BBC地平线：人工智能指南（2018）

然后我们就能看到这台机器有多精确了
And then we can see just how accurate the machine really is.
请问 你今天哪里不舒服吗
May I ask, please, what's troubling you today?
我总是感到很疲惫
I am feeling tired all the time.
除了感到疲惫 我还一直觉得虚弱
So, as well as feeling tired, I've had been feeling kind of weak.
我要跟计算机这样说
Let's tell the computer that.
-你运动后会气短吗 -是的
- Do you get breathless on exertion? - Yes, I do.
谢谢 我已经记录了
Thanks, I have noted this.
我已经把我所有的症状都告诉计算机了
So, I've given the computer all of my symptoms now,
它给出了一个诊断
and it's come up with a diagnosis.
可以看到 我写的是纤维瘤
You can see that I have put down fibroids,
计算机诊断的是子♥宫♥肌瘤
and the computer has said uterine leiomyoma,
这两个是同一种疾病
which is actually the same thing.
这些圆圈代表的是疾病
What the circles represent are diseases,
症状以及风险因素
symptoms and risk factors,
这些线条代表的是几个元素之间的关系
and what the lines represent are the relationships between those,
基于这些元素 计算机已经自学了
so based on that, the computer has taught itself actually
这些疾病 症状和风险因素
how strongly related those diseases,
之间的联♥系♥有多么紧密
symptoms and risk factors are.
这就是其中的原理
OK, so that's how it's termed,
概率是通过观察过往的真实病例而得到的
the probability is from looking at past real-life cases.
确实 这就是称它为机器学习的原因
Absolutely, and that's why this is machine learning.
但机器只能借助提供给它们的信息来学习
But machines can only learn from information that they are given.
而这些信息来自我们
And that information comes from us.
没有人工智能 如今的脸书是无法存在的
Facebook today could not exist without AI.
杰奎因·坎德拉
脸书 应用机器学习总监
就是如此简单
It's as simple as that.
超过十亿人每天都在使用脸书
Over a billion people use Facebook everyday,
他们每天都要加载几十次信息流
and they load their news feed a few dozen times every single day.
如果你想象一下这个工作要多少人来做
And, you know, if you imagine how many people it would take,
如果你把你每天能获得的
if you were to line up all the pieces of content
所有信息内容都串起来
that are available to you every day,
如果我要算出这个故事与这个人
if I had to sort out how relevant this story
之间有多大的关联
is going to be to this person,
把这个数字再乘以十亿用户 我们能看到
you multiply that by a billion people, we see that for a human,
这对于一个人来说是完全不可能做到的任务
this would be a task that is absolutely impossible to do.
每天 人工智能技术都从我们身上学习
Every day, AI technology is learning from us.
学得越多就越智能
The more it learns, the better it becomes.
但随着这种快速变化的发生 我们又一次
But, as this rapid change is occurring, we are once again
害怕人工智能对我们的生活产生潜在影响
becoming fearful of its potential impact on our lives.
他们认为这很有趣 他们是青少年
They thought this was going to be funny, they were teenagers,
马特·霍南
记者
所以他们不考虑
so they didn't think about the implications
删除一个人拥有的所有数据的含义
of deleting everything someone owns,
以及你这一生会有多少珍贵的数据
and how much precious data you may have in your life.
现在数据对人们来说很珍贵 非常有价值
I mean, data is quite precious to people now, it's valuable.
人工智能
Artificial intelligence,
主动式传感器
能够自我思考的机器
machines that seemingly think for themselves,
已经在改变我们的生活
are already changing our lives.
回顾《地平线》档案
Looking back through the Horizon archive,
很明显我们和人工智能的关系遵循一个模式
it's clear our relationship with AI has followed a pattern.
乐观 随后是对未知的担心
Optimism, followed by a fear of the unknown.
如果按这个循环继续 现在有关
If this cycle continues, and today's anxieties about AI
人工智能滥用数据的担心
using our data in a bad way,
很快将演变成积极的态度
soon may evolve into something more positive.
科学家又一次梦想着未来的城市
Scientists are again dreaming of the cities of the future,
以及我们能够实现的美好事物
and the wonderful things we'll be able to achieve.
然而 发明真正能自我思考的机器人
However, creating a robot that can truly think for itself
还需要几十年甚至几百年 也可能无法实现
may be decades, or even centuries away, it may never happen.
但人和机器 生命和金属
But the merging of man and machine, the organic and the metal,
人类和人工智能的融合正在发生
human and AI, is happening right now,
正如艾萨克·阿西莫夫所预测的那样
just as Isaac Asimov predicted.
在我看来 随着机器人技术不断地进步
It seems to me that, as robots become continually more advanced,
人们不会再使其
that people will not try to keep it
局限在金属和电子方面
entirely a matter of metal and electrons.
人类将会越来越多地使用
We will have human beings who will make more and more use
金属和塑料材质的人造器官
of artificial organs, of metal and plastic.
请看艾瑞克·索尔托
Meet Erik Sorto.
他的大脑内部有两列电极
Deep inside his brain are two arrays of electrodes.
我曾受到枪击
I suffered a gunshot...
艾瑞克·索尔托
使我肩膀以下都瘫痪了
..which left me paralysed from the shoulders down.
艾瑞克的骨髓被切断
Erik's spinal cord was severed...
大脑发出的控制行动的信♥号♥♥被阻断
..stopping the signals from his brain that control movement
无法到达四肢
reaching his limbs.
我是C3-C4完全四肢瘫痪
I'm a C3-C4 complete quadriplegic complete.
为了恢复他所丧失的行动能力
To try to restore movement he has lost,
艾瑞克加入了将大脑和机械臂连接起来的实验
Erik is part of a trial to merge his brain with a robot arm.
简单来说 在我们所处的社会中
In short, we may have a society in which robots
机器人可能将渐渐远离纯金属材质
will drift away from total metal
逐步靠近有机生物
toward the organic,
人类也将渐渐远离纯有机生物
and human beings will drift away from the total organic
逐步靠近金属和塑料
toward the metal, and plastic.
在中间的某个位置 他们终将融合
And that, somewhere in the middle, they may eventually meet.
当我们拥有一种
Now, when we have
金属有机生物的混合物
a kind of metal-organic hybrid,
那么他原本是金属然后变成了金属有机生物
will it matter that he was originally metal
或者原本是有机生物然后变成了金属有机生物
and became metal-organic,
这还重要吗
or that he was originally organic, and became metal-organic?
或者说这不重要吗
Or will it not matter?
我们会形成一种
Will we then have formed
更加高级
a kind of mixed culture...
更加有效或者更好的
..which perhaps might be higher,
混合文化吗
or more efficient, better?
一开始 我很在意它们
In the beginning, I was very conscious of them.
现在我完全忘了
Now I completely forget they are there,
直到有人提醒我说 你头上是什么
until someone reminds me, like, "What's that on your head?"
我才意识到 对
I'm like, "Oh yeah, that's right,
我脑袋里伸出了俩底座
"I have two pedestals sticking out of my head!"
现在艾瑞克准备好只用意念
Now, Erik is ready to try to pick up a bottle of beer
来拿起一瓶啤酒
using just his thoughts.
-这是个重要时刻 -我们开始吧
- It's the big moment. - Let's do it.
你准备好了吗
Are you ready?
好 开始
All right. OK, here we go.
他只想着动作的目标
He thinks only of the goal of the movement,
把手送到嘴边
"Bring hand to mouth",
机械手就会完成动作
and the robot arm works out the rest.
好啦
There you go.
第一步完成了
First step done.
当你去拿东西时
When you go to reach for something,
你不会一步一步来 你就直接做了
you don't walk it step-by-step, you just do it.
机械手抓到瓶子后
Once the arm has grasped the bottle,
艾瑞克再想 把手送到嘴边
Erik thinks "Bring hand to mouth" again.
还有什么从本质上来说如此可怕
Is there anything essentially horrible about thinking
想到人类有权利
that man has the right
像自然一样
to create a pseudo-living system,
建立伪生命系统
just as nature did?
你喝完啦 太好了
Hey, you finished that thing off? That's good!
他在这项非凡实验上取得的进步
His progress in this extraordinary trial
拓宽了人类的定义
has extended what it is to be human.
开始时我的思维是从大脑到我的手臂到机械臂
In the beginning, it was my brain, my arm, and the robotic arm.
现在当我去拿时
Now when I go in there,
是从大脑到机械臂 我们是一体的
it is my brain and the arm. We are one.
机械臂就好像是我的手臂 我认为
And it feels like my arm. I think the brain is...
事实就是大脑
it's a point of fact, it is
已经准备好用任何可能的工具来继续
ready to use any tool available to keep on...
让我们进步
to keep us moving forward,
帮助我们过更好的生活
and helping us live a better life.