人工智能的真相（2023）（2）

当今世界 人工智能无处不在
In today's world, AI is everywhere.
我今天有哪些安排
What appointments do I have today?
今天有英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座
Today is the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures.
请播放一首提神醒脑的歌♥
Play me a "wake me up" morning mix.
* 你的生活又过去了一天 *
* Another day's passing in your life... *
它突然出现在
It's popping up in places
许多我们几年前无法想象的地方
we could never have imagined a few years ago.
* 我正走在 *
* I'm on my way... *
麦克 今晚的讲座你准备好了吗
Mike, you all set for tonight?
我喜欢你的背景
I love your background!
是啊 我正在感受圣诞氛围
Yeah, I'm just getting in the Christmas mood.
电脑 我今晚需要穿外套吗
Computer, will I need a coat tonight?
是的 请携带外套
Yes, take a coat.
我们对日常生活中的人工智能了解多少
How aware are we of the AI in our everyday lives?
* 我们正要登上... *
* We're on a ride to... *
在哪里能找到它
Where can we find it?
* 我身无分文... *
* Ain't got no money... *
它能做些什么
What does it do?
* 你无法忽视... *
* You can't ignore it... *
这就是今晚讲座中我们将探讨的
That's what we'll be asking in tonight's lectures.
皇家科学院科学讲座演播厅
假象
真♥相♥
人工智能大揭秘
2023年英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座
第二讲 我的人工智能生活
大家好 我是麦克·伍德里奇
Hello, I'm Mike Wooldridge,
麦克·伍德里奇教授
欢迎回到本年度第二场
and welcome back to the second of this year's
英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座
Christmas lectures from the Royal Institution,
本讲座由CGI集团赞助播出
an event supported by CGI.
在上场讲座中 我们了解到
In the last lecture, we saw how today's
当今人工智能是受人脑启发 发展而来的
artificial intelligence was inspired by the human brain.
本次讲座我们将深入探讨
In this lecture, we're going to investigate
人工智能如何塑造我们今天的生活
how AI is shaping our lives today,
我们将看到游戏在推动人工智能发展方面
and we're going to see how games have played
起到了怎样重要的作用
an incredibly important role in advancing AI.
我们过会儿将再回到
We're going to come back to the video that we just saw
刚才所看的影片
a little bit later on in the lecture,
仔细聊聊该影片中
and we're going to discuss exactly
人工智能扮演的角色
where AI features in that video.
但首先 我们来探讨一下人工智能
But first, we're going to start by exploring
在我们最流行的娱乐形式 电子游戏中
how AI features in one of our most popular forms
起到的重要作用
of entertainment - video games.
有请跑车浪漫旅[GT赛车]顶尖选手马丁·格雷迪
Please welcome top GT driver Martin Grady,
和索尼人工智能公♥司♥的考什克·苏布拉马尼安
and from Sony AI, Kaushik Subramanian.
欢迎你 马丁 -谢谢
Welcome, Martin. - Thank you.
请坐
Take a seat...
别客气
..and make yourself comfortable.
马丁 你玩赛车游戏多久了
Now, Martin, how long have you been racing?
我玩赛车游戏二十五年了
I've been racing for 25 years.
其中十二年是职业选手
And I've been a pro-racing driver for 12 of those.
好吧 我们今天想请你
OK, so what we're going to get you to do today
和人工智能一较高下
is we're going to get you to play against AI.
我们将安排你和索尼人工智能公♥司♥
We're going to get you to play against a racing AI
为《跑车浪漫旅》开♥发♥的
that was developed by Sony AI
赛车人工智能进行比赛
for the game of Gran Turismo.
顺便问一下 观众中
By the way, who in the audience has
谁家有这些东西吗
got one of these things at home?
谁家有吗
Anybody?
少数几个人家有这些东西
A couple of people have got one of those.
马丁 请开始吧
So, Martin, you get yourself going.
告诉我们 考什克
Kaushik, tell us,
你构建该人工智能是想做什么
what did you want to do when you built this AI?
好吧 我们向自己提出的第一个挑战是
Right, the first challenge what we asked ourselves is,
我们能开♥发♥出一款能在比赛中击败
can we develop an AI that can race to beat the world's best
GT赛车世界冠军的人工智能吗
Gran Turismo racers in a competitive race?
人工智能可以学会赛车所需的
And can the AI learn the required skills
高阶技能吗
to perform at that level?
事实证明我们能
It turns out we can.
索菲 赛车游戏中人工智能的名字
考什克 该游戏中索菲在哪里
Kaushik, where exactly is Sophy appearing in this, the AI?
马丁正和其他十九辆人工智能赛车比赛
So, Martin's raced with 19 other AI cars,
它们都由GT索菲控制
and they're all controlled by Gran Turismo Sophy here.
从这里就能看出来
And the way you can see that is,
在左手边
if you look on the left-hand side,
你可以看到所有玩家车辆的名字
you can see all the names of the player cars.
这里有个心形图标
And there's a logo which looks like a heart,
所有带这个图标的
and all of those logos
都是GT索菲控制的车
are the Gran Turismo Sophy cars.
所有这些车都知道自己是哪辆
And all of those cars, they know what car they're driving,
它们知道彼此
they're aware of each other
当然也能意识到马丁的存在
and they're of course aware of Martin as well.
好吧 但它们并不想联手对付马丁 对吗
OK, but they're not all trying to gang up on Martin, are they?
它们都是独♥立♥的吗
They're all independent?
它们都想让自己获得第一名
They're all trying to get to first place independently.
索菲是如何变得这么出色的呢
So how did Sophy, the AI, get good enough in this race?
人工智能GT索菲
This AI, Gran Turismo Sophy,
经过了一种称作"强化学习"的方法训练
is trained using an approach called reinforcement learning,
也就是人工智能通过试错来学习
an approach where the AI learns by trial and error.
一开始 索菲不太了解驾驶
So, at the start, it really doesn't know much about driving,
更别提比赛规则了
much less the rules of racing.
我们这里有训练视频
OK, I think we've got the video showing here of the training.
好吧 在视频里
Right, and when you watch this,
你们能看到赛车相撞
you're going to see the cars colliding,
车辆完全失控
you're going to see the cars completely losing control,
冲出赛道
going off the track.
视频里是刚训练几小时后的结果
And this is just within a few hours of training.
就是这个样子
This is what it looks like.
过了一段时间 通过强化学习
And after a while, with reinforcement learning,
它尝试了许多不同的事
it tries many different things
最终学会正确的操作顺序
and then it learns, finally, the right sequence
能够进行比赛了
of actions to be able to race,
就像马丁现在正看到的那样
like the way Martin's looking at right now.
显然马丁撞车了
Or crashing, apparently.
好吧 我们稍后回来
OK, now, we're going to come back later on in the lecture
继续了解更多"强化学习"的相关内容
and we're going to learn a lot more about reinforcement learning.
考什克 但为什么像这样的电子游戏
But, Kaushik, why is a video game like this so difficult
很难用强化学习的方法
for reinforcement learning,
来让机器进行学习
and just for machine learning generally?
赛车游戏有许多变量
Racing has a lot of variability.
情况瞬息万变
There are everchanging situations.
当你在那些情形下 处于失控边缘时
When you're driving at the edge of control in those situations,
很难进行判断
that can be hard.
在GT赛车游戏中
Now, in Gran Turismo,
玩家有近五千辆车可选
players have access to nearly 500 different cars,
当你驾驶这些车比赛时
and when you take those cars and you put them in a race,
这些车在数圈的比赛中能以多种方式
those cars can interact in many different ways
相互影响
over multiple laps.
在所有这些情形下
And in all of those situations,
人工智能都需要技巧娴熟 行事可靠
the AI would need to be skilful and reliable,
这极具挑战
and that can be challenging.
好吧 训练我们现在看到的人工智能用了多久
OK. And how long did it take to train the AI that we're seeing?
单次试验需要约二十五台PS游戏机
A single experiment takes about 25 PlayStations
训练近两周时间
and trains for nearly two weeks
然后才能和其他人类玩家进行比赛
before it can race with other human players.
好吧 马丁 告诉我们
OK, so, Martin, tell us,
你觉得这个怎么样
how are you finding this?
和你之前玩过的有什么不同吗
Is it different to what you've used previously?
完全不一样
Yeah, it's completely different.
过去你只能和普通车辆比赛
In the past, you would just race a standard car,
那些车一圈又一圈只在同一车道行驶
just going on the same line over and over.
这里 你能看到它们正在防守
Here, you can see they're going defensive,
它们会对我的行为做出反应
they're reacting to what I do.