望远镜400年的故事（2009）

解说：在凝望夜晚的星空时
(male narrator) HAVE YOU EVER PONDERED YOUR EXISTENCE
你可曾沉思自己的存在
WHILE GAZING UPON A STARRY NIGHT,
行星 恒星和星系
PLANETS,STARS,GALAXIES
在太空中断续延绵
SPINNING OFF ENDLESSLY INTO SPACE,
浩瀚得令人不知所措 却仍被知识所连接
OVERWHELMED BY THE VASTNESS YET CONNECTED BY THE KNOWLEDGE
而你是其中一份子？
THAT YOU'RE PART OF IT?
在数千年里 世界各地的文明
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS, CULTURES AROUND THE WORLD
形成了它们对宇宙的理解
SHAPED THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
超越哲学及宗教 在过去 400 年中
THROUGH PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION, AND IN THE PAST 400 YEARS,
借助的是现代科学及望远镜
BY MODERN SCIENCE AND THE TELESCOPE.
但我们当中多数人没有意识到
BUT WHAT MOST OF US DON'T REALIZE
我们宇宙的照片
IS THAT OUR PICTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
以及我们在其中的位置即将再次改变
AND OUR PLACE IN IT IS ONCE AGAIN ABOUT TO CHANGE.
［合唱音乐］
[dramatic choral music]
当我们抬头仰望夜空时 我们想象
MAJOR FUNDING FOR 4AT THE NIGHT SKY,
地球在环绕太阳公转的同时
WE IMAGINE EARTH SPINNING ON ITS AXIS
还绕着自己的轴自转
AS IT ORBITS THE SUN,
本身在银河系里有一条轨道
ITSELF AN ORBIT WITHIN THE MILKY WAY,
而银河系 是无尽的空间海洋中十亿星系之一
A GALAXY,ONE AMONG BILLIONS ACROSS THE ENDLESS SEA OF SPACE.
我们目前宇宙视野的基石
THE CORNERSTONE OF OUR CURRENT VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE
在上世纪20年代
EMERGED DURING THE 1920s,
一名天文学家将当时最大的望远镜
WHEN AN ASTRONOMER TURNED THE LARGEST TELESCOPE OF THE ERA
转向太空中的神秘光斑——
TOWARDS MYSTERIOUS PATCHES OF LIGHT ON THE SKY
螺旋星云时奠定了
CALLED SPIRAL NEBULAE.
弗里德曼：我们现在所站的100英寸虎克望远镜
(Freedman) WE ARE STANDING AT THE 100-INCH HOOKER TELESCOPE
位于加州帕萨迪纳的威尔逊山
AT MOUNT WILSON IN PASADENA,CALIFORNIA.
这具望远镜是
THIS TELESCOPE WAS THE BRAINCHILD
卡内基天文学家乔治·埃勒里·海尔的发明
OF CARNEGIE ASTRONOMER GEORGE ELLERY HALE.
海尔的观点是 当使用巨大反射镜面的
AND HALE HAD THE IDEA THAT IF YOU WERE TO BUILD TELESCOPES
望远镜被建造出来
WITH VERY LARGE REFLECTING MIRRORS,
天文学的发现也会接踵而至
THEN ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES WOULD SOON FOLLOW.
海尔的设想一经提出几乎立即
AND HALE'S VISION WAS BORNE OUT ALMOST IMMEDIATELY
由爱德恩哈勃的工作所证实 此人发现了宇宙之大
WITH THE WORK OF EDWIN HUBBLE, WHO DISCOVERED THAT THE UNIVERSE
远超过人们原来的想象
IS MUCH LARGER THAN ORIGINALLY WAS THOUGHT,
银河系之外还有星系
THAT THERE ARE GALAXIES OUTSIDE THE MILKY WAY
而这些星系
AND ALSO THAT THESE GALAXIES
也是整体膨胀的宇宙中一部分
ARE TAKING PART IN AN OVERALL EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE.
我们所居住宇宙的图象
COMPLETELY REVOLUTIONIZED OUR PICTURE
发生了完全的革命
OF THE UNIVERSE WE LIVE IN
从一个较小的 静态的宇宙
FROM A RELATIVELY SMALL, STATIC UNIVERSE
变成了动态的膨胀的宇宙
TO A DYNAMIC AND EXPANDING UNIVERSE.
解说：只稍作观察
(narrator) WITH ONLY A FEW OBSERVATIONS,
我们的宇宙模型就改变了
OUR MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE CHANGED.
技术赋予人们前所未有的
TECHNOLOGY EMPOWERED ONE MAN TO SEE THE COSMOS
审视宇宙的力量
AS NEVER BEFORE.
如今天体物理学家们可预见到 激动人心的进步
TODAY ASTROPHYSICISTS FORESEE DRAMATIC ADVANCES
在装备新一代探测器的
DRIVEN BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUPER OBSERVATORIES
超级天文台的建设工程驱动下
EQUIPPED WITH A NEW GENERATION OF DETECTORS
将展露出一个目前观察者
THAT WILL REVEAL A HIDDEN UNIVERSE
几乎无法见到的隐藏宇宙
THAT CURRENT OBSERVERS CAN BARELY SEE.
这些天文观测者不是
THESE SKY WATCHERS ARE NOT SOOTHSAYERS
盯着水晶球的预言者
GAZING INTO CRYSTAL BALLS.
他们只知道每当
THEY JUST KNOW THAT EVERY TIME
我们将一台新的更大的望远镜指向苍穹
WE POINT A NEW AND LARGER TELESCOPE TOWARD THE HEAVENS,
人们的知识就向前跃一大步
OUR KNOWLEDGE TAKES A GIANT LEAP FORWARD.
历史被设定了不断重复
HISTORY IS SET TO REPEAT ITSELF.
望远镜透镜来自于眼镜镜片
TELESCOPE LENSES CAME FROM SPECTACLE LENSES.
在欧洲约1300年起眼镜就已普及
SPECTACLE LENSES HAD BEEN AROUND IN EUROPE SINCE ABOUT 1300.
随着社会识字程度提高
AND AS SOCIETY BECAME MORE LITERATE,
阅读眼镜变得更普通
READING GLASSES BECAME MORE COMMON.
16世纪中叶
BY THE MIDDLE OF THE 16TH CENTURY,
由玻璃盘制成的眼镜镜片
SPECTACLE LENSES WERE MADE FROM GLASS DISKS
是有底色且两面抛光的
THAT WERE GROUND AND POLISHED ON BOTH SIDES.
接近了制♥造♥
AND NOW WE WERE APPROACHING THE QUALITY NECESSARY
望远镜所需的品质
FOR A TELESCOPE.
解说：真正的望远镜发明者
(narrator) THE ACTUAL INVENTOR OF THE TELESCOPE
可能永远不为人所知
MAY NEVER BE KNOWN.
很多人主张发明权
MANY CLAIMANTS HAVE APPEARED.
其中有两个住在荷兰的
TWO LIVE IN THE SMALL TOWN OF MIDDLEBURG
小镇米德尔堡
IN THE NETHERLANDS,
叫夏克瑞斯·杰森和汉斯·利珀希
SACHARIAS JANSEN AND HANS LIPPERHEY.
历史记录表明两人都和发明有关
HISTORICAL RECORDS LINK BOTH TO THE IENTION,
利珀希得到人们普遍认可
BUT IT'S LIPPERHEY WHO USUALLY GETS THE CREDIT.
据推测,1608年九月
IN SEPTEMBER 1608, HANS LIPPERHEY CAME FORWARD
汉斯·利珀希最先做出望远镜
WITH A TELESCOPE,AND-- A THREE-POWERED SPYGLASS,
一个三倍望远镜
PRESUMABLY.
然后他去到海牙 将它献给了
AND HE TRAVELED TO THE HAGUE, WHERE HE PRESENTED IT
莫里斯王子
TO PRINCE MAURICE,
荷兰的三军统率
WHO WAS THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE DUTCH ARMED FORCES.
与此同时
IN THE MEANTIME,
另一个从米德尔堡来的人也站出来
ANOTHER PERSON FROM MIDDLEBURG CAME FORWARD
说他做了一只望远镜
AND SAID THAT HE HAD A TELESCOPE.
最重要的是
AND ON TOP OF THAT,
另一个来自阿尔克马 市的人
ANOTHER PERSON, FROM THE CITY OF ALKMAAR,
雅各布·梅修斯 也说他有同样的东西
JACOB METIUS,CAME FORWARD AND SAID HE HAD THE SAME THING.
这时候荷兰的议会
AND SO NOW THE STATES-GENERAL
意识到这东西已不能作为一个秘密；
NOTICED THAT YOU CAN'T KEEP THIS THING A SECRET;
这里到处都是
IT'S ALL OVER THE PLACE.
因此他们取消了利珀希的专利权
AND SO THEY DO NOT GRANT LIPPERHEY A PATENT,
结果望远镜在欧洲迅速蔓延
AND IT SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE ALL OVER EUROPE.
因而到1609年春,
AND SO BY THE SPRING OF 1609,
巴黎有望远镜卖♥♥了
THE SPYGLASS IS FOR SALE IN PARIS.
从那里 望远镜再传到其他国家 如意大利
AND FROM THERE,IT MOVES ON TO OTHER COUNTRIES,LIKE ITALY.
伽利略正是这个时候
IT IS AT THIS POINT THAT GALILEO
拿到了小小的三倍望远镜
TAKES THIS LITTLE THREE-POWERED SPYGLASS
并看到了它的潜能
AND SEES THE POTENTIAL OF IT.
望远镜天文学从此起步
AND THAT'S THE START OF TELESCOPIC ASTRONOMY.
解说：在1609年初夏,伽利略·伽利莱
(narrator) BY EARLY SUMMER OF 1609, GALILEO GALILEI,
帕多瓦大学的一位数学教授
A PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PADUA,
研究了利珀希 望远镜 并很快自♥制♥出
LEARNED OF LIPPERHEY'S TELESCOPE AND QUICKLY CONSTRUCTED
性能更高的望远镜
A BETTER ONE OF HIS OWN.
在往后的几月内 他制♥造♥了一些设备
OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS, HE MADE SEVERAL INSTRUMENTS,
每一个都在放大能力上有所提高
EACH WITH AN INCREASE IN MAGNIFYING POWER.
但直到1609年十一月
BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL NOVEMBER OF 1609
他才把他的望远镜对准天空
THAT HE TURNED HIS TELESCOPE TO THE HEAVENS.
在他之后所写的书
HE WOULD LATER WRITE IN HIS BOOK
星座报告： 《星辰的使者》中有提及
SIDERIUS NUNCIUS, "THE STARRY MESSENGER"...
［意大利语］
[man speaking Italian]
解说：舍弃了地球观察
(male translator) FORSAKING TERRESTRIAL OBSERVATIONS,
我转向天空
I TURNED TO CELESTIAL ONES.
我先是看见月亮就在手边
AND FIRST I SAW THE MOON FROM US NEAR AT HAND
仿佛它并非在两个地球半径距离之外
AS IF IT WERE SCARCELY TWO TERRESTRIAL RADII AWAY.
我的见解和信念是
I HAVE BEEN LED TO THE OPINION AND CONVICTION
月球的表面
THAT THE SURFACE OF THE MOON
并非光滑的 均匀的 也不是一个标准的球体
IS NOT SMOOTH,UNIFORM, AND PRECISELY SPHERICAL,
而当时大量的哲学家相信
AS A GREAT NUMBER OF PHILOSOPHERS BELIEVE IT
月球和其他天体应该是
AND THE OTHER HEAVENLY BODIES TO BE,
可事实上它的不平顺 粗糙 布满坑洞和突起
BUT IS UNEVEN,ROUGH,AND FULL OF CAVITIES AND PROMINENCES
这点与地球的脸没有什么不同
NOT BEING UNLIKE THE FACE OF THE EARTH.
解说：伽利略在那一夜
(narrator) WHAT GALILEO OBSERVED ON THAT NIGHT
及接下来的夜晚里
AND THE NIGHT THAT FOLLOWED
所观察到的宇宙
WAS A UNIVERSE SURPRISINGLY DIFFERENT
令人惊讶的不同于
FROM THE ONE IMAGINED BY THE GREEKS
希腊人在约2,000年前所想象的样子
NEARLY 2,000 YEARS EARLIER.
希腊人相信所有的天体
THE GREEKS BELIEVED THAT ALL HEAVENLY OBJECTS,
遥不可及及无法到达
IMMENSELY DISTANT AND UNREACHABLE,
是非常平滑的球体
WERE PERFECTLY SMOOTH ORBS
由不同于地球的材料构成
MADE OF MATERIALS UNLIKE THOSE OF THE EARTH.
他们相信所有星球被固定在一个
THEY BELIEVED THE STARS WERE FIXED TO A GIANT SPHERE
封闭整个的宇宙庞大球体里
THAT ENCLOSED THE COSMOS.