BBC地平线：明日世界（2013）

迈克尔·比查特是一位英国发明家
Michael Pritchard is a British inventor
他决定解决一个简单却危害巨大的问题
who decided to tackle a simple but devastating problem.
如何能使灾区得到清洁的饮用水
How do you get clean water in a disaster zone?
驱动他的事情是
The crisis that spurred him on
2004年亚洲海啸
was the Asian tsunami of 2004.
最初由海浪破坏带来的悲剧
The initial tragedy of the wave's destruction
迅速变成一场更大的人类灾难
rapidly turned into a greater human catastrophe,
饮用水供水系统受到污染
as drinking water supplies became polluted,
疾病 病害和死亡开始蔓延
spreading sickness, disease and death.
最使我震惊的是眼看着这场海啸
The thing that struck me most was watching the tsunami,
到处都是水
was that there was water everywhere.
他们被水包围 那是生命之源
They were surrounded by water, the thing for life,
但是却不能饮用
and yet they couldn't drink it
迈克尔·比查特 全球救援组织
所有水井都满了
and all the wells had come up
却均受到污染
and they were contaminated,
我被触动了
and I just...I don't know, it just touched a nerve.
这让我很生气
It just made me angry.
而那对我来说 也是一种提示
And that was sort of my cue really.
我们不需要运输饮用水
We don't need to ship water,
我们只需要已有的水
we just need to make the water
变成安全的饮用水
that's there safe to drink.
迈克尔开始着眼于污水处理厂
Michael began looking at the membranes that are used
用于过滤水中有害病原体的
in sewage plants to filter harmful pathogens
过滤膜
out of water.
他开始考虑这些纳米级网格
He wondered if these nano-scale meshes
是否能用于便携水瓶
could be used in a portable bottle.
毛孔大小合适的薄膜
So was it fairly easy to get your hands on a mesh
容易得到吗
that had pores the right size?
不 我必须和薄膜界的人们一起合作
No, I had to work with people in the membrane world
将他们的技术
to transfer their technology, if you like,
安装到一个可便携器具里 即是救生水瓶
into a portable device, which is the lifesaver bottle.
如果我把它拆开
And if I break it down,
我可以给你看它的组成部分
I can show you its sort of constituent parts.
这是第一层过滤
That's the first level of filtration,
有点类似海绵
that's kind of a sponge,
阻隔从大象到细枝大小的东西
and that will stop an elephant to a twig.
但是真正巧妙的地方
But the...the real clever bit,
在于这里面的过滤器
if you like, is in this filter here.
我不知道你能否看到这里面
I don't know whether you can see inside there,
-这有一些线圈 -看到
- but there's windings. - Yes.
事实上 这是一个中空纤维薄膜
There's actually... that's a hollow fibre membrane
配上一个泵
so now, with a pump,
可以达到所需要的压力
I can build up the pressure that I need,
这将迫使水穿过薄膜
and that will force the water through the membranes,
把污染物留在脏侧
leave the contamination on the dirty side
让无菌的净水出来
and just let the sterile clean water come up.
我想现在需要看它是否有效
I suppose what remains to be seen is if it works,
我猜这缸水就是为了这个
which is why I presume this tank of water is here?
-好 -看起来没什么大害
- Yeah. - That looks fairly benign.
在洪泛区
In the middle of a flood zone, right?
水不是这个样子的
your water doesn't look like this
所以我拿了一些零碎的东西
so I've gone and got some bits and pieces to put in it
放进去 尝试模拟
to try and recreate what's going to happen
洪泛区的样子
in a flood zone.
零碎东西吗
Bits and pieces, you say?
零碎东西
Bits and pieces.
我们先从很简单的东西开始
So let's start off with something pretty simple,
一些碎渣 树叶 细枝之类的东西
some detritus, some leaves, twigs, that sort of thing.
都是很好的有机物
Nice organic matter, it's all good.
相当好的有机物
Nice organic matter, that's pretty fine.
但是还不够严重
But that's not bad enough.
所以我还拿了一些池塘里的水
So, I've gone and got some water from the pond.
我准备把它也倒进去
I'm just going to put that in as well.
怎样的池塘有这种水
What kind of pond do you have?!
但在灾难中发生的是
But what happens in a disaster
水将涌发 从排水管出来
is, the water surges and up come the drains, OK,
所以排水管有各种各样的东西
so you've got all sorts of stuff going on in the drains.
我从污水处理厂拿了一些残留物
So, I've gone and got some run-off from a sewage plant
我把这些也一起扔进去
and I'm just going to pop that in there, as well.
-那 -厕纸什么的都有
- So... - Toilet roll and everything!
对 应有尽有
Yes! The whole nine yards.
但我同时还拿来了
But what I've also gone and got,
从我的狗艾尔菲那来的一点小礼物
is a little gift from my dog, Alfie.
这是真的
And it's genuine.
不不 相信我 看起来一点也不假
No no no, believe me. It looks very real!
那我们把这个放进去
OK, so let's just... let's just put that in there.
天哪
Oh, good grief.
因为人们不相信这些
Because, you know, people don't believe this stuff.
而你将要喝这些水
And you're going to drink it.
这可不是开心的笑容
This is not a smile of happiness.
-我紧张的时候 就会笑 -好了
- I-I smile when I'm nervous! - There we go.
这下惨了
This is not good.
那么现在你看到的水
So, now, when you look at that,
更像你在灾难中
that is more like the water
将要面临的水一样
that you're going to be faced with in the middle of a disaster.
我们要做的是
So, what we're going to do is,
把水舀进水壶里
we're going to scoop up a jug of this water.
稍微搅一搅
And let's just stir that up a bit.
舀一些
OK, let's get some of that...
瞧瞧 我们都知道这是哪来的
Oh, look. We know where that came from, don't we?
-没错 -那些比较大块的东西
- Exactly. - Those bigger bits.
现在只要倒进这里
All we're going to do is pop it in here
把它变成安全饮用水
and make it safe to drink. OK?
把水倒进去
So, we chuck it in here like that.
好了 水流向四周
That's it. It just goes everywhere.
-水流向四周 -好
- It goes everywhere. - OK.
把它倒过来 打几下气
Put the base on. Give it a few pumps.
像这样
Ok?
然后
And then...
-准备好了吗 -好的
- Are you ready? - Yeah.
-你要拿着吗 -好的 -好
- Do you want to hold it? - Sure. - OK.
杯子放过来 好了 就是这样
Get it in. There we go. That's it.
这是干净 无菌的饮用水
And that is clean, sterile drinking water.
我要找找那些小块的
I am going to just check for those little bits of...
先闻一闻
Have a smell. Have a smell.
-怎么样 -闻起来完全没问题
- OK? - It smells perfectly fine.
尝一尝
Have a taste.
有什么味道
What's it taste of?
-就是水 -就是水 -干净的水
- Water. - Water. - Clean water.
因为这只有水
'Cause that's all it is. OK?
太不可思议了 太棒了 而且
It's fantastic. It's just brilliant. And it...
而且这是无菌 临床上的无菌
And that is sterile, clinically sterile.
现在全世界有大量人
This filtration system is now being used
在使用这个过滤系统
by thousands of people all around the world.
包括发生具有巨大破坏性地震后的
It's being used in Haiti and Pakistan
海地和巴基斯坦
in the wake of devastating Earthquakes.
对我来说 这说明了只要有大胆的构想
And, to me, it shows that having a bold vision
和实现想法的动力
and the drive to implement it
有时这才是发明最重要的部分
are sometimes the most important part of invention.
小型的专门小组能做到
Small, dedicated teams of individuals can do
人们曾经认为只有政♥府♥能实现的目标
what was once thought only possible by governments.
我们看到一些给人灵感的发明家
We've seen some inspirational inventors.
与成千上万和他们一样的人聚集一起
Together, they and thousands of others like them
共同创造出明日世界
are helping to create tomorrow's world,
我非常想看到
and I've been intrigued to see
什么给了他们灵感
what makes these men and women tick.
我想
I think the one attribute
所有的科学家和工程师
that all scientists and engineers
以及发明家都需要的 是好奇心
and innovators need is curiosity.
对世界存有好奇心