BBC地平线：明日世界（2013）

人类昂首阔步 将黑夜变成白昼
Man has taken his greatest stride towards turning night into day.
微缩胶片的发明...
The invention of microfilm has...
这款软件...
This is the software...
被认定为青霉素...
Identified as penicillium...
激光束的信息容量...
The laser beam has an information capacity...
科技进入白热化阶段...
The white heat of technology come to life...
这是D-4
This is D-4,
英国科学博物馆的八个机库之一
one of eight hangars belonging to the UK's Science Museum,
这里收藏了令人震惊的数十万件发明
a mind-boggling collection of hundreds of thousands of inventions,
它们都改变了我们的世界
all of which have changed our world.
从蒸汽机到最早的计算机
Everything from steam engines to some of the very first computers.
我发现这是一个给人启迪的地方
I find this an inspiring place.
一个提醒我们是多么具有创造力的地方
A reminder of how inventive we can be.
但我到这里来是为了寻找
But I've come here to find out about
一些如今最令人兴奋的发明
some of the most exciting of today's inventions.
我会见到这些改变世界的发明背后
I am going to meet the men and women who are the driving forces
起到关键作用的人
behind some of the inventions that are changing our world.
他们是塑造我们的未来的
They're pioneers in four areas of science
太空 生物技术 纳米技术 能源
四个科学领域的先驱
that are shaping our future.
但这不光是关于这些发明本身
But it's not just about the inventions themselves.
我想知道他们是怎么做的
I want to know how they go about it,
是什么启发了他们
what inspires them,
他们是如何将想法实现
how do they drive their ideas forward
并最终变成史无前例的发明
and ultimately end up with a ground-breaking invention?
我想偷偷预览一下未来的世界
I am hoping to get a sneak preview of tomorrow's world.
明日世界
地平线特别节目
在超过一百万年的时间里
For over a million years,
这个简单的打火工具
this, a simple flint tool,
曾是人类发明的巅峰
was the pinnacle of human invention.
利兹·邦宁
它在三万代间都没有改变
It remained pretty much unchanged for 30,000 generations.
但在过去的150年间
But in the past 150 years,
发明的速度 从飞机到火箭到智能手♥机♥
the pace of invention, from planes to rockets to smart phones,
一直非常惊人
has been extraordinary
并且没有任何慢下来的迹象
and it shows no signs of slowing down.
仅仅在美国 2000年后申请的专利
In the US alone, more patents have been filed
就比之前四十年的加起来还要多
since the year 2000 than in the previous 40 years combined.
美国每年专利数量
全球每年发表的科学文献越来越多
More scientific papers are being published globally year on year.
更多的科学文献
并有更多的国家参与进来
And more countries than ever before are getting involved.
如今人人都能创造 无论身处何处
Today anyone can innovate, anywhere in the world,
汤姆·切舍 《连线》杂♥志♥
不管是在西方的一个车♥库♥里
whether that's in the West in a garage
还是在内罗毕[肯尼亚首都]的一部手♥机♥上
or in Nairobi on a mobile phone.
谷歌♥ 来自斯坦福大学的两个人
Google, two guys from Stanford University wrote
阿洛克·贾 《卫报》科学记者
写了一个非常简单的算法
a very simple algorithm
现在成了身价几十亿美元的公♥司♥
that now is a multi-billion dollar company.
我想我们才刚刚启程
I think we're only at the very beginning of our journey.
吉姆·阿尔哈利利教授 萨里大学
如果你喜欢新想法 而且你喜欢把事物打乱
If you like new ideas, and you like disrupting things,
玛莎·莱恩·福克斯 英国数字卫士
而且你喜欢改变并尝试新事物
and you like change and doing the new,
那么生活在现在就是最好的时候了
then there has never been a better time to be alive.
我们离地升空了
We have...we have lift-off.
我想从一个从我小时候就吸引我的
I want to start with one area that has fascinated me
领域开始
since I was a child -
对太空的探索
the exploration of space.
太空
这个领域的革命是由
It's an area which is being revolutionised
21世纪的发明家引起的
by 21st-century inventors,
比如彼得·迪曼蒂斯
like Peter Diamandis.
他曾经是一位工程师和物理学家
He started out as an engineer and physician,
但现在他是一位正引领一场
but now he's an entrepreneur
走向太空的新竞赛的企业家
who's spearheading a new race to space.
好 当然 好的
OK, sure. OK.
你需要我起草...
Do you need me to draft...
而且他有一些身居高位的朋友
And he has some friends in high places.
好了 那是白宫打来的
OK. It's the White House.
如果我必须挑一件启发我的事
If I had to put one thing that inspired me,
那就是阿波罗计划
it was the Apollo programme.
你知道 看着人类登上月球
You know, seeing humanity going to the Moon
然后看着美国在1972年停下脚步
and then seeing America stop going in 1972,
彼得·迪曼蒂斯 X奖基金会
那就是说 好吧 他们不去了
that really said, OK, they're not going.
我怎么做才能让我们上去呢
What am I going to do to get us there?
登月计划被暂停
The lunar programme was brought to a halt in part
部分原因是耗资巨大
because of the huge price tag.
相当于现在的一千亿
The equivalent of over 100 billion in today's money.
彼得的挑战在于
Peter's challenge was to
找到一个让私营组织
find a way to encourage the private sector
继续国家留下的工作
to pick up where the state had left off.
他从历史上一个伟大的飞行员身上受到了启发
He found inspiration in one of history's great aviators,
查尔斯·林德伯格
Charles Lindbergh,
他的追求是成为单独飞越大西洋的第一人
and his quest to be the first to cross the Atlantic solo.
一天我的一个非常亲密的朋友
One day a very close friend of mine
给了我一本林德伯格的书
gave me a copy of Lindbergh's book
然后我发现林德伯格在1927年飞越大西洋
and I read about the fact that Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic in 1927
是为了赢一个奖项
to win a prize.
我之前不知道
I had no idea.
他是为了两万五的奖金
He was going after a 25,000 prize
而那两万五让九个队伍花去四十万
and that 25,000 drove nine different teams who spent 400,000,
花了奖金的十六倍就为了得奖金
16 times the prize money, going after that prize.
为私人太空飞行设立一个奖项
The idea of creating a space prize
这个想法就这样出现了
for private space flight came to mind.
我把它称作X奖
I called it the X Prize
因为我不知道谁会出钱
cos I had no idea who would put up the money.
那个X是个将由赞助者的名字取代的变量
The X was a variable to be replaced by the name of the sponsor.
非常荣幸能一起庆祝
It's a pleasure to celebrate
谷歌♥登月X奖的设立
the launch of the Google Lunar X Prize.
巴兹·奥尔德林博士 阿波罗11号♥宇航员
2007年 迪曼蒂斯设立了谷歌♥登月X奖
In 2007, Diamandis set up the Google Lunar X Prize.
它提供两千万的奖金给首个
It offers a 20 million reward to the first private team
登月X奖
能成功让机器人登陆月球的私人团队
that can successfully land a robot on the Moon,
机器人需要在月球表面行走五百米
get it to travel 500 metres across its surface...
并将数据和高分辨率图像发回地球
..And send data and high-definition images back to Earth.
谷歌♥登月X奖这项比赛将证明
The Google Lunar X Prize is a competition that will demonstrate
小型的专业团队也能做到
that small dedicated teams of individuals can do
曾经只有政♥府♥才有可能办到的事
what was thought only once possible by governments.
赛事的领跑者之一是"月球快递"
One of the front-runners for the prize is Moon Express.
他们的基地在加州的莫法特场
They're based here at Moffatt Field, California,
在这里他们能使用美国宇航局的一些多余设备
where they're using some of NASA's surplus research facilities.
他们的首席执行官是鲍勃·理查兹
Their CEO is Bob Richards.
谷歌♥登月X奖是一次很好的行动
The Google Lunar X Prize is a master stroke.
这为小团队提供了激励和动力
It's an inspiration and a motivation for small teams to try
去尝试曾经只有超级大国才能做的事情
what was only accessible to superpowers in the past.
曾经需要几千人用计算尺做的事
What used to take thousands of people with slide rules
鲍勃·理查兹 月球快递
现在只需要年轻的工程师坐在屋里
can now be done with young engineers sitting in a room
在电脑前就能完成
with desktop computers,
由于微型化技术缩小了
and the spacecraft themselves can be so much smaller
电子器件和推进器
because micro-miniaturisation of technology
宇宙飞船本身也变得很小
has shrunk electronics and shrunk propulsion,
这将经济学引入了私营领域
and this brings the economics into the realm of the private sector.
月球快递的技术已经非常先进了
Moon Express's technology is already pretty advanced.
这是我们用来模拟
So this is the lander test facility that we use
宇宙飞船和它的月球之旅
to replicate the spacecraft
所用的着陆器测试设备
and what it experiences on its journey to the Moon,
从控制中心一直到它在月球表面登陆
all the way from Mission Control to its landing on the surface,
未经允许 不得入内
所以我们能让它认为它正在登陆月球
so we can actually make it think it's landing on the Moon
而且我们可以看它的表现并调试所有软件
and we can watch how it behaves and adjust all the software
所以它就会完全明白它在哪儿
so it just perfectly knows where it is
并在月球上轻轻地着陆
and can land softly on the Moon.