寿命超过百年
sometimes more than a hundred years.
雄性的嗓音独特
The male's song is as peculiar as the bird itself.
比起鹦鹉来更像是蛙叫 三哩外都能听到
More frog than parrot, it can be heard up to three miles away.
BUZZY BOOMING
在繁殖季节 他能三个月 每晚8小时不停地发出隆隆声
In a breeding season, he will boom non-stop for eight hours every night
在繁殖季节 他能三个月 每晚8小时不停地发出隆隆声
for up to three months.
BUZZY BOOMING
雌性只对周围是否有大量的芮木泪柏 种子的雄性有回应
But a female will only respond if there are plenty of rimu seeds about.
所以这些鸟在繁殖季像兔子一样挖洞
So while these birds may nest in burrows like rabbits,
很不幸 它们的繁殖不像兔子
unfortunately, they don't breed like them.
它们的数量惊人地下降
And their numbers have dwindled dramatically.
PIERCING WHISTLING
如今鸮鹉存活不足百只...
Today, fewer than a hundred kakapo survive...
珍贵的幼雏得到了帮助之手
..and precious chicks receive a helping hand.
捕获幼雏进行人工饲养以提高鸮鹉的数量
Captive rearing has helped raise the number of kakapo
从95年的51只
from just 51 in 1995
到如今的存活了91只
to the 91 birds alive today.
CHIRPING
它们曾经有成百上千只
They used to number in the hundreds of thousands.
如今它们的未来却在我们的手中
Today, their future is truly in our hands.