人工智能的真相（2023）（2）

So very close, both of you.
但是你们要记住 那些只是
But you've got to remember that those were only the times
我和人工智能直接互动的次数
that I was interacting with AI, like, directly.
当我走在街上的时候
So, like, when I was walking down the street,
周边可能有很多使用人工智能的东西
there might've been loads of stuff around that was using AI
我和它们之间算是间接互动
that I was sort of indirectly interacting with.
所以实际上应该是不止十二次
So it could've been actually loads more than 12.
确实很可能不止十二次
I think that probably was loads more than 12.
我们只是没有意识到 -完全正确
We just don't realise it. - Exactly.
人工智能在你的日常生活中出现这么多次
OK, were you surprised how many times
你有没有感到惊讶
AI appears in your everyday life?
我真的很惊讶
I was, like, totally surprised.
在我制♥作♥这个视频之前 我不知道
So, before I made this video, I had no idea
我每天要和人工智能互动
how many times I might be interacting with AI
多少次
on a daily basis.
我手♥机♥上有个睡眠应用程序
So I've got, like, a sleep app on my phone,
我知道我几乎每天都在用它
and I know that I use that pretty much every day,
但我不知道里面会有人工智能
but I had no idea that that might have AI in it.
还有手♥机♥上的地图软件甚至红绿灯也是
And also things like an app for maps and even traffic lights.
我只是没有意识到所有这些都使用了人工智能
I just didn't realise all of that could be using AI as well.
好的埃米莉 非常感谢你参加我们的节目
OK, Emily, thanks so much for joining us.
真的非常感谢 -谢谢大家 谢谢
We really appreciate it. - Thank you. Thank you.
从影片中我们清楚地看到 人工智能
So, from that video, it's clear that AI is embedded
在我们的生活中无处不不在
in our lives already everywhere.
比如和声控私人助理说话
Something like talking to a voice-activated personal assistant
或者使用自动翻译应用程序
or using an automated translation app.
现在 这些事情很快就会变得平淡无奇
Now, those things can very quickly get mundane.
它们好像很稀松平常
They seem very ordinary.
但是我要告诉大家
But I have to tell you,
当人工智能的研究人员发明了像自动翻译
it's incredibly frustrating for AI researchers
这样的东西 而人们却觉得这理所当然的时候
when they deliver something like automated translation
这会令他们非常沮丧
and everybody starts taking it for granted.
但在某些领域 人工智能的应用
But there are some areas where AI
永远不该被视作理所当然
should never be taken for granted,
那就是能拯救生命的领域
where AI is saving lives.
我们来看看这一领域的人工智能
Let's have a look at one area that AI has the potential
它有能力给全球的人带来福祉
to have a beneficial impact on a global scale,
它真的可以拯救生命并使生活变得更好
where literally it will save lives and make lives better.
这一领域 就是医疗保健行业
AI in health care.
让我们从帕金森症开始说起
Let's start by talking about Parkinson's disease.
为了帮助大家理解这一疾病
And to help explain this disease,
请大家欢迎鲁特格尔·赛尔茨玛医生
I'd like you to welcome Dr Rutger Zietsma
以及前BBC科技记者
and former BBC technology correspondent
罗里·赛伦·琼斯
Rory Cellan-Jones.
欢迎 鲁特格尔 欢迎 罗里
Welcome, Rutger. Welcome, Rory.
罗里 首先 请你跟我们说说
So, Rory, first, can you tell us a little bit about
帕金森症是什么 它都有何症状
what Parkinson's is and how it manifests itself?
帕金森症是一种大脑退化性疾病
Well, Parkinson's disease is a degenerative brain disease.
基本上就是大脑里的多巴胺细胞
It's basically what happens when the dopamine cells
开始死亡
in your brain begin to die.
这会影响到很多事情
And that affects an awful lot of things.
它的症状包括颤抖 失眠
And the symptoms include a tremor, insomnia,
动作僵硬
stiffness in movement.
字体过小是另外一个症状
Tiny writing is another symptom.
它有一大堆症状
There are a whole bunch of symptoms
而且情况迥异
and it's very various.
很多人有其中一种症状 却没有另外一种症状
Lots of people have one symptom, but not another.
你被诊断出来的故事
OK, now, you have a really amazing story
很精彩 你能跟我们讲一讲吗
about how you came to be diagnosed. Can you tell us about that?
我最开始觉得不对劲是
Well, I first suspected something
我和妻子度假散步的时候
when I was walking with my wife on holiday
我的右脚一直是拖着走的
and I kept dragging my right foot.
但是一个月后 我上了电视
But then, a month later, I was on the television
在岛上做直播
doing a live broadcast from the island...
我们现在在这里直播
We've got the broadcast here.
是的 在泽西岛上直播
Yeah, from the island of Jersey.
正如你所看到的 我当时根本没有注意到
And as you can see, I didn't notice this at the time at all,
我的手抖得很厉害
but my hand was shaking quite violently.
有位神经科学专家看到了
Somebody saw it, a neuroscience expert,
他写信给BBC说
and wrote in to the BBC and said,
你应该把这件事弄清楚
"You ought to get that sorted out
因为这可能是帕金森症的症状
"because that could be a symptom of Parkinson's disease."
好吧 真难相信你竟然...
OK, it's really incredible that you actually...
实际上引起你注意的
Actually, what drew your attention to it
竟然是有人看你直播时发现了
is somebody spotting a broadcast that you were doing.
罗里 你请坐
OK, Rory, you take a seat.
鲁特格尔 请告诉我们人工智能是如何被用来
Rutger, tell us, how is AI being used to help
帮助诊断帕金森症的
diagnose Parkinson's disease?
好的 我想向大家介绍神经运动笔
Yes, I would like to introduce to you the NeuroMotor Pen,
最好是加上一个简短的演示
ideally with a brief demonstration.
罗里 你能试一下吗
Rory, would you mind giving it a go?
我来试一下
I will give it a go.
你所需要做的就是画一下EL图
All you need to do is draw an EL figure
画大概五次
and do it about five times.
这支笔会测量你的动作
The pen measures movements,
但是大脑的运动和身体远端的功能之间
but there's a link between the movement in the brain
其实是有关联的
and the remote function.
我们实际上是在观察大脑发生了什么
So we're effectively looking at what's going on with the brain
如果大脑的一部分控制精细运动
and if a part of the brain controls fine movement,
那它可能会受到 比如
it might perhaps be affected by, for example,
帕金森症的影响
Parkinson's disease.
它是靠计算数字生物标志物
So it basically calculates digital biomarkers,
即病人可能表现出的症状
the symptom that the patient may be suffering from -
比如颤抖 有节奏的晃动
things like tremor, a rhythmical shake
或者动作迟缓
or slowness of movement.
那为什么这个诊断比人类的诊断
So why is this better or more preferable
更好或者更可取呢
to a human diagnosing?
人类还是有参与其中
So the human will still be involved.
临床医生仍然负责诊断
The clinician is still in charge of making the diagnosis,
但是这套设备提供了准确而
but this device provides you with accurate,
客观的信息 这是非常有用的
objective information, and that's really useful,
尤其是当症状非常轻 不很明显
especially if it's very subtle and it's not very obvious,
不容易被发现或者解释的时候
when it's not easy to spot or interpret.
它让诊断过程简单了些
So it makes the process a little bit easier
你也可以更快做出诊断
and you can make a faster diagnosis.
好的 那它对像罗里这样已经被诊断患有
OK. And what does it mean for people like Rory who've actually
帕金森症的人意味着什么呢
been diagnosed with the disease?
这对他们来说意味着什么
What does it mean for them?
在不同的个体身上 帕金森症的
Well, Parkinson's disease develops differently
发展方式不一样
in different individuals.
所以理想的治疗方法是因人而异的
So a treatment is ideally individualised for the patient.
目前 要了解一个病人的症状
Currently, it's a big challenge to find out how well the person
比起几个月前有何变化是一大挑战
is doing today compared to, for example, three months ago.
但通过这些精确的读数
By taking these accurate readings,
你就能知道他们需要用多少药才能维持良好状态
you can find out how much of a drug they need in order to feel well.
现在我们可以看一下罗里的结果了
Now, I think we're ready to take a look at Rory's results,
应该会显示在这个屏幕上
and they should be on this monitor over here.
也许你们俩可以和我一起 还有鲁特格尔
So perhaps you'd like to both join me, and Rutger,
你能不能跟我们讲讲这张图显示的都是什么意思
if you could just talk us through what we're seeing here?
好的 系统输出的第一个结果是
OK. So the first output of the system was this was a confirmation
确认这是帕金森症
of Parkinson's disease.
我确实得了帕金森症
I've got Parkinson's disease?!
没错 -谢谢你
Correct. - Thank you for that.
看看这些症状 这些是罗里的症状
And looking at the symptoms, so these are Rory's symptoms.
症状分值
动作迟缓 3.6 字体过小 5.3
颤抖 2.8 不精确 5.4
这很有意思 因为它们都是中到高分值
This is interesting, because they're all sort of moderate to high,
除了颤抖分值相对较低
except tremor is relatively low.
原因是他在服药
The reason is that he's using medication,
用了这种药 颤抖就减少了
and using that medication, there's less of a tremor.
好的 就是说数值越高 症状就越严重
OK. So these would be more over, the more severe the symptoms,