BBC地平线：人工智能指南（2018）

A technological utopia was emerging
那时我们再无物质匮乏之虞
in which our every material need would be met.
在自家花♥园♥里
In the garden of his house,
斯林教授正在测试机器人的另一部分
Professor Thring tests out the other half of the robot,
它的腿部
its legs.
身为其中一员 他相信只有工程师
An engineer himself, he believes that engineers are the only
能够真正改变未来
people who can really change the future,
不论走向是好是坏
for good or for evil.
他希望彻底消灭琐事这一恶魔
The evil he wants to eliminate is the boredom of drudgery,
而机器人便是这苦差的承担者
and the robot he hopes will do just that.
福特先生 可以请你让机器人
Mr. Ford, would you set the robot
-清理桌子吗 -好的
- to clear the table? - Yes.
一些美国人可能不相信
Some Americans may believe
机器人能够处理家务
there is no future for a domestic robot,
但在英国 一座坐落在
but here in England, in this house on
埃平森林外♥围♥的小房♥子里
the outskirts of Epping Forest,
却真有这样的机器人在工作
there is one actually working.
多么无拘无束的未来 人们将肆意享受
This was a future promising unbridled leisure time,
社会上再没有人会被琐事所累
a society freed from the shackles of work.
例如 你可以想象在不久的未来
For example, you can envision in the future
一个家庭主妇会给杂货店打电♥话♥
a housewife dialling up a grocery store,
然后按下几个按钮
then pressing some more buttons to indicate
指明她想要杂货店送到家的商品
what groceries she wants delivered to her house.
通过拨♥打♥某个号♥码 她也可以授权银行
She can authorise the bank, again by dialling a code,
从她的计算机化户头上
to automatically remit from her
自动汇出一笔钱
computerised checking account
到杂货店的户头上去 等等
to the checking account of the grocery store and so on.
而所有这些改变都将归功于
And the primary agents of all this change would be
机器人的出现
the robots.
每一天 不论在家中还是办公室
Every day, in our homes and offices,
抑或是汽车里
as well as in our motor cars,
成百的小机器人们将无声无息地
hundreds of these little robots are doing more things
完成众多任务
for us than we realise,
它们包揽了日常杂务
taking care of the routine tasks
留给我们一身轻松
and leaving us free to
生活 工作和娱乐
live and work and play
将会更加自♥由♥ 舒适和安全
in greater ease and comfort and safety.
当然 在60年代
Of course, in the '60s,
家务是专属于女人的工作
it was only women who did the housework.
家庭主妇能否保住她们历史悠久的活计
Is the housewife also safe from losing her time honoured jobs,
擦洗 掸尘 清洗
scrubbing, dusting, washing?
还是她们盼望着有台机器人
Or can she look forward to having a robot,
免去她们家务事的辛苦
a robot about the house?
假设我有了一个家用机器人 并教会它
If I put the robot in the house and I finally teach the robot
编程和给整个屋子扫尘
to program and dust the entire house
就比如说教会它走路
let's say I've taught it to walk around
和执行掸尘动作吧
and perform all the dusting features -
你说 这个主妇离对
how long do you think it'll be before the wife wants to
家居摆设动起心思还有多远呢
change the furniture around?
甚至是涂口红这样的琐事都将
Even the drudgery of applying lipstick would be confined to
成为历史
the history books.
未来的地球上最聪明的居民
The most intelligent inhabitants
不会是人类了
of that future world won't be men.
而是机器
They'll be machines.
当今计算机的遥远后裔
The remote descendants of today's computers.
根据我的猜想
I suspect
有机生命体的进化
that organic or biological evolution
将要告一段落
has about come to its end,
无机的机械化进程
and we're now at the beginning of
即将拉开帷幕
inorganic or mechanical evolution,
而它的瞬息万变将是人们始料未及的
which will be thousands of times swifter.
在生命科学的前线
Then there's the biological frontier,
人工生命的发展将是打头阵的
the development of synthetic life.
在生命体和基因的控制方面
The control of living organisms, genetic control,
巨大的潜力与风险并存
tremendous possibilities, and tremendous perils here.
神经机械学和机器人的发明亦如是
And the cybernetics, the coming of the robots.
从某种程度而言机器人已经出现了
And, in fact, to some extent, the robots are already here.
它们的确已经出现了
They certainly were.
并正如一个蹒跚学步的小孩子
And like a toddler standing up for the very first time,
学着如何保持平衡
they were learning to keep their balance.
这台机器保持平衡的原理
Now, this machine works just the same, in the same way that
与人类站立的原理别无二致
you gain your balance when you're standing on the ground.
当你向前倾时
When you fall forward,
你通过脚趾用力向下踩来维持平衡
you push down on your toes to regain your balance.
当你向后仰时
Then if you were falling backwards,
你需要将重心移到脚跟上才能恢复平衡
you would put on your heels so you could come forward.
我无需通过双眼感知我的移♥动♥方向
I need not look to have spatial correspondence.
我只需闭上眼睛感受
All I have to do is close my eyes, because you and I can
因为人类具有与生俱来的平衡感
naturally balance ourselves with our eyes closed,
我能感到后仰时 我脚后跟所承受的压力
and I can feel myself going back and having the same pressure on
与我站立在地面上时后仰的压力相同
my heels as I would when I was standing on the ground.
卓有远见者 如来自波士顿大学的
Some visionaries, like writer and professor of biochemistry at
作家兼教授艾萨克·阿西莫夫
Boston University Isaac Asimov,
比同时代的人想得更远
were way ahead of their time,
在他所预见的遥远未来
even envisaging a distant future
机器人与人类将会融为一体
where robots and humans would merge and become one.
未来的机器人
We will have a robot
将会去无机化 转向有机化
becoming less metal, more organic.
有朝一日
We may have a society in which
机器人将逐渐从
robots will drift away from
由完全的机械体转为有机体
total metal toward the organic.
而人类将会从
And human beings will drift away
彻底的有机体转为机械化
from the total organic toward the metal.
阿西莫夫的观点在BBC1966年播出的
Asimov's point is perfectly illustrated in this BBC
《未知世界》节选 包您满意
BBC 1966年12月29日播出
这档电视剧中
television play,
得到了完美的阐释
broadcast in 1966.
托尼的身份决不能被人知道
So, you see, nobody must know about Tony.
他可是个机器人
I mean that he's a robot.
托尼
Tony?
他的正式名称是TN3
His official designation is TN3,
但他承认托尼这名字
but he answers to Tony.
-你说他 -如果你认为托尼是人类
- Him? - If you think Tony is human,
-那就探探他的脉搏 -我不要
- then try and feel his pulse. - No.
-去嘛 试试 -不要 别这样
- Go on, try. - No, stop.
托尼 不如你把手递给贝尔蒙小姐
Tony, will you give Mrs Belmont your wrist?
我在想未来是否可能出现
I wonder if we will make
类人的机器和类机器的人
robots so much like men and men so much like robots
那时所有的界限都将被打破
that we'll eventually lose the distinction altogether
人类与机械文化将融为一体
and have a combined culture.
或许这是最好的结果
This may be the best after all.
说不定
Maybe
由于人类将会融入这种机械文明
humanity itself will die out as humanity,
人类文明自身
and sort of melt into
将会消亡
this machine culture,
尽管它的外表不像机械文明
which won't look like a machine culture,
一个未开化的火星人
but to an untutored Martian
还可能把它当成彻头彻尾的地球人文明呢
may look like a human culture all along.
随着科技翻天覆地改变世界
As technology changed the world around them,
当时的科学家们意识到
scientists of the time knew
机器人即将真正诞生了
that robots were becoming a reality.
阿西莫夫甚至提出了"机器人三定律"
Asimov even invented three laws of robotics
来限制其行为
to restrict what they'd be capable of.
第一定律如下
The first law is as follows.
机器人不得伤害人类
A robot may not harm a human being
或在人类受到伤害时
or through inaction,
袖手旁观
allow a human being to come to harm.
第二定律 机器人必须服从
Number two. A robot must obey
相关人员所下达的指令
orders given it by qualified personnel,
除非该指令违反第一定律
unless those orders violate rule number one.
换句话说 机器人无法执行杀死人类的指令