猎捕（2015）

They hunt in packs of course,
其次，它们喜欢追逐猎物
and they prefer to chase the animal down.
也许我们工作最重要的地方
Probably the most important aspect of our work
就是确保人们能够提起对保护野犬的责任感
is ensuring that the people that are most responsible for conservation
同时也能够认识到野生动物也是我们赞比亚人中的一员
of wild dogs and wild life in general are the Zambians themselves.
Henry和Thandi很了不起
Henry and Thandi are fantastic and are continuing
他们会继续帮助孩子们参与保护野生动物
to help kids get engaged in wildlife conservation.
你们之前也许从没见过兽夹
For those of you that have never seen a snare before,
这玩意儿长这样
this is what it looks like.
这玩意儿的机制是
The mechanism is so that it should tighten
动物越挣扎，就会越紧
as the animal struggles to get away.
能教育给这代年轻人最好的事儿是
The best thing that can come out of this is a generation of people
让他们对野生动物感兴趣
that are interested in wildlife.
无论将来他们选择什么职业
Regardless of what field they join later on -
教师，银行家或什么其它的
they could be teachers, or bankers, or whatever -
都希望他们是有环境保护意识的一代人
but just environmentally-minded people.
动物多样性是非常重要的
The animals are important, because they are the sources of income
因为这也是我们国家发展重要的资源
that can develop our Zambia - our nation.
当我长大后，我想要教人们认识野生动物
When I grow up, I just want to teach people about wildlife.
就像Henry先生做的那样
Just like Mr Henry do.
地球表面的70%是海水
Oceans cover over 70% of the planet.
这片浩瀚宽广的蓝色荒漠
This immense blue wilderness
居住着世上体型最大的猎食者——
is home to the largest predator that's ever lived...
蓝鲸
..the blue whale -
长可达30米，重可达200吨♥
up to 30 metres long and weighing 200 tonnes.
自从30年前，全球开始禁止商业捕鲸
Since commercial whaling was banned 30 years ago,
除了在加利福尼亚海岸
off the coast of California,
蓝鲸的数量已有显著的增长
its numbers have almost fully recovered.
这里的蓝鲸身处危境
But they face a new problem.
因为，蓝鲸钟爱的食物——磷虾
Here, blue whales are feeding on krill,
藏身于世上最繁忙的航道之中
in one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
集装箱船每天24小时不间断地
Container ships plough through these waters 24 hours a day,
通过这条航道进出洛杉矶
heading in and out of Los Angeles.
如果大型船只撞击到鲸鱼，往往是鲸鱼以死收场
When the bow strikes a whale, it's usually fatal.
科学家们认为，这就是这里的蓝鲸数量
Some scientists have suggested that this could be one reason
没有增长的原因之一
why the blue whale population here is not increasing.
要证明这一观点，需要做一些有挑战性的工作
But proving it requires very challenging research.
我们不断监控着这条繁忙的航道
So, we'll go through the area where we've had the sightings
昨晚似乎出现了两条蓝鲸
and it looks like both those whales moved last night
在这个区域...
to the shipping lanes, right in that zone...
洛杉矶港口的浮式拦河埂旁
On the MS Shearwater in LA harbour,
一队海洋生物学家正准备出海搜寻蓝鲸
a team of marine biologists are heading out to hunt for blue whales.
他们的任务是研究集装箱船给鲸鱼带来的影响
Their mission is to investigate the impacts of ship strike.
我们可以在鲸鱼
I think we'll have a chance at this angle -
重新回到深处进行旅行模式前
it looks like he's back into
创造机会为它装上追踪器
a little bit more of a travelling mode.
John Calambokidis是世上
John Calambokidis from Cascadia Research
顶尖的蓝鲸专家
is the world's top expert on blue whales
他从事这行有29年了
and has been studying them for 29 years.
我是在2007年开始注意到船只撞击问题
I first became aware of the ship strike issue in 2007,
在那个时候，数月内至少有4只蓝鲸在加州南部
when we had at least four blue whales that were struck
被来往的重型船只给撞死
and killed by ships just in Southern California in a few months' period.
洛杉矶港口
The port of Los Angeles Long Beach
是各类船只进出最密集的地方
is the largest shipping complex in the United States.
集装箱船数量在过去30年增长了十倍不止
Container traffic here has increased ten-fold in the last 30 years.
这块地方大概是
This spot right here probably has
进出洛杉矶港的
some of the densest concentration of ships
各类船只穿梭最密集的地方
that will funnel through here, coming into Los Angeles Long Beach.
同时这个海峡周边
This also, right here, is a canyon
聚集有大量磷虾，这是蓝鲸的食物
that has quite a bit of krill for blue whales to feed on.
所以，我们经常能在这块区域
And we've often got concentrations of blue whales
发现聚集着蓝鲸
right in this same area.
John使用追踪器标记了大量的蓝鲸
John is tagging a number of whales
看它们是如何躲避船只
to see how they respond to the ships.
我们刚刚发现有一只鲸鱼出现在航道上
Right now, we have a whale that's in the shipping lane,
现在我们要抓住时机
so we're going to try to take this opportunity
去给它装上追踪器
to put a tag on this whale,
看看船只与鲸鱼是如何对彼此作出反应
monitor both what it's doing and get the reaction of the whale.
安装追踪器需要一个恰当的时机
Deploying a suction cup tag requires precision timing.
最重要一点，是时刻注意鲸鱼的动向
This first critical point, till you figure out what a whale's doing,
因为很容易跟丢它
it's very easy to lose it.
现在，我有点儿小担心
Right now, there's a little bit of pressure.
它可能会在这出现
He may come up again here.
是的，它来了
Yep, here he comes.
大伙儿上！
All right! Let's go.
来了
Coming up.
OK，干得好
OK, nice job there.
我们给它装上了个吸盘式追踪器
So, that's attached with a suction cup.
我们希望这追踪器
We hope it will stay on
能够坚持上几小时
for something of the order of a few hours.
如今的捕鲸船会根据鲸鱼的习惯
These modern day whalers with hi-tech harpoons
使用高科技的捕鱼工具
are hunting for new information about the whales' behaviour
这就是为什么鲸鱼们现在很少浮出水面了
and why they don't simply swim out of harm's way.
蓝鲸似乎对船只的出现，并没有太大的反应
Blue whales don't seem to respond very strongly to the ship presence.
你知道的
You think about a long ship,
这种大型船只引擎的轰鸣
the engine of that ship that's generating the noise
以及螺旋桨卷起的浪波都是很大的
and the propeller are all the way at the far end.
这些因素会对300米范围内的蓝鲸
What might be of danger to the blue whale
可能会有比较危险的影响
might be 300 metres in front of that.
追踪器可以显示出蓝鲸出现在航道上的次数
The tags reveal how much time the whales spend in the shipping lanes,
尤其是在夜间
especially at night.
首先，比较令人吃惊的是
The first thing that's rather surprising
这条蓝鲸两次穿越航道
is that the whale crosses the shipping lanes twice.
其次，我们看到这条蓝鲸在夜间浮出了水面
And we see that the blue whales are spending
大概有两次
about twice as much of their time at night near the surface,
与白天相比，这会使它们更易受到
where they will be vulnerable to being struck by a ship,
船只撞击
compared to the day time.
John如今在为政♥府♥工作
John is now working with the authorities
试着提出更改航道和减少通行船只数量的方案
to try to divert the shipping lanes and slow the vessels down.
各方都应积极找出一个解决办法
All sides are keen to find a solution
确保蓝鲸可以平安的觅食
and allow the whales to feed in peace.
极地地区是地球上最偏远
The polar regions are the least-inhabited
也是最荒凉的地方
and the most remote wildernesses on Earth.
北极熊，北极顶尖的猎食者
Here in the Arctic, the top predator is the polar bear.
历经50万年，北极熊已经适应了
Over almost half a million years, these bears have adapted to
北极严酷的季节交替
the Arctic's dramatic annual changes of season.
它们是浮冰上唯一的猎食者
They're the only predators to hunt on sea ice
它们依赖浮冰的存在才能捕猎
and they rely on it for almost all of their prey.
但受全球气温升高的影响，冰层越来越薄
But due to changes in the global climate, the ice is getting thinner.
意味着能捕猎的周期也越来越短
And their season for hunting is getting shorter.
坚实的证据表明这个情况正在发生
To prove this is happening, you need hard evidence.
有一组科学家在过去的30年里
And there's one team of scientists
一直在收集相关的证据
who've been collecting that evidence for the last 30 years.
那是什么？
What is that?
可能是只天鹅
It might be a swan.
哦，就在山脊的这一侧？-是的呀
Oh, just this side of the ridge?
- Yeah.
在加拿大北部的西哈德逊湾，
In West Hudson Bay in Northern Canada,
生物学家们正在进行一项
Government biologists are carrying out
对北极熊的长♥期♥跟踪研究项目
the world's longest study on polar bears.
看，有只北极熊，就在我们下方
Oh, there's a bear, right below me - holy smokes.
就是它了，先把它驱离这里
I think if I was going to do this guy, I'd try to get on his left
赶往山脊方向
and just push up onto this ridge here.
假如我们能把它弄上去，我做梦都会笑醒
If we get him on this ridge, I think we're laughing.
科学家们要为北极熊们做身体♥检♥查
The scientists are like health visitors for bears,
以研究短冬对熊数量的影响
checking the pulse of the local population.
对Evan Richardson博士来说，夏天是检查的最佳时刻
For Dr Evan Richardson, summer is the perfect time to call.
北极熊现都在陆地上休养生息
As the bears are resting on land right now,
它们依靠储存的脂肪生存
living off their stored fat reserves, waiting for the sea ice
耐心等待着11，12月份海面上浮冰再现
to come back in the fall, in November and December,
这就为我们提供了一个来此研究统计
it really gives us a good opportunity