哥本哈根（2002）

Announcer: "pbs hollywood presents" was made possible by:
播音员： “pbs好莱坞礼物”之所以成为可能，是因为：
...To enhance public understanding of science and technology.
…提高公众 对科学技术的理解。
The foundation also seeks to portray the lives of men and women
基金会 也试图描绘男人和女人的生活
Engaged in scientific and technological pursuit;
从事科学 技术追求；
...Committed to the creative pursuit of quality in the arts;
…致力于创意 追求艺术品质；
...The corporation for public broadcasting;
…公♥司♥ 公共广播；
And by contributions to your pbs station
通过捐款 到你的pbs电台
From viewers like you. Thank you.
像你这样的观众。非常感谢。
"Copenhagen" will begin after this brief introduction.
“哥本哈根”将开始 在这个简短的介绍之后。
Michael frayn: A lot of people think the play
迈克尔·弗林：很多人认为这出戏
Is about moral questions--
关于道德问题
About whether scientists should work on weapons.
关于科学家 应该研究武器。
And of course, moral questions do come into it.
当然，还有道德问题 请务必参与其中。
Before we can make any moral judgments of anyone,
在我们做任何事情之前 任何人的道德判断，
We have to understand why they are doing what they do.
我们必须明白为什么 他们正在做他们所做的事情。
You can't make a moral judgment about anyone
你不能做道德 对任何人的判断
Unless you have some knowledge of their intentions.
除非你有一些知识 他们的意图。
My play, "Copenhagen,"
我的戏剧《哥本哈根》
Is based on a real event and a real mystery.
基于真实事件 一个真正的谜。
It's about a meeting between two great scientists
这是关于一个会议 两位伟大的科学家之间
During the second world war,
期间 第二次世界大战，
In nazi-occupied Denmark--
在纳粹占领的丹麦——
Werner Heisenberg, the german physicist;
维尔纳·海森堡，德国物理学家；
And Niels Bohr, the danish physicist.
尼尔斯·玻尔，丹麦物理学家。
Now the two men had been close friends
现在，这两个人 曾经是亲密的朋友
And colleagues for over 20 years.
和同事们20多年来。
They had pioneered the field of atomic physics,
他们率先 原子物理学领域，
And eventually, their work would lead
最终，他们的工作将引领
To the development of the first atomic bomb.
为了发展 第一颗原♥子♥弹♥。
And the problem was
问题是
That at the time of the meeting in Copenhagen
那时候 哥本哈根会议
They were on opposite sides in the war.
他们站在相反的一边 在战争中。
So the meeting was fraught with difficulty from the beginning.
所以这次会议 从一开始就充满了困难。
And ever since then, people have argued
从那以后，人们争论
About what it was the two men said to each other at the meeting,
关于它是什么 那两个人在会上彼此说：，
And what it was that Heisenberg wanted to say.
那是什么 海森堡想说的。
They were two of the greatest physicists of the 20th century,
他们是最伟大的两个20世纪的物理学家，
Because they had begun to establish
因为他们已经开始了 建立
What happens inside the tiny world of the atom.
里面发生了什么 原子的微小世界。
When they first met at the beginning of the '20s,
当他们第一次见面时 在20年代初，
Niels Bohr was already extremely famous.
尼尔斯·玻尔已经 非常有名。
He was a great physicist who had won the Nobel prize for his work.
他是一位伟大的物理学家 他因工作获得了诺贝尔奖。
And Heisenberg was a young man at the very beginning of his career.
海森堡是个年轻人 在他职业生涯的最初阶段。
A very cheeky and brilliant young student.
一个非常厚颜无♥耻♥、才华横溢的人 年轻的学生。
And they did a lot of their very best work together.
他们做了很多 最好一起工作。
They had taken the lead in developing quantum mechanics,
他们已经领先了 在发展量子力学的过程中，
Possibly the most important and successful theory
可能是最重要的 成功理论
Ever to be introduced into physics.
曾经被介绍过 进入物理学。
Michio kaku: It was a match made in heaven.
卡库道雄：这是天作之合。
With Bohr pioneering the physical picture
玻尔开拓 实物图片
That he could see in his mind's eye.
他可以看到 在他心目中。
And Heisenberg, the mathematician,
海森堡，数学家，
The person who could then put into concrete mathematical language
有能力的人 然后用具体的数学语言表达
The dance of atoms.
原子的舞蹈。
The dance of electrons that Bohr could only dream about.
玻尔的电子之舞 只能梦想。
And that's where Niels Bohr and Heisenberg worked so well.
尼尔斯·玻尔就在那里 海森堡工作得很好。
Heisenberg's famous "uncertainty principle"
海森堡著名“不确定性原理”
That he introduced into quantum mechanics in the 1920s,
他介绍的20世纪20年代进入量子力学，
Demonstrates that we can never have total knowledge
证明我们永远无法 拥有全面的知识
Of the behavior of physical objects.
关于行为 物理对象。
It only matters when we are talking
这很重要 当我们交谈时
About very fast moving ones, like particles.
关于移♥动♥速度非常快的，像粒子一样。
But in theory, it applies to everything.
但从理论上讲，它适用于一切。
And if we can't know everything
如果我们不能 什么都知道
About a physical object,
关于物理对象，
We can't make predictions about it.
我们做不到 关于它的预测。
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
海森堡 不确定性原理
Challenges our normal understanding of the world.
挑战我们的正常 对世界的理解。
Michio kaku: We physicists go crazy
卡库道雄：我们物理学家疯了
When we think about the uncertainty principle.
当我们思考 不确定性原理。
Some people think that physics is a finished question;
有些人认为物理学 这是一个已完成的问题；
We know everything given enough information--
我们什么都知道 如果有足够的信息——
You know where objects are.
你知道物体在哪里。
You know how they are gonna perform.
你知道他们是怎么回事 要表演。
You can predict the outcomes of things.
你可以预测 事物的结果。
So it's really upsetting-- it's really upsetting
所以这真的很令人沮丧-- 这真的很令人沮丧
To some people at a very deep fundamental level
对于一些人来说，在一个非常 深层基础水平
That we physicists really don't know
我们物理学家 真的不知道
Where things really are at any given time.
事情到底在哪里 在任何给定的时间。
That ultimately, there is this uncertainty
最终，存在这种不确定性
That goes to the very heart of reality itself.
这直击内心 现实本身。
Frayn: Heisenberg was still only 33 when he won the Nobel prize
弗雷恩：海森堡获得诺贝尔奖时只有33岁
For the uncertainty principle.
对于不确定性 原则。
But it was also the year in which Hitler came to power.
但那也是一年 希♥特♥勒♥就是在这里上台的。
Heisenberg could have left Germany--
海森堡 本来可以离开德国的--
He was offered jobs in various american universities.
他得到了工作机会 在美国各大学。
( crowd chanting ) seig heil! Seig heil!
（人群高呼）抓住他！抓住他！
Heisenberg has been much criticized because he didn't go.
海森堡已经很多 因为他没去而受到批评。
Absolutely no one thinks Heisenberg was a nazi
绝对没有人认为 海森堡是纳粹
Or a nazi sympathizer.
或者纳粹同情者。
The criticism that's made of him is that he acquiesced,
这是批评 他默许了，
That he was too prepared to compromise with the nazi regime.
他也是 准备与纳粹政♥权♥妥协。
The advent of Hitler began to place
希♥特♥勒♥的到来 开始放置
A great strain on the friendship between the two men.
巨大的压力 关于两人之间的友谊。
Then there was a discovery in the field of atomic physics
然后有了一个发现 在原子物理领域
Which changed everything.
这改变了一切。
In the 1930s, it was demonstrated that if you fissioned the nucleus,
在20世纪30年代，已经证明，如果你使原子核发生裂变，
If you split the nucleus of an atom, it released energy.
如果你分手 原子核，它释放能量。
It suddenly seemed theoretically possible
突然间，它似乎 理论上可能
To use atomic physics to produce power
使用原子物理学 产生电力
For other constructive or destructive purposes.
其他建设性 或破坏性目的。
This was the moment
就在这一刻
When atomic physics ceased to be purely abstract
当原子物理学停止时 纯粹抽象
And took on an immense significance
并采取了一个巨大的 意义
For the future of the human race.
为了未来 人类的。
Niels Bohr, because he liked to think in terms of physical pictures,
尼尔斯·玻尔，因为他喜欢用物理图片来思考，
Had the idea that the nucleus of the atom was like a droplet of water,
我有这个想法 原子核就像一滴水，
Where surface tension kept the droplet of water intact and spherical.
表面张力在哪里 使水滴保持完整和球形。
However, if you came in and hit it with an outside object,
然而，如果你 进来用外面的东西砸了它，
This liquid drop could then fission in half,
这个液滴 然后可以分♥裂♥成两半，
Into two smaller liquid drops. And then he realized
变成两个较小的液滴。然后他意识到
That perhaps you could release fantastic amounts of energy,
也许你可以释放 惊人的能量，
The energy that was known to be stored in the nucleus of the atom,
已知的能量 储存在原子核中，
By splitting it with this liquid drop.
通过拆分它 用这个液滴。
And then, he very rapidly calculated
然后，他非常 快速计算
That you had to have an exotic form of uranium,
你必须拥有 一种奇特的铀，
U235.
U235。
Then began an international chase
然后开始 国际追逐
To see who could get this fabulous u235,
看看谁能得到 这款出色的u235，
This rare form of uranium.
这种罕见的铀。
What was at stake was the fate of humanity itself.
危在旦夕的是命运 人类本身。
Bohr and Heisenberg were the leaders in a kind of physics
玻尔与海森堡 是某种物理学的领导者
That could now be used to produce,
现在可以使用它了 为了生产，
In theory, a most terrible weapon.
理论上，可怕的武器。
But they were cut off from each other.
但他们被切断了 从彼此。
When the war broke out in 1939, Heisenberg knew
战争爆发时1939年，海森堡知道
That that was the end of his contact with Bohr in Copenhagen.
就这样结束了 他在哥本哈根与玻尔的接触。
And he wrote a very moving letter to Bohr,
他写了一篇非常 写信给玻尔，
Which goes right to the heart
这是对的 到心脏
Of the father-son relationship they had.
关于父子 他们之间的关系。