猎捕（2015）

开阔海洋
The open ocean.
覆盖了地球表面一大半
It covers more than half the surface of our planet.
然而 其大部分区域是水的荒漠
Yet, for the most part, it's a watery desert,
毫无生命
empty of life.
捕猎者一生之中都在不停寻找
Hunters here spend their lives in a constant search
稀少难获的猎物
for scarce and elusive prey.
令人惊奇的是 看似荒芜的大洋
Remarkably, this seemingly barren wilderness
却生存着一种最大型的捕猎者
is home to the largest hunter of them all
蓝鲸
the blue whale.
重达200吨♥
Weighing 200 tonnes
体长达30米
and 30 metres long,
这是地球上存在过的最大的动物
these are the biggest animals ever to have lived.
尽管体型巨大
Despite their immense size,
蓝鲸具有游泳动物中 最流线型的身材
blue whales are one of the most streamlined
和最高的能量利用率
and energy efficient of all swimmers.
其食物在海洋中如此分散
Their food is so scarce and widely spread
蓝鲸必须穿越整个大洋
that blue whales must journey across whole oceans
仅为饱餐一顿
just to find a single meal.
它们能以每天100英里的速度 游一周时间
They can travel over 100 miles a day for weeks at a time.
海洋中最大动物的食物 却是最微小的
The ocean's largest animal feeds on one of its smallest.
磷虾 一种小型甲壳动物
Krill, small shrimp like crustaceans.
蓝鲸张开巨嘴十分费力
Opening its gigantic mouth takes so much effort
只有磷虾群足够稠密时
that they only do so
它们才会这么做
when the swarms of krill are rich and concentrated.
这群磷虾太分散
The krill here is too scattered
甚至不值得停下来捕获
not even worth slowing down for.
这只蓝鲸踏上孤独的旅程
This blue whale's lonely search for food
继续寻找食物
must go on.
在这里 觅食的机会稀少难寻
Out here, feeding opportunities are always few and far between.
而且很短暂
And they never last long.
猎物几分钟内就会被吞净
Prey is devoured within minutes.
当一切结束
When it's all over,
捕猎者继续踏上无尽的觅食之路
the hunters must resume their endless search.
军舰鸟
Frigatebirds
是公海上的海盗
the pirates of the high seas.
它们借助信风 毫不费力地翱翔
Soaring effortlessly on the gentle trade winds,
搜索广阔的洋面寻找食物
they can scan vast tracts of ocean for food.
军舰鸟体重太轻
Frigates must be so lightweight
不能像其它海鸟那样
that they can't afford the heavy oils
双翼沾有防水的重油
that waterproof the plumage of other sea birds.
一旦弄湿 就有生命危险
So getting wet would be lethal.
对海上捕猎者来说 这看似无法突破的限制
This may seem an impossible limitation for a seafaring hunter.
但军舰鸟借助于其它动物
But frigatebirds overcome this handicap
克服了这种不利条件
with help from others.
剑鱼
Dorado.
一种快速而贪婪的海中掠食者
One of the fastest and most voracious of ocean predators.
它们靠近水面巡游 寻找猎物
They patrol close to the surface, searching for prey.
小型鱼类试图藏在起伏的波浪中
Little fish try to hide amidst the undulating swell of the ocean
那是仅有的掩护
the only cover there is.
这是一场波涛中的捉迷藏游戏
It's a game of hide and seek played out amongst the waves.
它们的掩护被吹散
Their cover blown
看起来无处可逃
escape seems impossible.
但这些非同寻常的鱼 具有特殊本领
But these particular fish have a unique ability.
它们是飞鱼
They're flying fish.
借助尾部的推动
With an extra thrust from their tails,
飞鱼再次腾空
the flying fish get airborne once more.
顺风之时
With a good wind,
它们能滑翔上百米距离
they can glide for hundreds of metres.
但这正是军舰鸟们
But this is just what the frigatebirds
期盼已久的
have been waiting for.
当军舰鸟加入捕猎队伍
When frigates join the hunt,
飞鱼简直如陷深渊
the flying fish are literally caught between the devil
任人宰割
and the deep blue sea.
如果飞鱼升得过高
If the flying fish get too much lift
很容易被军舰鸟捕捉
they become easy prey for the frigates.
如果下潜躲避上方的攻击
If they dive to evade attack from above
就会落入剑鱼之口
they could fall into the mouths of the dorado.
借助剑鱼的帮忙
With the help of the dorado,
狡诈的军舰鸟 不用弄湿一根羽毛
the wily frigatebird has become a flying fish specialist
就能轻松捕获飞鱼
and without getting a single feather wet.
并非所有大洋捕猎者 都会长途跋涉
Not all open ocean hunters are able to travel
以获取食物
in search of their food.
有些别无选择 只能等猎物送上门
Some have no choice but wait for a meal to come to them.
一丛马尾藻 漂浮在大西洋中
A mat of sargassum weed drifts in the middle of the Atlantic.
马尾藻是唯一生活在水面的海藻
Sargassum is the only seaweed to live entirely at the surface.
它从不接触海床
It never attaches to the sea floor.
这团漂浮乱叶中
This floating tangle of fronds
居住着一种奇异的大洋掠食者
is home to a surprising open ocean predator,
马尾藻鱼
the sargassum fish.
其身体的每一部分都在模仿海藻
Every part of his body mimics the weed.
它的鱼鳍比起游泳来 更适于行走
His fins are more suited to walking than swimming.
实际上 它几乎不会游泳
In fact, he can barely swim at all.
它将在海藻筏中 孤独生活一辈子
He will spend his entire life marooned on this weedy raft.
这条马尾藻鱼必须埋伏等待
This sargassum fish must lie in wait
等着在海藻中寻求庇护的动物送上门
for those seeking shelter amongst the weed.
很遗憾 它的草垫现在空无一物
Unfortunately his mat is empty for now.
但至少不必为寻找食物
But at least he's not wasting valuable energy
而耗费宝贵的能量
searching for food.
在毫无特色的海洋
In the featureless ocean,
对幼年鱼来说 这些草垫是很受欢迎的避难所
these mats are much sought after sanctuary for juvenile fish.
终于来了
At last
数周来的首次机会
his first opportunity for weeks.
它必须靠近
He must get closer.
只有离猎物几厘米远时 它才能发动攻击
He can only strike when he's within a few centimetres of his prey.
依赖于绝佳的伪装
Trusting his perfect camouflage,
它藏在水藻中
he hides in the weed.
要耐心
Patience.
还不够近
Still not close enough.
饥饿显然控制了它
Hunger is clearly getting the better of him.
这次肯定行
Surely this time.
失败了
Blown it.
它的下次机会 可能要数周以后了
It may be weeks before he gets another chance.
开阔海洋十分浩瀚
The open ocean is so vast
一些捕猎者只有团队合作
that some hunters can only find enough prey
才能捕获足够的猎物
by searching as a team.
海豚生活在高度复杂的社会群体中
Dolphins live in highly sophisticated social groups.
通过合作
Working together,
它们占据了大♥片♥的海域
they can cover a huge area of ocean.
这些是长吻原海豚
These are spinner dolphins.
它们为什么做出旋转跳跃 依然没有定论
Why they make these twisting leaps is still debatable.
很可能是一种交流方式
Perhaps it's a form of communication
或仅仅为了娱乐
or perhaps it's just fun.
众多小团体有时会聚集起来
Small groups sometimes come together,
形成数量达5000的巨型群体
forming superpods 5,000 strong.
它们正在捕猎
And these are on the hunt.
长吻原海豚是所有海豚中 最善于发声的
Spinners are the most vocal of all the dolphins.
它们使用回声定位来寻找猎物 类似于声呐
They use echolocation, a kind of sonar, to find their prey.
每只捕猎者发出一系列滴答声
Each hunter sends out a series of clicks
然后听返回的回音
and then listens for returning echoes
即使猎物在数百米以外
allowing them to scan for distant prey,
它们也能发现
hundreds of metres away.
大队分散成宽阔的捕猎阵型
The superpod spreads out into a wide hunting line,
宽度达一英里
up to a mile across
形成一堵声音的墙
producing a wall of sound.
它们正在寻找最喜欢的猎物
They're searching for their favourite prey.
灯鱼
Lanternfish.
它们是地球上数量最多的鱼类
They are the most numerous fish on the planet.
但这些小鱼一生大多数时间
But these small fish spend most of their time
都躲在海豚无法到达的深海
down in the deep ocean, way beyond the reach of dolphins.
只有当它们到水面觅食
It's only when they come up to the surface to feed