猎捕（2015）

它们一次捕猎就能维持一周时间
Whereas they can last for a week on just one kill,
雄鸟只能捕捉小型猎物
the male, limited to smaller meals,
必须进行两倍次数的捕猎
must hunt almost twice as frequently.
在季节变化如此迅速的森林中捕猎
It's the price the sparrowhawk must pay for hunting in a forest
这是雀鹰必须付出的代价
that changes so radically with the seasons.
有一种森林里 捉迷藏游戏更为复杂
There is a forest where the game of hide and seek is even more complex.
这就是雨林
The rainforest.
植物生长的绝佳环境
A place in which the perfect conditions for plant life
树林繁盛不息 泛滥成灾
never end and the forest runs rampant,
形成最令人眼花缭乱的竞技场
forming the most confusing arena of all.
但一定有猎物藏在某处
But there has to be prey hidden somewhere.
事实上 到处都是
In fact, it's hidden everywhere.
雨林中最大的难题就是大小
The great problem of the rainforest is one of scale.
这里大多数猎物 体型微小
Most of the prey animals here are tiny.
掠食者如何依靠这么小的猎物生存呢
How can a predator hope to survive on such small prey?
答案就是成为小型掠食者
One answer is to be a small predator.
这是波西亚蜘蛛
This is a Portia spider.
波西亚蜘蛛外出捕猎 而不用蛛网
Rather than use a web, Portia ventures out in search of prey.
像这样隐藏起来寻找猎物
Playing hide and seek in this,
这里是最大的迷宫
the mother of all mazes.
它具有三种特殊能力有助于寻找猎物
To help her in her quest, she's equipped with three superpowers.
第一种 惊人的行动方法
First, an amazing approach to getting about.
这是一种会跳跃的蜘蛛
Portia is a jumping spider,
能够跳过体长50倍的距离
able to leap up to 50 times her own body length.
没有地方是它去不了的
Nowhere seems beyond her reach.
第二种特殊能力... 绝佳的视力
Next, her second superpower... superb eyesight.
对于在杂乱环境中分辨猎物必不可少
Essential if she is to distinguish her prey in all this clutter.
因为它的猎物不会四处走动
Because her prey doesn't stray.
波西亚蜘蛛以其它蜘蛛为食
Portia is a spider...eating spider.
这产生了一个难题...
This raises a few problems...
其猎物拥有三倍大的体型
her lunch is three times her size
不仅有毒液
packed with venom
而且周围布满陷阱
and surrounded by a sticky trap.
这是不可能的任务吗
Mission impossible?
根本不是 它具有第三种特殊能力
Not at all, because of her third superpower.
波西亚蜘蛛是一个天才
Portia is a genius.
它在三维的世界中行动
She can map her world in three dimensions
并且形成了进攻方案
and formulate a plan of attack.
它有注意了
She can have an idea.
结网的蜘蛛看不到它
The web...builder is blind.
丝毫没有察觉到危险
It won't have a clue that she's coming.
正中目标
Right on target
而且避开了毒牙
and safely behind those fangs.
波西亚蜘蛛利用灵活的头脑 往往可以以智取胜
But a mind as active as Portia's can always do with more brain food.
在这里 没有沿蜘蛛丝滑下去的固定点
Here, there's no anchor point for the abseil.
波西亚蜘蛛有别的方法
But Portia has another idea.
不是去主动找蜘蛛
Instead of going to the spider
它会让蜘蛛来找它
she will bring the spider to her.
它拨动蛛丝来模仿挣扎的猎物
She plucks the strands to imitate struggling prey
吸引蜘蛛
drawing the spider in
自己来送死
to its death.
但波西亚蜘蛛有势均力敌的对手...
But Portia does have her equal...
喷网蜘蛛
the spitting spider.
具有竞争力的跟踪者 而且拥有秘密武器
A rival stalker with its own secret weapon.
鼓起的头部武装有喷胶枪
A bloated head armed with glue guns
能喷出黏性蛛丝困住目标
that trap with sticky threads.
只要喷入眼睛 就会让波西亚蜘蛛看不见
One spit in the eye would blind Portia.
但它知道如何避免
But she knows how to avoid that.
只捕捉带着卵囊的雌蛛
Only hunt a female with an egg sac.
在安全的距离尾随
Follow at a safe distance.
跟着它进入巢穴
Track it to its lair.
对波西亚蜘蛛很危险
A dangerous place for Portia.
但喷网蛛被分散了注意力
But the spitter is distracted.
它正在照顾自己的卵
She's tending to her eggs.
波西亚蜘蛛等到恰当的时机
Portia waits for just the right moment.
嘴里有东西无法喷施蛛丝
It can't spit if its mouth is full.
成功了
Mission possible!
对于比波西亚蜘蛛更大的掠食者
For predators larger than Portia,
有一种方法能在短时间内 找到很多小型猎物
there is one way to find lots of small prey in a short space of time.
只要等到夜幕降临
Wait until nightfall.
在黑暗的掩护下
Under cover of darkness,
森林中很多小型动物活跃起来
the forest comes alive with small animals
它们相信黑夜能提供掩护
trusting that night will hide them.
其实不然
It won't.
一些捕猎者在月光下埋伏
Some hunters ambush by moonlight.
这是眼镜猴
The tarsier.
只有人类手掌大小
No bigger than a human hand,
却拥有哺乳动物中相对于体型最大的双眼
with the largest eyes of any mammal relative to body size,
还有像蝙蝠的巨大耳朵能听清
and huge, bat like ears to pick out
一片嘈杂中的刮擦声
a telltale scratch amongst the hubbub.
黑暗无法为昆虫提供隐藏 以躲避眼镜猴
The darkness can't hide an insect from a tarsier
但眼镜猴却能藏于黑暗 来捕捉昆虫
but it can hide a tarsier from an insect.
但眼镜猴之间存在竞争
Because tarsiers compete for food,
它们在捕猎时相互保持距离
they keep their distance while hunting
只搜索自己的丛林领地
each sweeping its own patch of jungle.
但在它们捕猎时
But while they hunt
自己也会成为猎物
they too are hunted.
它们有自己的黑夜跟踪者
They have their own night stalker.
一条网纹蟒蛇
A reticulated python.
它使用能感知气味和热量的器官 在黑暗中寻找猎物
It uses scent and heat sensing organs to find its prey in the dark.
如果眼镜猴发现了蟒蛇 它们有应对方法
If the tarsiers spot it, they know what to do.
召集大部队
Call in the troops!
周围所有的眼镜猴
All the tarsiers in the neighbourhood
放弃捕猎并集♥合♥起来
abandon their hunts and rally together
朝着蟒蛇发出高频音尖叫
screaming at the python with high pitched calls.
大势已去 蟒蛇被赶走了
The game is up, and the snake is driven away.
数量多是安全的
There is safety in numbers,
但当骚乱结束后
but when the commotion is over,
每只眼镜猴仍旧各顾各的
it's back to every tarsier for itself.
在白天 另一场捉迷藏游戏在高处展开
By day, a different game of hide and seek takes place high above,
就在丛林的顶层
in the jungle canopy.
这里是更开阔的竞技场
A far more open arena,
悬在30米的高空
hanging 30 metres up in the air,
更大的猎物居住在此
and home to larger prey.
一群群猴子
Troops of monkeys
正在享用大树的花朵和果实
feasting on the flowers and fruits of the giant trees.
因为猴子时常面临坠落的风险 它们需要
Because monkeys are always at risk of falling, they need
前视的双眼 以判断到下一根树枝的距离
forward facing eyes to judge the distance to the next branch
这导致它们有一个盲点
which means they have a blind spot.
这是角雕 拥有长如熊爪的鹰爪
The harpy eagle. With talons as long as a bear's claws,
翼展长达两米 它是空中伏击的高手
and a two metre wingspan, it's the master of the aerial ambush.
如果猴子在树顶之下
If a monkey is under the canopy,
角雕就抓不到
it's out of the harpy's reach.
只有猴子从隐蔽处跳出来
It's only when one breaks cover
才有机会抓到它
that it becomes available.
角雕的捕猎方法是有代价的
The harpy's way of hunting comes at a price.
带着猴子这么重的猎物飞行 肌肉要足够强壮
To fly with prey as heavy as a monkey, it must build enough muscle
这让它成为地球上力量最大的鹰
to become the most powerful eagle on Earth.
因此 养育角雕幼鸟要付出非同一般的辛劳
Raising a harpy chick, therefore, takes an extraordinary commitment.
角雕的育雏期是所有猛禽中最长的
Harpies have the longest period of parental care of any bird of prey.
它们养育幼鸟长达两年
They feed their chick for up to two years.
在此期间 父母会给幼鸟带回200多只猴子和树懒
In that time, the parents will bring it over 200 monkeys and sloths.
在年末 它已经完全长大
At the end of a year, it's fully grown
但离最终独♥立♥还很远
but it's far from the finished article.
它必须用数月时间
It must spend many more months
在丛林训练场中锻炼肌肉
building up its flight muscles for the heavy lifting ahead
以便将来能拖起沉重的猎物
by working out at the jungle gym.
更加需要的是
And, more demanding still,
它必须学习在空中伏击猎物的技巧
it must learn the art of the ambush in this aerial world.
不让猴子发现并不容易
Trying to hide from monkeys is not easy.