人工智能的真相（2023）（2）

症状分值
动作迟缓 3.6 字体过小 5.3
颤抖 2.8 不精确 5.4
是这样吗 -是的 没错
is that right? - That's correct. Yeah.
这里另一个有趣的事就是字体过小
The other thing that's interesting here is the micrographia.
罗里在画的时候 你们可以看到
So, as Rory was drawing, you could actually see
他的字体越来越小
the size of the writing deteriorates.
他越写字体就越小
It became smaller as he continued to write.
好了 我们来看看这位病人
OK, let's now have a look at somebody
他患有严重的帕金森症但没有服用任何药物
with severe Parkinson's disease who's not on any drug.
症状分值
动作迟缓 3.9 字体过小 9.9
颤抖 26.4 不精确 4.3
这些数字明显高很多 原因很简单
These numbers are obviously a lot higher, simply because
就是没有对颤抖等症状进行抑制
there's no suppression of, for example, the tremor.
由此我们能看到 原本非常复杂的评估
So what we're seeing here is really complex assessment
变得一目了然
made very simple.
症状分值
动作迟缓 3.9 字体过小 9.9
颤抖 26.4 不精确 4.3
好的 九点九分看起来很夸张 不是吗
Ok. 9.9 looks pretty dramatic there, doesn't it?
罗里你觉得这个怎么样 你怎么看待这个
Rory, what do you think of this? What do you make of this?
这个非常重要
Well, this is really important
因为帕金森症难就难在该如何衡量症状
because the trouble with Parkinson's is actually measuring it,
因为通常都是医生
because mostly it's the doctor
让你在他的办公室外面走来走去
telling you to walk up and down outside his office,
从椅子上站起来 还要做各种运动
get up out of a chair and do various exercises.
这种方法可以形成一个客观的
This is beginning to develop an objective,
科学的测量方法
scientific way of measuring it.
能够量化症状 是非常重要的
And if you can measure it, then that's really important
因为这样才能知道 病情是否在恶化
because you know whether the patient's getting worse,
药物是否有效 等等
you know, for instance, if medication is working.
如果你在寻找灵丹妙药
And if you're searching for a wonder drug,
你就需要能够更加准确地衡量
you need to be able to measure what people are like
人们在用药前后是什么样的 -好的
before and after much more accurately. - Ok.
谢谢你的到来 鲁特格尔 罗里 谢谢你
Thank you, Rutger, for joining us. And thank you, Rory,
和我们分享你的故事 谢谢你 -谢谢
for sharing your story with us. Thank you. - Thank you.
这支笔能用人工智能进行大量数据集的对比
The pen uses AI to help spot Parkinson's
从而确诊帕金森症
by comparing against large data sets.
此外 人工智能也许很快也能为怀孕的人提供
But AI very soon might be able to provide far more precise
更精确且复杂的医疗支持
and sophisticated support for people that are pregnant.
要想具体了解
To explain how,
请欢迎计算机科学教授 安娜·南布莱特
please welcome Professor of Computer Science, Ana Namburete.
欢迎 安娜
Welcome, Ana.
谢谢
Thank you.
安娜 你的研究内容是 如何改进
So, Ana, you are working to improve the monitoring
对孕期胎儿的检测 -是的
of babies during pregnancy. - Yes.
我在开♥发♥一套能为孕期检测
So I'm developing algorithms
提供更好的医疗服务的算法
to provide better health care in pregnancy.
其中
And, in particular,
我尤其感兴趣的是 当胎儿仍在母体中时
I'm interested in how we can monitor the growth
如何监测其大脑的发育状况
of a baby's brain when it's inside the womb.
最好也是最准确的方式是
Now, the best and most accurate way of doing this
进行3D扫描
is by collecting a 3D scan,
目前我们使用的技术是
and at present the technology that we use for this
核磁共振成像仪 但这种机器
is an MRI machine. But an MRI machine,
很大 也很昂贵 -非常昂贵
it's very large, it's very expensive. - Very expensive.
很多人是不能进行核磁检测的
And it's unsuitable for many people
很多环境也无法使用核磁仪器 -但是这个机器呢
and it's unavailable in most settings. - Whereas this?
在医疗行业使用人工智能
Well, the advantage of using AI in health care
好处在于它能彻底改变
is that it can revolutionise the way in which we use
我们使用现有医疗技术的方式
existing medical technology.
在孕期胎儿监测方面
So in pregnancy monitoring,
一个多世纪以来 我们使用的都是超声仪器
we have been using ultrasound machines for over half a century.
由于我们不能在讲座现场
And while we can't have a pregnant woman
请一位孕妇来进行扫描检测
or scan a pregnant woman in a lecture theatre,
所以这里我们使用的是一个孕妇腹部模型
we can scan a phantom, which is the 3D model of a mother's abdomen.
能请一位志愿者上台帮帮我吗
So can I have a volunteer, please, to help me?
我们需要一名志愿者
OK, we need a volunteer for this.
光线太亮 有点看不清
Hard to see with all the lights.
这边好像有一位很积极 -是吗 有请
Is there a keen person here? - Yes? Come on.
你叫什么名字
What's your name?
碧 -碧 好的 安娜会告诉你要做些什么
Bea. - Bea. OK, Bea, Ana's going to show you what to do.
接下来我们要试着找到
OK, so what we're going to do is try to find the baby
妈妈腹中的胎儿
inside the mother's belly.
这是超声波探头
So what you have here is an ultrasound probe.
你来拿着 握在大拇指和食指之间
You're going to place this in between your thumb and your forefinger.
感觉怎么样 有不舒服吗 -没有
How does that feel? Comfortable? - Ok.
好 你可以把它放在妈妈的肚子上
Ok. So you're going to place it on the mother's belly,
然后会看到胎儿的图像慢慢出现
and what you'll see is the image of the foetus emerging.
你看到了吗 -看到了
Do you see that? - Yeah.
接下来 我们将试着寻找胎儿的侧面
Yeah. What we're going to try to do is to find the profile view.
也就是你能看到胎儿的额头
And what that is, is the view where you can see the forehead,
鼻子 嘴唇 脖子 好吗
the nose, the lips and the neck. Yeah?
稍微移♥动♥探头
So we're going to just move the probe.
就能看到了 好吗
You can sort of see it there, right?
现在看到的白色的椭圆是胎儿的颅骨
So what you see is this bright kind of oval, that's the skull.
里面是脑组织
And inside it, those are the brain structures.
研究大脑非常重要
And it's really important to study the brain
因为它是人体中最复杂的器官
because it's the most complex organ in our bodies,
并且它在子♥宫♥中的发育最迅速
and it grows most rapidly when we're in the womb.
好 我们看得差不多了 -谢谢你 碧
OK. So I think we can take that off. - OK. Thanks so much, Bea.
安娜 刚刚展示的是常规的超声检测
So, Ana, that that was an ordinary ultrasound.
不过你使用了人工智能 对吗
But you're using AI, right?
请给我们展示一下人工智能是如何起作用的
You're going to show us how you use AI to help you with this.
这是一张普通的超声波图
This is a typical ultrasound image
上面是子♥宫♥内胎儿的脑部
of the baby's brain inside the womb.
大家看到了白色的椭圆 对吧
And what you see, that's the bright oval again, right?
这是颅骨
So that's the skull.
你也许会发现 我们观看的是视频
And what you notice is that we're looking at a video,
无法让我们从3D维度观察或测量这个大脑
but it doesn't allow us to see or measure the brain in 3D.
对吧 所以人工智能做的
Right? So what AI allows us to do
就是将这段粗糙的视频
is to turn this fairly grainy video
转变为大脑的3D模型
into a 3D reconstruction of the brain.
原理是这样的 这段视频其实是
And the way it does that is by taking the video,
大脑不同断面的图像
which is essentially image slices through the brain.
也就是屏幕右边
And that's what you see here on the right-hand side
红色的平面
as this red sheet.
人工智能会计算
And what the AI has done is that
这段视频中出现的
it's predicted the position and orientation
平面的位置和方向
of the slice of the brain that we see in the video,
只不过是在三维空间中
but in 3D space.
最终 人工智能会将它们整合
And ultimately it cleverly combines them
构建出一个3D模型
to reconstruct or produce a single 3D image.
于是 我们就能据此
And from this 3D image,
测量胎儿大脑各个区域的发育状况
it allows us to measure the growth of individual brain regions
从而找出可能需要进一步帮助的胎儿
and identify babies that may be in need of further support.
安娜 这简直太棒了
Wow. Ana, that's absolutely incredible work.
谢谢你给我们的展示 感谢
Thank you so much for coming and telling us about it. Thank you.
人工智能已经拓宽了
So AI is already pushing back the boundaries
医学的边界
across medical science,
同时还彻底改变了我们对生物学的认识
but it's also revolutionising our understanding of biology.
为了探索这一点 有请
To help us explore this, please welcome
国王学院 分子生物物理学教授
Professor of Molecular Biophysics from
里夫卡·艾萨克森
King's College, Rivka Isaacson.
里夫卡 欢迎
So welcome, Rivka.
你是分子生物物理学教授
Now, Professor of Molecular Biophysics.
具体是研究什么呢
What do you do exactly?
在我的实验室里 我们会用物理学的技术
Well, in my lab, we use physics technology
研究蛋白质的形状
to work out the shapes of proteins,
蛋白质是一种分子"机器" 在人体中起到了
which are the molecular machines that do all kinds
各类重要作用
of important jobs inside our bodies.
为什么蛋白质如此复杂
So why are proteins so complex?
它们由一系列氨基酸组成
Well, they're made as a sequence of amino acids,
就像一串珠子 珠子的形状和特性